Pointing: Where Language, Culture, and Cognition Meet

CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 1
5 Pointing Toward Two-Word Speech in Young Children......Page 4
THE CHILDREN AND THE CODING CATEGORIES......Page 6
GESTURE–SPEECH COMBINATIONS AND THE ONSET OF INTEGRATION ACROSS THE MODALITIES......Page 8
1 Pointing: A Foundational Building Block of Human Communication......Page 10
CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES......Page 16
OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT VOLUME AND BEYOND......Page 18
REFERENCES......Page 21
2 Pointing Is the Royal Road
to Language for Babies......Page 23
THE PRODUCTION OF POINTING......Page 24
ANTECEDENTS OF POINTING......Page 26
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE ON THE SPECIES SPECIFICITY OF POINTING......Page 28
THEORIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF POINTING......Page 31
POINTING AND JOINT VISUAL ATTENTION......Page 34
COMPREHENSION OF POINTING IN BABIES......Page 37
POINTING PRODUCTION AND ATTENTION......Page 40
POINTING AND THE TRANSITION TO LANGUAGE......Page 41
CONCLUSION......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 43
DO CHIMPANZEES POINT?......Page 49
THE ARGUMENT BY ANALOGY: A PRIMER......Page 50
DEVELOPMENT OF THE POINTING GESTURE: IS THE INDEX FINGER PRIVILEGED?......Page 52
DO CHIMPANZEES USE THE POINTING GESTURE?......Page 54
Reports From Captivity......Page 55
“DO CHIMPANZEES INDICATE?” REVISITED......Page 7
REFERENCES......Page 2
REFERENCES......Page 5
The Onset of Gesture–Speech Integration......Page 9
INADVERTENT CONDITIONING OF INDEX-FINGER EXTENSION......Page 3
The Onset of Combinations in Which Gesture and Speech Convey Different Information......Page 103
Semantic Coherence in Combinations in Which Gesture and Speech Convey Different Information......Page 104
Temporal Synchrony in Combinations in Which Gesture and Speech Convey Different Information......Page 106
GESTURE–SPEECH COMBINATIONS AND THE ONSET OF TWO-WORD SPEECH......Page 107
DISCUSSION......Page 108
Combinations in Which Gesture and Speech Convey Different Information Reflect a System Integrated Across Modalities......Page 110
Combinations in Which Gesture and Speech Convey Different Information Predict the Onset of Two-Word Speech......Page 111
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 114
REFERENCES......Page 115
6 Pointing by Hand in "Neapolitan"......Page 119
THE RECORDINGS......Page 120
WHAT IS “POINTING”?......Page 121
Index-Finger Pointing......Page 125
Index Palm Down and Index Palm Vertical in Contrast......Page 128
Pointing with the Thumb......Page 131
OPEN-HAND POINTING......Page 135
OPEN HAND PALM VERTICAL IN CONTRAST WITH INDEX-FINGER POINTING......Page 137
OPEN HAND PALM UP......Page 140
OPEN HAND OBLIQUA......Page 141
DISCUSSION......Page 143
REFERENCES......Page 147
7 How to Point in Zinacantán......Page 149
MAL AT 18 MONTHS......Page 152
MAL’S GRANDFATHER PETUL......Page 158
COMPLEXITY IN POINTING......Page 166
Pointing Is Conceptually Complex......Page 167
Pointing Is Morphologically Complex......Page 170
Pointing Is Linguistically Complex......Page 173
Pointing Is Socioculturally Complex......Page 176
REFERENCES......Page 178
8 Why Pointing With the Index Finger Is Not a Universal (in Sociocultural and Semiotic Terms)......Page 181
WHAT IS MEANT BY THE PROPOSITION THAT “POINTING WITH THE INDEX FINGER IS A HUMAN UNIVERSAL”?......Page 182
“Index-Finger Pointing” Versus “Lip Pointing” in Seven Cultures......Page 184
Background......Page 190
EXPLORING THE ARRERNTE FOLK CLASSIFICATION OF “ORIENTING BEHAVIORS”......Page 192
Three Categories of Orienting Behavior......Page 193
True Pointing From the Arrernte Perspective......Page 196
The “One-Finger Point”: Home of the Index Finger......Page 199
The Wide Hand Point......Page 204
The “Flat Hand Point”......Page 206
Manual Points, Gesture Space, and System:Where’s the Thumb Point?......Page 208
OBSERVATIONS ON ARRERNTE TRANSMISSION AND ACQUISITION OF POINTING......Page 211
DISCUSSION......Page 217
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 222
REFERENCES......Page 223
9 Pointing as Situated Practice......Page 227
POINTING AS A SITUATED INTERACTIVE ACTIVITY......Page 229
DEFINING FEATURES AS ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRACTICE......Page 230
JUXTAPOSING MULTIPLE SEMIOTIC FIELDS TO ACCOMPLISH POINTING......Page 231
APHASIA: POINTING WITHOUT A SEMANTIC CONSTRUAL......Page 235
TRACING: SUPERIMPOSING ICONIC SHAPE ON A POINTING GESTURE......Page 238
INSCRIPTION......Page 241
PROGRESSIVE REFORMULATION THROUGH CHANGING POINTS TO A COMMON TARGET......Page 243
POINTING AS ACTION......Page 244
LEARNING TO SEE AS A PROFESSIONAL THROUGH POINTING......Page 245
POINTING AS DEMONSTRATION......Page 246
CONCLUSION......Page 248
REFERENCES......Page 249
10 Pointing and Placing......Page 253
Indexes and Indicating......Page 254
Prerequisites for Indicating......Page 256
Two Techniques for Indicating......Page 257
Intrinsic Connections and Indexing Sites......Page 259
Interpretations......Page 260
Devices for Directing-To......Page 261
Directing-To in Composite Signals......Page 263
Objects of Placement-For......Page 266
Placement Sites......Page 267
Phases of Placement......Page 269
Preparatory Principle......Page 270
Time Course......Page 272
Interpretations......Page 273
Chains and Extensions......Page 274
CONCLUSIONS......Page 275
REFERENCES......Page 277
THE FUNCTIONS OF A POINTING GESTURE......Page 279
LOCI IN SIGNED DISCOURSE......Page 280
Formal Differences......Page 281
The Pronoun and the Determiner......Page 283
Verbs......Page 284
The Proform......Page 285
An Ambiguous Case......Page 287
Sender’s Level and Characters’ Level......Page 288
Blink, Eye Contact, and Imitative Eyegaze......Page 289
Configurational Eyegaze......Page 292
Discussion......Page 294
HEAD AND BODY ORIENTATION......Page 296
CONCLUSIONS......Page 298
APPENDIX......Page 299
REFERENCES......Page 301
12 Pointing and Morality in Chicago......Page 303
DISTRIBUTION OF POINTING IN A CONVERSATION......Page 304
THE POINTING PHASE......Page 305
Silverstein’s Analysis of the Text in the Pointing Phase......Page 306
Analysis of the Pointing......Page 308
Growth Point and Background......Page 312
Mr. B’s GP......Page 313
THE INTRAPSYCHIC/INTERPSYCHIC INTERFACE......Page 314
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 315
REFERENCES......Page 316
13 Interplay of Gaze, Hand, Torso Orientation, and Language in Pointing......Page 317
The Route Direction Data......Page 318
Linguistic and Gestural Means for Expressing Turn Direction......Page 320
The Mechanism of Gestural Facilitation of Conceptual Planning for Speaking......Page 321
Aligned Gestures and the Linguistic Expression of the Turn Direction......Page 322
The Shape Features of Aligned Gestures......Page 324
The Gesturing Hand Heightens Awareness of the Relevant Half of the Body in Preparation for Uttering “Left” or “Right”......Page 325
Facilitating the Choice between the Concepts LEFT and RIGHT......Page 330
Visual Probing Prior to Pointing to an Invisible Target......Page 331
Experiment on Gaze in Pointing to an Invisible Target......Page 333
CROSS-CULTURAL ISSUES......Page 335
SUMMARY......Page 336
REFERENCES......Page 337
A  B......Page 339
C  D  E  F  G......Page 340
H  I  J  K  L......Page 341
M  N  O  P......Page 342
Q  R  S  T  V......Page 343
W  Y  Z......Page 344
A  B  C......Page 345
D  E  F......Page 346
G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N......Page 348
O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V......Page 349