Portal hypertension new insights

Contents
Preface
Portal Hypertension in  Liver Cirrhosis is a Consequence of Sinusoidal Wall Rigidity and  Hagen-Poisseuille’s Law
	Abstract
	Control of Blood Flow in  the Normal and Cirrhotic Liver
	Hepatocellular Carcinoma and  Portal Hypertension
	References
Hepatic Steatosis and  Portal Hypertension
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Portal Hypertension in Nafld
	1. Intrahepatic Mechanisms
		1.1. Normal Intrahepatic Vascular Physiology
		1.2. Structural Alterations
			1.2.1. Sinusoidal Disorganization and Remodeling
			1.2.2. Angiogenesis
		1.3. Functional Alterations
			1.3.1. Vasodilation
				1.3.1.1. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Mechanisms
				1.3.1.2. Insulin
			1.3.2. Vasoconstriction
				1.3.2.1. Cyclooxygenase-Mediated Mechanisms
				1.3.2.2. Other Vasoconstrictive Mediators
			1.3.3. Oxidative Stress
			1.3.4. Conclusion
	2. Extrahepatic Mechanisms
	3. Clinical Implications
	Conclusion
	References
Unusual Manifestations  of Portal Hypertension
	Abstract
	Portal Hypertension
	Diagnosis and Treatment
	Ectopic Varices
	Duodenal Varices
	Surgery
	Primary Medical Therapy
	Small Bowel and Stomal Varices
	Rectal Varices
	Conclusion
	References
Portal Hypertension and the Kidneys
	Abstract
	The Physiology of Portal Hypertension
	Portal Hypertension and the Kidney
	Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
	Diagnosis
	Treatment and Prevention of Kidney Injury
	Hyponatremia
	Conclusion and Future Directions
	References
Gastrointestinal Manifestations  of Portal Hyertension
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Varices
		Epidemiology
		Diagnosis and Surveillance
		Treatment – Primary Prophylaxis
		Treatment – Acute Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage
		Gastric Varices
		Ectopic Varices
	Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
		Epidemiology
		Diagnosis
		Treatment
	Portal Hypertensive Enteropathy
	Portal Hypertensive Colopathy
	Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia
		Epidemiology and Diagnosis
		Treatment
	References
Idiopathic Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Conclusion
	References
Editor Contact Information
Index