Pocketbook of Neurological Physiotherapy (Physiotherapy Pocketbooks)

Cover......Page 1
DEDICATION......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 8
Why should we care about EBP?......Page 9
Getting started......Page 10
Finding the best evidence......Page 11
LEVELS OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE......Page 13
Practical resources to support evidence-based practice......Page 14
Qualitative studies......Page 15
IMPLEMENTING EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE......Page 16
Practical ideas for implementing evidence into everyday practice......Page 17
CONCLUSION......Page 18
References......Page 19
Other resources......Page 20
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR SERVICE USER PARTICIPATION......Page 22
PROMOTING INVOLVEMENT IN CARE......Page 23
The importance of information provision: an example from stroke care......Page 25
INVOLVE: an example of good practice......Page 27
References......Page 28
THE CONCEPT AND RELEVANCE OF CONTEXT......Page 30
THE CONCEPT AND RELEVANCE OF MEANING......Page 31
CLIENT-CENTRED PRACTICE......Page 32
Applying client-centred practice to the rehabilitation process......Page 33
References......Page 34
Reaching to grasp......Page 36
Stability in standing......Page 37
Locomotion......Page 38
MAJOR CIRCUITS OF THE MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM......Page 39
References......Page 44
NEURAL PLASTICITY......Page 46
Evidence for neural plasticity with motor rehabilitation inthe damaged brain......Page 48
PRINCIPLES OF NEURAL PLASTICITY FOR REHABILITATION......Page 49
CONCLUSIONS: UNDERSTANDING PLASTICITY CAN ENHANCE REHABILITATION......Page 50
References......Page 53
STROKE......Page 56
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 57
PARKINSONS’S DISEASE......Page 61
References......Page 76
Weakness......Page 78
Loss of dexterity and ataxia......Page 79
Bradykinesia and akinesia......Page 83
Impairments of tone......Page 84
Dyskinesia......Page 87
SECONDARY MUSCULOSKELETAL IMPAIRMENTS......Page 89
Contracture......Page 90
Swelling of the extremities......Page 91
References......Page 92
ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY......Page 99
AIMS OF NEUROLOGICAL PHYSIOTHERAPY......Page 100
FACTORS INFLUENCING MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES......Page 101
Type of setting......Page 102
Predictors of recovery (prognosis)......Page 103
Appropriate components within therapy sessions......Page 104
Structuring the therapy session......Page 105
Abnormal tone......Page 107
Associated reactions......Page 109
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGES......Page 110
References......Page 111
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT......Page 114
CLINICAL DECISION MAKING: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER......Page 116
SUMMARY......Page 125
References......Page 126
STAGE 1: PRE-PHYSIOTHERAPY ASSESSMENT......Page 128
STAGE 3: PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTION......Page 129
ASSESSMENT......Page 137
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGES......Page 140
References for subchapters 10.1 and 10.2......Page 144
INTRODUCTION......Page 147
The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Scale......Page 148
Protecting the spine and preventing further damage......Page 151
Acute respiratory monitoring......Page 152
TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN THE ACUTE PHASE......Page 154
Physiotherapy intervention......Page 157
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGES......Page 160
References for subchapter 10.3......Page 161
INTRODUCTION......Page 162
KEY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION......Page 163
KEY APPROACHES TO PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT......Page 165
ESSENTIAL PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES......Page 168
ONGOING REVIEW AND SUPPORT......Page 172
References for subchapter 10.4......Page 173
Key web sites......Page 175
INTRODUCTION......Page 176
KEY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION......Page 177
Exercise......Page 179
Cueing......Page 181
Multi-tasking......Page 183
Involving carers......Page 186
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGES......Page 187
References for subchapter 10.5......Page 188
Useful web site......Page 191
WHAT TO MEASURE?......Page 192
WHAT MEASUREMENTS TO USE?......Page 194
KEY MESSAGES......Page 199
References......Page 200
INTRODUCTION......Page 203
ENABLING INTEGRATION OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES FOR THE INDIVIDUAL......Page 204
TRANSITION TOWARDS SELF-MANAGEMENT......Page 207
SUMMARY......Page 209
Essential information sources......Page 210
The rehabilitation phase......Page 211
Arterial blood gases......Page 212
Respiratory reserve (PaO2/FiO2 ratio)......Page 213
Central conditions......Page 214
Spinal cord......Page 215
Neuropathy......Page 216
Neuromuscular junction......Page 217
Muscle conditions......Page 218
MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 219
PHYSIOTHERAPY INTERVENTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 221
References......Page 224
Traumatic brain injury......Page 226
BEHAVIOURAL AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS......Page 228
Behavioural management approaches......Page 233
Severe behavioural problems......Page 234
EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS......Page 235
References......Page 236
Useful websites......Page 238
SPEECH VERSUS LANGUAGE......Page 239
Dysarthria......Page 240
Articulatory dyspraxia......Page 243
Aphasia......Page 246
Right hemisphere communication disorder......Page 251
KEY MESSAGES......Page 253
References......Page 254
Acknowledgement......Page 255
Basic principles......Page 256
POTENTIAL AIMS AND LIMITATIONS OF INTERVENTION......Page 258
Orthotic management in lower motor neurone syndromes......Page 259
Assessment......Page 260
Insoles......Page 261
Supra malleoli ankle foot orthoses......Page 262
Ankle foot orthoses......Page 263
Knee ankle foot orthoses......Page 264
ACCESSING AN ORTHOTIC SERVICE......Page 265
Further reading and key web sites......Page 266
ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTS......Page 268
LUMBAR PUNCTURE AND THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID......Page 276
General reading......Page 277
APPENDIX 2 - Drug treatment in neurological rehabilitation......Page 278
APPENDIX 3 - Abbreviations......Page 293
APPENDIX 4: Glossary of terms......Page 295
INDEX......Page 300