Plant Resource Allocation (Physiological Ecology)

Front Cover......Page 1
Plant Resource Allocation......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
I. The Plant Functions as a Balanced System: Flexibility of Allocation......Page 14
II. Controls on Carbohydrate Manufacture and Allocation: The Role of Nitrogen......Page 17
III. Currency of Allocation and Costs of Construction: Keeping Track of Total Carbon Flux......Page 20
IV. The Allocation of Resources Other Than Mass: Are N, P, K, Mg, and Others Allocated as a Fixed Proportion of Mass or Carbon?......Page 21
V. Physiological and Demographic Costs: Are They Separable?......Page 23
VII. Switching from Vegetative Growth to Reproduction: Size, Mass, or Age?......Page 25
VIII. Resource Allocation to Reproduction: Quantity and Quality......Page 29
IX. Clonal Plants and Allocation: Are There Trade-offs between Sexual and Asexual Reproduction?......Page 31
X. Allocation to Defensive Chemicals......Page 35
XI. Allocation in a Globally Changing Environment......Page 40
References......Page 43
I. Introduction......Page 52
II. Integration Level......Page 53
III. Chemical Composition......Page 54
IV. Covariation in Plant Compounds......Page 59
V. Mechanistic Explanations for Variation in Chemical Composition......Page 63
VI. Construction Costs......Page 66
VII. Ecological Consequences......Page 75
VIII. Summary......Page 76
IX. Appendix 1......Page 77
X. Appendix 2......Page 79
References......Page 81
I. Introduction......Page 86
II. Background: Resource Allocation within an Individual......Page 88
III. Age-Specific Allocation Responses to Variable Environments......Page 90
IV. Individual Allocation Responses to Variable Environments......Page 95
V. Among-Population Responses to Variable Environments......Page 98
References......Page 102
I. Introduction......Page 106
II. The Special Case of Woody Plants......Page 107
III. A Semicontrolled Experiment on Biomass Allocation and Water Use under Different Water Availabilities with Prunus dulcis......Page 109
IV. Conclusions......Page 120
References......Page 122
I. Introduction......Page 126
II. Organ Preformation in Plants......Page 128
III. Demographic Implications of Developmental Variation......Page 133
IV. Matrix Model......Page 140
V. Conclusions......Page 148
References......Page 150
I. Introduction......Page 156
II. Life-History Analysis and the Optimality Approach......Page 157
III. Costs of Lignification in Early Seedling Growth......Page 159
IV. Benefits of Lignification in the Horizontal Branches of Trees......Page 164
V. General Discussion......Page 167
VI. Conclusions......Page 168
VII. Appendix 1......Page 169
VIII. Appendix 2......Page 170
References......Page 171
I. Introduction......Page 174
II. Interpretation of Data on Resource Allocation Patterns......Page 176
III. Resource Allocation Patterns of Clonal Species in Homogeneous Growing Conditions......Page 177
IV. Resource Allocation Patterns in Clonal Species Growing under Heterogeneous Conditions......Page 187
V. Consequences of Localized Responses by Clonal Herbs to Heterogeneous Habitat Conditions......Page 192
VI. Conclusions......Page 198
References......Page 199
I. Introduction......Page 204
II. Theoretical Models......Page 207
III. Growth after the Induction of Reproduction......Page 208
IV. Effect of Reproduction on Growth in Monocarpic Plants......Page 209
V. Implications for Allocation Patterns......Page 216
References......Page 219
I. Introduction......Page 224
II. Fitness Gain Curves in Animal-Pollinated Plants......Page 226
III. Plant Size and Gender in Cynoglossum officinale......Page 228
IV. Causal Explanations for Increasing Femaleness with Plant Size......Page 231
V. Is the Sex Allocation Pattern Found in Cynoglossum officinale Representative for Other Hermaphrodite Animal-Pollinated Monocarpic Plants?......Page 234
VI. Is Increased Emphasis on Female Reproduction with Plant Size in Insect-Pollinated Plants Adaptive? A Comparison between Animal- and Wind-Pollinated Plants......Page 237
References......Page 239
I. Introduction......Page 244
II. Rate and Pattern Response Following an Environmental Change......Page 250
III. Plant Growth and Allocation in Fluctuating Light Environments......Page 257
IV. Tracking a Randomly Varying Environment......Page 267
V. Conclusions and Speculations......Page 270
VI. Appendix......Page 274
References......Page 275
I. Life History and Ecophysiological Models......Page 278
II. Total Cost Calculations......Page 282
III. Full Costs and Constitutive versus Induced Defenses......Page 286
IV. Summary......Page 287
References......Page 288
I. Introduction......Page 292
II. Functional Equilibrium Models......Page 294
III. Can the Most Simple Models Be Useful?......Page 295
IV. Rules for Allocation to Wood......Page 299
V. Remaining Difficulties......Page 301
References......Page 302
Index......Page 306