Pois nao: Brazilian Portuguese Course for Spanish Speakers, with Basic Reference Grammar

Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 20
Acknowledgments......Page 24
Introduction......Page 28
0.1.1 False Cognates: "Eu Não Falo Português" by Daniel Samper Pizano......Page 29
0.1.2 False Cognates: Word List......Page 32
0.1.3 Common Mistakes......Page 35
0.1.4 Mopho-Syntactic Differences: Preliminary Remarks......Page 37
0.2 The Sound Systems of Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese......Page 39
0.2.1 Some Consonant Features: b, d, g; "S" in Syllable Final Position......Page 40
0.2.2 The Oral Vowels: Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese......Page 41
0.2.3 The Nasal Vowels: Brazilian Portuguese......Page 43
0.3 The Consonants: Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese......Page 44
0.3.1 Summary of Sounds of Brazilian Portuguese That Are Not Part of the Inventory of Spanish Sounds......Page 45
0.3.1.2 Comparison of Spanish ll  and ñ  with Portuguese lh  and nh......Page 46
0.4 Names of the Alphabet Letters; Phonetic Symbols......Page 47
0.5 Diacritics, Hyphen and Other Symbols......Page 50
0.7 Accentuation......Page 52
0.8.1 Useful Expressions for Classroom Activities......Page 55
0.8.4 Introductions (Apresentações), Reactions (Reações)......Page 56
0.9 Short Dialogues Using the Preceding Expressions......Page 57
0.11 Dictation......Page 59
0.12 Brazilian Popular Music (Música Popular Brasileira – MPB)......Page 60
UNIT 1. PRIMEIROS CONTATOS......Page 62
1.1 Dialogue: O Primeiro Dia na Universidade......Page 63
1.2.2 Present Tense......Page 66
1.3.1 Nine Simplified Rules of Pronunciation......Page 70
1.3.3 The Vowels /e/ and /ε/, /o/ and /ø/......Page 73
1.3.3.1 Auditory Identification......Page 74
1.3.3.2  VISUAL Identification of Brazilian Portuguese Sounds......Page 76
Trava-língua – O Malandro......Page 77
1.3.4 The Vowels /i/ and /ĩ/......Page 79
1.3.5 Pronunciation of [ i] and [ i]......Page 81
1.4.1 Spanish Stem-Changing Verbs and Their Portuguese Counterparts......Page 83
1.4.2 Spanish Stem-Changing Nouns and Their Portuguese Counterparts......Page 84
1.5 Primeiros Contatos......Page 86
1.5.2 Forms of Address......Page 87
1.6 The Negative......Page 91
1.7.1 Definite Articles......Page 92
1.7.2 Indefinite Articles......Page 93
1.8.1 Gender......Page 94
1.8.2 Plurals......Page 95
1.9 Dictation......Page 97
1.10 Translation......Page 98
1.11.1 Spelling, Accentuation, Plurals......Page 99
1.12 Song: "O Estrangeiro" (1989) by Caetano Veloso......Page 100
1.13 Carrying On – Drills on Communicative Competence......Page 103
Nicknames (Port. apelidos, Span. apodos)......Page 104
Semantic Fields......Page 105
1.14 Active Vocabulary......Page 108
UNIT 2. VAMOS SAIR UM POUCO......Page 114
2.1 Dialogue: No Restaurante......Page 115
2.2.1 Present Tense, Indicative Mode......Page 118
2.2.2 A Comparison of Ser, Estar and Ficar......Page 119
2.2.3 Ser, Estar  and Ficar : More......Page 121
2.2.4 Agreement with Ser......Page 123
2.3.1 Pronunciation Review: /e/ and /ε/, /o/ and /ø/......Page 128
2.3.2 Pronunciation: /a/ and /ã/, /s/ and /z/......Page 129
2.3.3.1 VISUAL Identification of Brazilian Portuguese Sounds......Page 131
2.3.3.2 Sounds [e] and [ε], [o] and [ø], [z] and [ã]......Page 132
2.4.1 Obligatory Combinations (Definite Articles)......Page 133
2.4.2 Optional Combinations (Indefinite Articles)......Page 134
2.5.1 Present Tense, Indicative Mode: Ir, Ir + Infinitive......Page 136
2.5.2 Present Tense, Indicative Mode: Pôr, Querer, Ter, Vir......Page 137
2.6.1 Diminutives......Page 139
2.6.2 Augmentatives......Page 140
2.7.1 Interrogatives......Page 141
2.7.3 Word Order......Page 142
2.8.2 Superlatives......Page 144
2.8.3 Comparatives and Superlatives of bom (Span. bueno), mau (Span. malo), grande (Span. grande) and pequeno (Span. pequeño)......Page 146
2.9 Cardinal Numbers: 0–29......Page 147
2.9.1 Related Words......Page 149
2.10.1 Common Combinations with Estar com and Ficar com......Page 150
2.12 Translation......Page 152
2.13 Diversões, Bate-Bola e Pipoca Quentinha......Page 153
2.14 Song: "Soy Loco por Ti, América" (1967) by Gilberto Gil and José Carlos Capinam......Page 155
2.15 Carrying On – Drills on Communicative Competence......Page 157
2.16 Active Vocabulary......Page 164
UNIT 3. ENTRE FAMILIARES E AMIGOS......Page 172
3.1 Dialogue: Dando um Telefonema......Page 173
3.2.1 Dar, Dizer, Fazer, Medir, Ouvir, Pedir, Poder, Trazer, Saber......Page 176
3.2.2 Verbs Ending in -cer......Page 178
3.3 Pronunciation: /u/, /ũ/; /š/, /ž/; -m Endings......Page 179
3.3.2 /š/ and /ũ/......Page 180
3.3.3 -m Ending......Page 181
"Poema das Sete Faces" (1930) by Carlos Drummond de Andrade......Page 182
"Na chácara do Chico Bolacha" (1964) by Cecília Meireles......Page 183
3.4 Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns......Page 185
3.4.1 Adjectives......Page 186
3.4.2 Pronouns......Page 187
3.5.2 Por que, Porque, Por quê  and Porquê......Page 189
3.6 Cardinal Numbers: 30–99......Page 190
3.7.1 Spelling Changes: Portuguese g, gu and j → [g] and [ž]......Page 193
3.7.2 Spelling Changes: Portuguese c/ç, qu/c → [s] and [k]......Page 194
3.8 Dictation......Page 195
3.9 Translation......Page 196
3.10 Diversões, Bate-Bola e Pipoca Quentinha......Page 197
3.11 Song: "Pedro Pedreiro" (1965) by Chico Buarque......Page 200
3.12 Carrying On – Drills on Communicative Competence......Page 201
3.13 Active Vocabulary......Page 206
UNIT 4. FANTASIAS, SONHOS E REALIDADES......Page 210
4.1 Reading: "O Menino Maluquinho" by Ziraldo (Alves Pinto)......Page 211
4.2 Indicative Mode, Past and Present......Page 213
4.2.1 Past: Preterite of Regular Verbs......Page 214
4.2.2 Past: Imperfect of Regular Verbs......Page 215
4.2.3 Past: Preterite and Imperfect: Ser, Ir, Estar, Poder, Ter......Page 216
4.3.1 /e/ and / /......Page 219
4.3.2 /l/, /r/ and /R/......Page 220
4.3.3 Auditory Identification......Page 222
4.3.4 VIDEOS – Lip and Facial Gestures......Page 223
"Pregão do Vendedor de Lima" and "A Lua é do Raul" (1964), by Cecília Meireles......Page 225
4.4.1 Telling Time......Page 226
4.4.2 Days of the Week, Months, Special Vocabulary......Page 228
4.4.3 Fazer  and Haver......Page 230
4.4.4 Weather and Time with Ser, Estar, Fazer  and Haver......Page 231
"Ou Isto ou Aquilo" (1964) by Cecília Meireles......Page 233
4.5.1 Combinations with Em  and De......Page 234
4.6.1 Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions......Page 235
4.7 Cardinal Numbers: 100 – 1,000,000......Page 236
4.8 Spelling: Letters a, e, é, i, o, ó, u; p, b, t, d, f, v......Page 239
4.10 Translation......Page 240
4.12 Diversões, Bate-Bola e Pipoca Quentinha......Page 241
4.12.1 Subjunctive Sem Estresse......Page 243
4.13 Song: "A Banda" (1966) by Chico Buarque......Page 244
4.14 Carrying On—Drills on Communicative Competence......Page 247
4.15 Active Vocabulary: Measurements, Numbers, Interrogatives, Expressions of Time; General......Page 249
UNIT 5. GESTOS LINGUISTICOS E CULTURAIS......Page 254
5.1 Reading: A Capoeira e o Berimbau......Page 255
5.2.1 Past: Preterite......Page 259
5.2.2 Past: Imperfect: Pôr, Vir, Haver......Page 261
5.2.3 Present Tense, Mode Indicative of Servir, Repetir, Dormir, Tossir  and Seguir......Page 262
5.3 Pronunciation: Schwa, Lengthening and Diphthong......Page 263
5.3.1 Vowel Reduction (schwa) and Lengthening (diphthongization)......Page 264
5.3.2 Brazilian Portuguese Diphthongs and Their Spanish and English Equivalents......Page 265
5.3.3 Auditory Identification......Page 266
5.3.4 Pronunciation: Linking Cases......Page 268
5.4.1 Human Body......Page 270
5.4.2 Expressions Referring to Body Parts......Page 272
5.5 Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns: Usage and Placement......Page 274
5.5.1 Placement and Usage of Pronouns: A Quick Reference Guide......Page 275
5.5.2 Usage of Unstressed Pronouns: Detailed Presentation......Page 277
5.5.3.1 Finding the Direct and Indirect Pronouns......Page 278
5.5.3.2 The Written (Careful) and Spoken (Informal) Languages......Page 280
5.6 Ordinal Numbers: 1–1,000......Page 286
5.7 Spelling: Nasalization with m, n, nh and ~......Page 288
5.8 Dictation......Page 289
5.10 Writing Drills: Letters and Messages......Page 290
5.11 Diversões, Bate-Bola e Pipoca Quentinha......Page 293
5.11.1 Subjunctive Sem Estresse......Page 295
5.12 Song: "Meu Caro Amigo" (1976) by Chico Buarque and Francis Hime......Page 296
5.13 Carrying On—Drills on Communicative Competence......Page 298
 5.14 Active Vocabulary......Page 300
UNIT 6. CRONICAS BRASILEIRAS......Page 304
6. Uma Olhada Rápida nos Povos que Formaram o Brasil......Page 305
6.1 Reading: "O Turco" by Fernando Sabino......Page 306
6.2.1 Simple Past Perfect......Page 308
6.2.2 Compounds: Present and Past Perfect......Page 309
6.2.3 Present Perfect......Page 310
6.2.4 Past Perfect......Page 314
6.3.1 More Review of Open and Closed Vowels......Page 315
6.3.2 Stops /b, d, g/......Page 316
6.4.1 Mesmo in Emphatic Constructions......Page 318
6.4.3 Até......Page 320
6.4.4 Mas, Mais, Más......Page 321
6.5 Spelling: The Letter x......Page 322
6.6. Os "Turcos" e Outros Povos do Brasil......Page 323
6.7 Dictation......Page 325
6.9 Writing Drills......Page 326
6.10 Diversões, Bate-Bola e Pipoca Quentinha......Page 327
6.10.1 Placement of Object Pronouns......Page 328
6.10.2 Subjunctive Sem Estresse......Page 329
6.11 Songs: "No Dia em Que Eu Vim-me Embora" and "Sampa" by Caetano Veloso......Page 330
6.12 Carrying On—Drills on Communicative Competence......Page 332
6.13 Active Vocabulary......Page 333
UNIT 7. AS VIAGENS......Page 334
7.1 Reading: Férias de Natal e Ano Novo......Page 335
7.2.1 Simple Future......Page 337
7.2.2 "Future of the Preterite" (Conditional)......Page 339
7.2.3 Simple Present: Verbs Ending in -ear, -iar, -uir......Page 341
7.2.4 Simple Present: Perder, Valer, Caber, Seguir......Page 342
7.3.1 /v/ and /b/......Page 343
7.3.2 Stress Differences......Page 344
7.4 Feira, Férias, Feriado......Page 346
7.5.2 Symbols of Brazil: The Ipê Amarelo and Sabiá......Page 347
7.6 Expressions Using Embora and Saudade......Page 349
7.7 The Personal Infinitive......Page 350
7.8 Spelling: s, ss, ç, z; –isar  or –izar......Page 352
7.9 Dictation......Page 353
7.11 Writing Drill: Composition......Page 354
7.12 Diversões, Bate-Bola e Pipoca Quentinha......Page 355
7.12.1 Subjunctive Sem Estresse......Page 357
7.13 Song: “San Vicente” (1972) by Milton Nascimento and Fernando Brandt......Page 359
7.14 Carrying On—Drills on Communicative Competence......Page 360
7.15 Active Vocabulary......Page 361
UNIT 8. CUIDANDO DOS FILHOS, DA VIDA E DA COZINHA......Page 366
8.1 Reading: "Hora de Dormir" by Fernando Sabino......Page 367
8.2.1 Reflexive Verbs, Spanish Se le  Sentences and Similar Ones......Page 370
8.2.2 Uses of Impersonal Se......Page 378
8.2.3 Uses of (a) Gente......Page 380
8.2.4 Passive Voice, Past Participle......Page 381
8.2.5 Estar  with Past Participle......Page 385
8.3.1 /e/ and /ε/; /o/ and /ø/......Page 386
8.4 Negations: Não, Nunca, Nenhum, Nenhuma, Ninguém, Nada, Nem; Absolutamente, Em Absoluto......Page 388
8.4.4 Nem......Page 389
8.4.5 Absolutamente, Em Absoluto......Page 390
8.5 Todo(s), Toda(s), Tudo; Todo (o) Dia......Page 391
8.6 Reading – Cuidando da Vida: "Olê, Olá" (1965) by Chico Buarque......Page 392
8.7.1 Irregular Forms: Imperative......Page 394
8.8 Reading – Carpe diem (Cuidando da Vida e da Cozinha): "Feijoada Completa" (1977) by Chico Buarque......Page 395
8.8.1 Vocabulary for Food: Portuguese-Spanish-English......Page 397
8.11 Translation......Page 400
8.12 Diversões, Bate-Bola e Pipoca Quentinha......Page 402
8.12.1 Subjunctive Sem Estresse......Page 403
8.13 Songs: "O Meu Guri" (1981) by Chico Buarque and Francis Hime......Page 405
8.14 Carrying On—Drills on Communicative Competence......Page 407
8.15 Active Vocabulary......Page 409
UNIT 9. CULTURA E DIVERSOES POPULARES......Page 414
9.1 Reading: As Grandes Festas do Povo......Page 415
"Atrás do Trio Elétrico" (1969) by Caetano Veloso......Page 416
9.2 Subjunctive: General Remarks......Page 418
9.2.1 Subjunctive Mode, Present......Page 420
9.3.1 Infinitive Instead of the Present Subjunctive or Indicative......Page 424
9.3.2 Infinitives in Spanish and Portuguese Compared......Page 427
9.4 Comparisons: Adjectives and Adverbs......Page 428
9.5 Reading: "Matemática" by Luís Fernando Veríssimo......Page 429
9.6.1 Past Tense of the Subjunctive......Page 432
9.6.2 Subjunctive vs Indicative in If-Clauses......Page 434
9.6.3 Future Subjunctive......Page 435
9.6.4 Adverbial Conjunctions – Indicative or Subjunctive: A Summary......Page 438
9.6.5 Adverbial Conjunctions followed by the Subjunctive or Indicative......Page 439
9.6.6 Future Subjunctive: Portuguese and Spanish Compared......Page 440
9.7 Diversões, Bate-Bola e Pipoca Quentinha......Page 441
9.8.1 Cohesion – Linking Words, Connectors......Page 442
9.8.2 Cantigas de Roda......Page 444
9.9 Active Vocabulary......Page 445
Appendixes......Page 448
Appendix-1 – Phonetic Symbols......Page 450
Vowels in Brazilian Portuguese......Page 451
Diphthongs in Brazilian Portuguese......Page 452
Appendix-2 – The Alphabet......Page 454
Consonant Clusters......Page 455
Lexical Notation: Portuguese Diacritics, Hyphen and Other Symbols......Page 456
Accentuation in Brazilian Portuguese – português-padrão......Page 457
Rules of Accentuation Based on Native Speaker's Intuition......Page 459
Divergences Between Portugal and Brazil Due to Different Pronunciation of Open and Closed Vowels......Page 461
Syllabication......Page 462
Spelling Reform or Reforma Ortográfica (2008)......Page 463
Reading Aloud According to the Written Language: Placement of Stress in Spoken Language......Page 464
Appendix-4 – Por and Para......Page 466
Appendix-5 – Articles, Their Combinations and Contractions with Prepositions......Page 468
Appendix-6 – Gender and Number......Page 470
Appendix-7 – Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; Related Expressions......Page 472
Cardinals......Page 473
Use of the Conjunction "e" With Cardinal Numbers......Page 474
Use of Roman Numbers......Page 475
Multiplicative Words......Page 476
Use of Fractional Expressions......Page 477
Grouping Numbers (números coletivos)......Page 478
Appendix-8 – Pronouns......Page 480
Clitic Attachment With One Verb......Page 481
Clitic Attachment With More Than One Verb......Page 484
Appendix-9 – Formal Forms of Address; Querido vs Caro; Tu, Você, O Senhor, A Senhora, A gente......Page 486
O Senhor, a Senhora  and a Senhorita/a Menina......Page 488
A Gente......Page 489
Carta a um Reitor......Page 490
Ofício ao Presidente da República......Page 491
Recado aos Pais......Page 492
Carta de uma Amiga a um Amigo......Page 493
Carta de um Amigo a uma Amiga......Page 494
Carta de Amor de um Homem para uma Mulher......Page 495
Carta de Amor de uma Mulher para um Homem......Page 496
Memorando Oficial......Page 497
Memorando Expedido por Órgão Não Oficial......Page 498
Modelo de Ofício......Page 499
Carta Comercial Tradicional......Page 500
Carta Comercial Moderna......Page 501
Circulares......Page 502
Carta-Circular de um Clube para seus Associados......Page 503
Carta a um Professor......Page 504
Carta a um Diretor ou Presidente de Empresa......Page 505
Carta a um Arcebispo......Page 506
Modelo de Memorando Oficial......Page 507
Regular Verbs: falar, comer, garantir......Page 508
Grupo I: abrir, aceitar, aderir, ... destruir, dirigir, distribuir, ... premiar, ... semear, suar, subtrair, tossir, trair, voar......Page 512
Grupo II: ter, ser, estar, haver......Page 517
Grupo III: caber, cobrir, construir, dar, ... sentir, trazer, ver, vir......Page 520
Appendix-12 – Rubrics for Presentations; Sample of an Exam 
......Page 546
Vocabulary......Page 554
General Index......Page 590