Plasma Dynamics for Aerospace Engineering

Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
Introduction......Page 16
1.1 Intrinsic Electromagnetic Forces......Page 19
1.2 Charged Particle Motion......Page 22
1.3 Debye Shielding Length......Page 26
1.4 Plasma Sheath......Page 29
1.5 Plasma Frequency......Page 31
1.6 Magnetohydrodynamic Waves in Plasma......Page 33
1.7 Landau Damping......Page 37
1.8 Joule Heating......Page 38
1.9 Plasma Kinetics Formulations......Page 40
1.10 Electric Conductivity......Page 42
1.11 Electric Conductivity in a Magnetic Field......Page 44
1.12 Ambipolar Diffusion......Page 46
References......Page 50
Introduction......Page 51
2.1 Hall Current and Parameter......Page 54
2.2 Transverse Waves......Page 56
2.3 Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves......Page 59
2.4 Microwave Propagation in Plasma......Page 64
2.5 Drift Diffusion in Transverse Magnetic Fields......Page 71
2.6 Magnetic Mirrors......Page 76
2.7 Plasma Pinch and Instability......Page 80
References......Page 84
Introduction......Page 86
3.1 Faraday, Generalized Ampere, and Gauss Laws......Page 88
3.2 Maxwell Equations in the Time Domain......Page 91
3.3 Poisson Equation of Plasma Dynamics......Page 96
3.4 Interface Boundary Conditions......Page 97
3.5 Eigenvalues and Characteristic Variables......Page 102
3.6 Characteristic Formulation......Page 106
3.7 Far­Field Boundary Conditions......Page 111
3.8 High­Resolution Numerical Algorithms......Page 115
References......Page 121
Introduction......Page 123
4.1 Boltzmann­Maxwell Equation......Page 126
4.2 Fokker­Plank Equation and Lorentz Approximation......Page 130
4.3 Vlasov Equations for Collisionless Plasma......Page 132
4.4 Multi­temperature and Multi­ fluid Models......Page 133
4.5 Low Magnetic Reynolds Number Formulation......Page 142
4.6 Transport Properties via Kinetic Theory......Page 146
4.7 Solving Procedures......Page 152
References......Page 159
Introduction......Page 161
5.1 Basic Assumptions of MHD......Page 163
5.2 Generalized Ohm’s Law......Page 165
5.3 Ideal MHD Equations......Page 168
5.4 Eigenvalues and Electromagnetic Waves......Page 175
5.5 Full MHD Equations......Page 181
5.6 Similarity Parameters of MHD......Page 186
5.7 Modified Rankine­ Hugoniot Shock Conditions......Page 189
5.8 Classic Solutions of MHD Equations......Page 193
References......Page 198
Introduction......Page 200
6.1 Basic Ionization Mechanisms......Page 203
6.2 Lighthill and Saha Equations......Page 209
6.3 Electron Impact Ionization......Page 212
6.4 Thermal Ionization by Chemical Kinetics......Page 217
6.5 Inelastic Collision Ionization Models......Page 225
6.6 Database of Chemical Kinetics......Page 234
References......Page 237
Introduction......Page 240
7.1 Direct Current Discharge......Page 242
7.2 Dielectric Barrier Discharge......Page 249
7.3 Shock Tubes......Page 255
7.4 MHD Electric Generators......Page 258
7.5 Arc Plasmatron......Page 261
7.6 Induction Plasma Generators......Page 263
7.7 Microwave Plasmatron......Page 267
7.8 Plasma by Radiation......Page 270
7.9 Magnetic Field Generations......Page 273
References......Page 278
Introduction......Page 281
8.1 Electrode Arrangements of Langmuir Probe......Page 283
8.2 Data Reduction for Langmuir Probes......Page 287
8.3 Emission Spectroscopy......Page 291
8.4 Microwave Attenuation in Plasma......Page 300
8.5 Microwave Dispersion in Plasma......Page 304
8.6 Microwave Probing Simulations......Page 307
8.7 Retarding Potential Analyzer......Page 315
References......Page 317
Introduction......Page 319
9.1 Fundamental of Thermal Radiation......Page 321
9.2 Integro­differential Radiation Transfer Equation......Page 324
9.3 Half­Moment Method......Page 328
9.4 Spherical Harmonic (PN) Method......Page 331
9.5 Method of Discrete Ordinates......Page 336
9.6 Governing Equations of Gas Dynamics Radiation......Page 340
9.7 Ray­Tracing Procedure......Page 343
9.8 Monte Carlo Method......Page 351
References......Page 354
Introduction......Page 357
10.1 Ion Thrusters......Page 360
10.2 Reentry Thermal Protection......Page 366
10.3 Plasma Actuators for Flow Control......Page 376
10.4 Remote Energy Deposition......Page 384
10.5 Scramjet MHD Energy Bypass......Page 388
10.6 Plasma­Assisted Ignition and Combustion......Page 390
References......Page 393
Appendix: Physical Constants and Dimensions......Page 398
Index......Page 400