Poisoning by plants, mycotoxins, and related toxins

Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 11
Dedications......Page 12
Overview......Page 19
1 Caatinga of northeastern Brazil: vegetation and floristic aspects......Page 20
2 Toxic plants and mycotoxins affecting cattle and sheep in Uruguay......Page 43
3 Poisoning by plants, mycotoxins, and algae in Argentinian livestock......Page 53
4 Toxic plants of Cuba......Page 61
5 Toxic plants affecting grazing cattle in Colombia......Page 68
6 Poisonous plants affecting livestock in Central America, with emphasis on Panama......Page 78
7 Plant Poisonings in Mato Grosso do Sul......Page 86
8 Poisonous plants affecting sheep in southern Brazil......Page 91
9 Toxic plants of the State of Piauí, northeastern Brazil......Page 97
10 Poisonous plants affecting ruminants in southern Brazil......Page 105
11 Recently diagnosed poisonous plants in the Cariri Region, State of Paraíba, Brazil......Page 109
12 Poisonous plants on dairy farms of the Caparaó Microregion, Espírito Santo State, Brazil......Page 114
13 Ornamental toxic plant species sold in Campina Grande’s market, Paraíba, Brazil......Page 119
14 Toxic plants grown in gardens in Alto Branco, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil......Page 123
The Liver......Page 127
15 Brachiaria spp. poisoning in sheep in Brazil: experimental and epidemiological findings......Page 128
16 Variation in saponin concentration in Brachiaria brizantha leaves as a function of maturation: preliminary data......Page 136
17 Lectin histochemistry on sections of liver and hepatic lymph nodes from sheep grazing on Brachiaria spp.......Page 142
18 Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil......Page 147
19 Practical rules for the differentiation between Brachiaria spp. poisoning and pithomycotoxicosis......Page 151
20 Measurement of steroidal saponins in Panicum and Brachiaria grasses in the USA and Brazil......Page 160
21 Acute poisoning by Crotalaria spectabilis seeds in pigs of Mato Grosso State, Brazil......Page 166
22 Possible association between precipitation and incidence of Senecio spp. poisoning in cattle in southern Brazil......Page 172
23 Phenology of Senecio spp. and vegetation cover in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil......Page 176
24 Nutritional implications of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis......Page 181
25 Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil......Page 193
26 Seasonal variation in pyrrolizidine alkaloid concentration and plant development in Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (Asteraceae) in Brazil......Page 197
27 Buffalo calves intoxicated with Ageratum houstonianum Mill.......Page 204
28 Evaluation of immunotoxic properties of Senecio brasiliensis: study of toxicity in rats......Page 208
29 Hepatic biopsy as a diagnostic tool for detecting Senecio spp. poisoning in live cattle......Page 212
30 Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Uruguay......Page 216
31 Risks from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids for livestock and meat quality in northern Australia......Page 226
32 Effects of dietary pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids on copper and vitamin A tissue concentrations in Japanese quail......Page 233
33 Poisoning by Cycas revoluta in dogs in Brazil......Page 239
34 Natural and experimental poisoning of bovines by Cestrum corymbosum Schltdl. in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil......Page 245
35 Trema micrantha Poisoning in Domestic Herbivores......Page 249
Reproductive System......Page 253
36 Plants teratogenic to livestock in the United States......Page 254
37 Dose-response evaluation of Veratrum californicum in sheep......Page 261
38 Toxic effects of Ipomoea carnea on placental tissue of rats......Page 269
39 Chronic heart failure and abortion caused by Tetrapterys spp. in cattle in Brazil......Page 274
40 Effects of Senna occidentalis seeds ingested during gestation on kid behavior......Page 282
41 Evaluation of the abortifacient effect of Luffa acutangula Roxb. in rats......Page 288
42 Experimental studies of poisoning by Aspidosperma pyrifolium......Page 292
43 Determination of teratogenic effects of Aspidosperma pyrifolium ethanolic extract in rats......Page 298
44 Effects of gossypol present in cottonseed cake on spermatogenesis in sheep......Page 303
Nervous System......Page 307
45 Poisonous plants affecting the nervous system in horses in Brazil......Page 308
46 Rational uses of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) and the importance of spontaneous poisoning by the pods in ruminants from Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil......Page 313
47 Neonate behavior in goats is affected by maternal ingestion of Ipomoea carnea......Page 320
48 The comparative pathology of locoweed poisoning in horses and other livestock......Page 327
49 Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) poisoning in herbivores in Rio Grande do Sul......Page 329
50 The guinea pig as an animal model for a-mannosidosis......Page 333
51 Poisoning by Solanum paniculatum of cattle in the State of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil......Page 338
52 The diagnostic significance of detecting Rathayibacter toxicus in the rumen contents and feces of sheep that may be affected by annual ryegrass toxicity......Page 343
53 Annual ryegrass toxicity in sheep is not prevented by administration of cyclodextrin via controlled release devices......Page 349
54 Secondary toxicity from the ingestion of meat, offal or milk from animals consuming corynetoxins is unlikely......Page 355
55 Metabolism of the endophyte toxin lolitrem B in cattle liver microsomes......Page 361
Toxic Plants Affecting Other Systems......Page 366
56 Further investigations of Xanthoparmelia toxicity in ruminants......Page 367
57 Administration of Senna occidentalis seeds to juvenile rats: effects on hematological parameters and immune lymphoid organs......Page 373
58 Mascagnia exotropica poisoning in ruminants......Page 380
59 Relationship between a Peculiar Form of Hydropic-Vacuolar Degeneration of the Distal Convolute Tubules, Monofluoroacetate Poisoning, and Plants that Cause ‘Sudden Death’ in Brazil......Page 383
60 Poisoning by Mascagnia rigida in goats and sheep......Page 391
61 Hematological, Biochemical, and Urinary Alterations of Enzootic Bovine Hematuria in Dairy Cows in the Caparaó Microregion, Espírito Santo State, Brazil......Page 395
62 Upper urinary tract lesions associated with enzootic bovine hematuria......Page 402
63 Similarities between non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in bovine enzootic hematuria and those induced by radiotherapy in humans......Page 406
64 Immunosuppression induced by Pteridium aquilinum facilitates the development of lung carcinogenesis......Page 414
65 Outbreak of acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle......Page 420
66 Immunosuppressive effects of Pteridium aquilinum on natural killer cells of mice and its prevention with selenium......Page 424
67 Toxic Nephrosis in Cattle from Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil Associated with the Ingestion of Thiloa glaucocarpa......Page 430
68 Osteolathyrism in calves in Uruguay......Page 434
69 Cyanide toxicity and interference with diet selection in quail......Page 438
70 Toxicity to honey bees from pollen from several plants in northeastern Brazil......Page 444
71 Vetch (Vicia villosa) poisoning in cattle in the State of Santa Catarina......Page 448
72 Baccharis pteronioides toxicity......Page 451
73 Toxicity of Dieffenbachia spp. with a focus on livestock poisoning......Page 455
74 Morphological, morphometric, and histochemical analysis of the large intestine of rabbits intoxicated with Solanum glaucophyllum (duraznillo blanco)......Page 459
75 Enzootic calcinosis of sheep in Uruguay......Page 466
76 Enzootic calcinosis in ruminants from central Brazil......Page 470
77 Radiographic monitoring of lesions induced by Solanum malacoxylon (Solanaceae) poisoning in rabbits......Page 476
78 Spontaneous intoxication by Solanum malacoxylon in Bubalus bubalis in northern pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil......Page 480
79 Experimental poisoning by Nierembergia rivularis in sheep of Uruguay......Page 483
80 Spontaneous nitrate/nitrite poisoning in cattle fed with oats (Avena sativa) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil......Page 487
81 Poisoning of sheep by shells of Jatropha curcas seeds......Page 490
82 Toxicology study of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. in rats......Page 495
Mycotoxins and Other Toxins......Page 499
83 Changes in carbohydrate expression in the cervical spinal cord of mice intoxicated with perivitellin PV2 from Pomacea canaliculata......Page 500
84 Zearalenone: an estrogenic mycotoxin with immunotoxic effects......Page 507
85 Ethanol poisoning in cattle by ingestion of waste beer yeast in Brazil......Page 512
86 Immunotoxic and toxic evaluation of subchronic exposure to saxitoxin in rats......Page 517
87 Geitlerinema unigranulatum (cyanobacteria) extract induces alterations in microcirculation and ischemic injury......Page 522
88 Production of a saxitoxin standard from cyanobacteria......Page 528
89 Differential diagnosis between plant poisonings and snakebites in cattle in Brazil......Page 533
90 The use of the guinea pig model in detecting diplodiosis, a neuromycotoxicosis of ruminants......Page 538
Toxic Compounds and Chemical Methods......Page 542
91 Acute toxicity of selenium compounds commonly found in seleniumaccumulator plants......Page 543
92 Agricultural and pharmaceutical applications of Chilean soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria) saponins......Page 550
93 Concentration and effect in mice of the essential oil pulegone from Mentha pulegium, a suspected toxic plant in eastern Uruguay......Page 553
94 Effect of MDL-type alkaloids on tall larkspur toxicosis......Page 558
95 LC/MS/MS analysis of the daphnane orthoester simplexin in poisonous Pimelea species of Australian rangelands......Page 568
96 The physiological effects and toxicokinetics of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) alkaloids in cattle......Page 575
97 Lupine-induced ‘crooked calf disease’ in Washington and Oregon: identification of the alkaloid profiles of Lupinus sericeus, Lupinus sulphureus, and Lupinus leucophyllus......Page 584
98 Comparative study of monocrotaline toxicity on peritoneal macrophage activity when dosed for 14 or 28 days......Page 590
99 Effects of lantadenes on mitochondrial bioenergetics......Page 595
100 Determination of the relative toxicity of enantiomers with cell- based assays......Page 599
101 Rotenoids, neurotoxic principles of seeds from Aeschynomene indica (Leguminosae)......Page 606
102 Chemistry of Dieffenbachia picta......Page 611
103 Alkaloid profiles of Mimosa tenuiflora and associated methods of analysis......Page 618
104 Distribution of Delphinium occidentale chemotypes and their potential toxicity......Page 624
Control Measures......Page 630
105 Conditioned aversion induced by Baccharis coridifolia in sheep and cattle......Page 631
106 A potential krimpsiekte vaccine......Page 635
107 Environmental effects on concentrations of plant secondary compounds: finding a healthy balance......Page 641
108 Maintaining aversion to Geigeria ornativa (vermeerbos) in sheep by means of continuous exposure to an aversive mixture presented in a self-feeder......Page 649
109 Conditioned flavor aversion and location avoidance in hamsters from toxic extract of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi)......Page 655
110 Conditioning taste aversion to Mascagnia rigida (Malpighiaceae) in sheep......Page 661
111 Amended method of averting cattle to yellow tulp (Moraea pallida)......Page 666
Herbals......Page 672
112 Reproductive study of Chenopodium ambrosioides aqueous extract in rats......Page 673
113 Investigation of Cereus jamacaru ethanol extract effects in rats......Page 678
114 Marketing of boldo (Plectranthus neochilium and Peumus boldus Molina) by salesmen of medical plants in Campina Grande, Paraíba......Page 684
115 Evaluation of hemolytic and spasmolytic activities of Sargassum polyceratium Montagne (Sargassaceae)......Page 688
116 Investigation of Hemolytic and Spasmolytic Activities of the Total Alkaloid Fraction from Root Bark of Solanum paludosum Moric. (Solanaceae)......Page 694
117 Hemolytic and spasmolytic assays of Solanum asterophorum Mart. (Solanaceae)......Page 701
118 Evaluation of the cytotoxic and spasmolytic activities of Solanum asperum Rich. (Solanaceae)......Page 709
119 Chemical analysis of toxic principles in preparations of Ruta graveolens and Petiveria alliacea......Page 716
120 Antimicrobial effect of an extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus......Page 723
121 Evaluation of hepatotoxicity induced by Piper methysticum......Page 727
122 Toxic effects of Baccharis trimera on pregnant rats and their conceptuses......Page 731
123 Toxicity in mice of the total alkaloid fraction of Chondrodendron platyphyllum......Page 738
124 Evaluation of anticholinesterasic activity of strain SPC 920 – Geitlerinema unigranulatum (Oscillatoriales, cyanobacteria)......Page 743
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