Political Communication and Performative Leadership: Populism in International Politics (The Palgrave Macmillan Series in International Political Communication)

Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction: Populism, Political Communication and Performative Leadership in International Politics
	Situating Our Approach in Existing Scholarship
	Shared Concepts and Assumptions
	Structure and Content of the Volume
	Part 1: Populist Communication, Leadership and Foreign Policy in Global Context
	Part 2: The Structural Impact of Global Populism in International Politics
	Conclusion
	References
Part I: Populist Communication and Foreign Policy in Global Context
	Chapter 2: Populist Moralization of Foreign Policy Issues
		Moral Rhetoric in Party Manifestos
		Research Method
			Measures
		Results and Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: Populist Communication and Foreign Policy in a Competitive Authoritarian Context
		References
	Chapter 4: Populist Representational Practices and Foreign Policy: An Analysis of the Case of Poland
		Introduction
		Populist Practices and Foreign Policy: Framework for Analysis
			Populism as Discursive and Stylistic Practices Spilling Over onto Foreign Policy
			Populist Practices’ Constitutive and Unintended Effects on Foreign Policy
		The Foreign Policy of the PiS Governments: Redefinition, Transgression and Backlash
			Contestation and Redefinition: European Policies
			Appropriation and Backlash: Policies Towards the US, Russia and Ukraine
			Transgression and Disruption: Foreign Policy Performances and Diplomatic Practice
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: “Self-Other, and the Oppositional Discursive Logic behind Populist Foreign Policy. The Case of the Lega Nord”
		Introduction
		On Populism and Narratives
		Communication and the Influence on Foreign Policy
		Research Design
		The Case of the LN
			Relation to Alterity and Exteriority in Foreign Policy
			The European Union as Other
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: Latin American Populist Leaders and the International Stage: Analysing Their Belief Systems
		Introduction
		The Micro-Foundations of Populist Leaders’ Behaviour in Foreign Policy
		Theoretical Foundations of Operational Code Analysis
		Method
		Results and Discussion
			Philosophical Beliefs
			Instrumental Beliefs
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7: When Populist Friends Abroad Hurt You at Home: How Populist Leaders in Italy and the Netherlands Coped with the Russian-Ukrainian War
		Introduction
		Populists’ Adapting to Change: Theoretical Insights
		Case Selection
		Italy
			Populists and Putin Before the War
			Italian Populist Parties and Putin During the War
		The Netherlands
			Populists and Russia Before the War
			Dutch Populists, Russia, and Ukraine
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 8: Crisis Populism: The Thick Ideological Core of Populist Politics in Turkey
		Introduction
		Thin or Thick Populists
		Characteristics of Contemporary Turkish Populism
			Cultural Populism
			Economic Populism
			Foreign Policy Populism
			Immigration Versus Populism
		A Clash of Populisms—The Evolution of Turkish Populism in Crisis
			The More They Change, the More They Stay the Same
		Conclusions: Declining Populists Through Thick and Thin
		References
	Chapter 9: The End of the World Is Always Better in Theory: The Strained Relationship Between Populist Radical Right Parties and the State-of-Crisis Narrative
		Introduction
		The Finns Party
		The Sweden Democrats
		The Emergence (and Surprising Persistence) of a ‘New’ Corrupt Elite
		The Emergence (and Rapid Decline) of a ‘New’ Corrupt Elite
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 10: Saying the Unspeakable: Populism, Performance and the Politics of Covid-19
		Introduction
		Political Communication, Performance and Populism
		Chauvinistic Populism and the Crisis of Covid-19
		President Trump: Chauvinistic Populism at a Global Level
			Superiority of the True People and Blame Toward Others
			Contempt for Institutions and Technocratic Response
			Invocation of Mystic Knowledge and Folklore
			Indifference to Suffering and Death
		Narendra Modi: The Hindutva Pivot
			India’s Pandemic Response
		Jair Bolsonaro: Latin America’s “Tropical Trump”
			Brazil’s Pandemic Response
			Superiority of the True People and Blame Toward Others
			Contempt for Institutions and Technocratic Response
			Invocation of Mystic Knowledge and Folklore
			Indifference to Suffering and Death
		Conclusion: Chauvinistic Populism in Dark Times
		References
Part II: The Impact of Populist Communication on International Politics
	Chapter 11: Performing the Populist Repertoire on the Global Stage: A Critical Approach to IR and Populist Communication
		Introduction
		Populism as a Political Style
		Populism’s Interdisciplinarity: Performance, Repertoire and Performativity
		The Three Clusters of the Populist Repertoire
		Populist Performances of Identity
		Collective Performances of Identity: the People and the Elite
			Performing the People on the Global Stage
			Performing the Elite on the Global Stage
		Individual Performances of Identity: the Populist Leader
			Populist Performances of Self on the Global Stage
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 12: Populist Bullshit in International Politics
		Bullshit, Populism and Populist Bullshit
		Populist Bullshit in Foreign Policy and International Relations
			Populist Bullshit and Foreign Policy Conduct
			Populist Bullshit and International Outcomes
		Challenges to Studying Populist Bullshit in International Politics
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 13: Populism Beyond Borders: Modi’s Discursive Strategy with the Indian Diaspora in the United States of America
		Introduction
		Modi and Populism in India
		The Indian Diaspora in the US
		Diaspora Engagement
		Analysis of Modi’s Interaction with Indian Americans
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 14: International Constellations of the Populist Radical-Right: An Analysis of Jair Bolsonaro’s International Speeches (2019–2020)
		Introduction
		Populism and Brazil: Jair Bolsonaro
		Methodology
			Results
			Quantitative Analysis: National vs. International Speeches
			Qualitative Analysis: International Speeches
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 15: Populists’ Foreign Policy Rhetoric: More Confrontational, Less Consensual?
		Introduction
		Theoretical Framework
		Methodology
		Dogs that Bark a Lot: Empirical Findings from India, Italy, the Philippines, and Turkey
			General Trends
			Worsening Relations
			Strategy and Salience: Where Populism Matters—And Where It Doesn’t
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 16: Transatlantic Diplomacy in the Age of Populism: A Story of Resilience?
		Introduction
		Populism and Diplomacy: A Set of Fundamental Incompatibilities
			The Clash Between the Ideational Component of Populism and Diplomacy
			The Clash Between the Discursive/Performative Dimensions of Populism and Diplomacy
		The Impact of Populist Communication on the Diplomatic Practice of Dialogue: Transatlantic Dialogues Under the Trump Administration
			Methodology
			Main Findings
			Trump’s Communication in the Transatlantic Context as a Populist Discursive Frame
			Changes in the Quality of EU-US Dialogues: From the Advancement of Substantive Cooperation to Clarification and Reassurance
			Change in the Quantity of Dialogues: ‘Let’s Engage, Engage, Engage!’
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 17: Populist Humiliation Narratives and the Mobilization of Resistance
		Introduction
		The Populist Imaginary of Greatness and Carnage
		Shared Humiliation as Affective Mobilization Device
		Narrative Mobilization and the Politics of Populist Resistance
		Conclusion
		References
Index