Politeness (Key Topics in Sociolinguistics)

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Dedication......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
CHARACTERISING POLITE BEHAVIOUR......Page 17
POLITE AND IMPOLITE BEHAVIOUR......Page 21
THE DISCURSIVE DISPUTE OVER POLITENESS......Page 24
POLITENESS AND POLITENESS......Page 25
THE TERMS ‘POLITE’ AND ‘POLITENESS’......Page 28
POLITIC BEHAVIOUR, (IM)POLITENESS AND RELATIONAL WORK......Page 33
THE STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK......Page 40
WHAT IS FIRST-ORDER (IM)POLITENESS?......Page 43
FIRST-ORDER AND SECOND-ORDER POLITENESS: A REPRISE......Page 46
THE ETYMOLOGICAL ORIGINS OF THE TERMS ‘POLITE’ AND ‘POLITENESS’......Page 48
THE HISTORICAL RELATIVITY OF FIRST-ORDER POLITENESS: POLITENESS IN WESTERN EUROPE FROM THE SIXTEENTH TO THE NINETEENTH…......Page 50
POLITENESS AND THE SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM: POLITENESS AND ‘STANDARD ENGLISH’......Page 57
THEORISING ABOUT POLITENESS......Page 63
DEFINITIONS OF SECOND-ORDER POLITENESS......Page 65
PREPRAGMATIC APPROACHES TO LINGUISTIC POLITENESS......Page 69
GRICE’S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE......Page 72
POLITENESS AS CONFLICT AVOIDANCE: LAKOFF’S CONVERSATIONAL-MAXIM APPROACH......Page 74
LEECH’S ‘GRAND ’SCHEME: A MODEL OF GENERAL PRAGMATICS......Page 79
POLITENESS AS A CULTURALLY CONSTRUCTED CONCEPT......Page 86
SOCIAL POLITENESS, INTERPERSONAL POLITENESS AND TACT......Page 91
THE CONVERSATIONAL CONTRACT THEORY OF POLITENESS......Page 94
DISCERNMENT VS VOLITION: THE JAPANESE NOTION OF WAKIMAE......Page 97
BROWN AND LEVINSON’S THEORY OF POLITENESS: POLITENESS AS THE MINIMISATION OF FACE-LOSS......Page 101
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES......Page 104
CONTEXTUALISING FACEWORK STRATEGIES......Page 109
SOCIO-CULTURAL VARIABLES IN BROWN AND LEVINSON’S MODEL......Page 111
POST-BROWN AND LEVINSON (1987) RESEARCH INTO POLITENESS......Page 114
CULTURAL RELATIVITY VERSUS UNIVERSALITY OF POLITENESS......Page 115
CRITICISM OF BROWN AND LEVINSON’S DUALISTIC NOTION OF ‘FACE’......Page 117
GOFFMAN’S AND BROWN AND LEVINSON’S NOTIONS OF ‘FACE’......Page 119
REINTERPRETING BROWN AND LEVINSON......Page 123
WERKHOFER’S CRITICISM OF BROWN AND LEVINSON......Page 126
THE SCOPE OF POLITENESS......Page 133
THE NOTION OF ‘FACE’......Page 135
GOFFMAN’S CONCEPT OF FACE......Page 137
LINES, FACES AND FACEWORK......Page 141
POLITENESS IN FACEWORK......Page 145
NON-SUPPORTIVE FACEWORK......Page 149
POLITENESS AND MONEY......Page 158
BOURDIEU’S ‘THEORY OF PRACTICE’......Page 163
LINGUISTIC RESOURCES AS A FORM OF CAPITAL......Page 167
THE CONCEPT OF ‘EMERGENT NETWORK’......Page 169
POLITIC BEHAVIOUR, FACEWORK AND (IM)POLITENESS......Page 172
(IM)POLITENESS AS AN ASPECT OF THE THEORY OF PRACTICE......Page 176
RECOGNISING POLITIC AND POLITE BEHAVIOUR......Page 177
FORMULAIC AND SEMI-FORMULAIC EXPRESSIONS OF LINGUISTIC POLITENESS......Page 184
IDEATIONAL AND INTERPERSONAL MEANING: PROPOSITIONAL AND PROCEDURAL MEANING......Page 188
GRAMMATICALISATION AND PRAGMATICALISATION......Page 192
EXPRESSIONS OF PROCEDURAL MEANING......Page 196
TAXONOMIES OF POLITENESS STRUCTURES......Page 198
FORMULAIC, RITUALISED EPMs......Page 202
SEMI-FORMULAIC EPMs: FORMS OF INDIRECTNESS......Page 205
POLITENESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER......Page 217
THE GRICEAN BASIS OF LAKOFF, LEECH AND BROWN AND LEVINSON......Page 219
SPERBER AND WILSON’S RELEVANCE THEORY......Page 224
POWER AND THE EXERCISE OF POWER......Page 229
INTRODUCTION......Page 233
CONFRONTATIONAL DISCOURSE......Page 234
PUBLIC, COOPERATIVE DISCOURSE......Page 248
CONCLUSION......Page 263
EMPIRICAL WORK ON LINGUISTIC POLITENESS......Page 266
A NEW APPROACH TO AN OLD PROBLEM......Page 268
POLITIC BEHAVIOUR, FACEWORK AND (IM)POLITENESS REVISITED......Page 272
THE ‘UNIVERSAL’ NATURE OF THE MODEL AND ITS POSSIBLE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 277
1 Introducing linguistic politeness......Page 280
2 Politeness through time and across cultures......Page 281
3 Modelling linguistic politeness (I)......Page 282
4 Modelling linguistic politeness (II): Brown and Levinson and their critics......Page 283
6 A social model of politeness......Page 285
7 Structures of linguistic politeness......Page 286
8 Relevance Theory and concepts of power......Page 287
10 Politic behaviour and politeness within a theory of social practice......Page 288
Glossary of terms......Page 289
References......Page 295
Index......Page 315