دسترسی نامحدود
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
برای ارتباط با ما می توانید از طریق شماره موبایل زیر از طریق تماس و پیامک با ما در ارتباط باشید
در صورت عدم پاسخ گویی از طریق پیامک با پشتیبان در ارتباط باشید
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
درصورت عدم همخوانی توضیحات با کتاب
از ساعت 7 صبح تا 10 شب
دسته بندی: زیست شناسی ویرایش: 3 نویسندگان: Barry Scott. Carl Mesarich سری: The Mycota, 5 ISBN (شابک) : 3031165020, 9783031165023 ناشر: Springer سال نشر: 2022 تعداد صفحات: 471 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 21 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Plant Relationships: Fungal-Plant Interactions به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب روابط گیاهی: فعل و انفعالات قارچی و گیاهی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Series Preface The Mycota Series-2022 Volume Preface to the Third Edition Contents Editors and Contributors Part I: Pathogenic Fungus-Plant Interactions 1: Modulation of Host Immunity and Development by Ustilago maydis 1.1 Ustilago maydis, the Causal Agent of Maize Smut Disease 1.1.1 The Process of Infection 1.1.2 Ustilago maydis Inside the Plant 1.1.3 The Molecular Basis of Biotrophy 1.1.4 The Infection Cycle Ends with Spore Formation 1.2 Evolution, Structure, and Features of U. maydis Effectors 1.2.1 The Clustered Occurrence of the Effectome 1.2.2 Inter- and Intraspecific Effectome Differences 1.2.3 Effectome Evolution 1.2.4 Effectors and Their Impact on Pathogen Fitness 1.2.5 The Effector Interactome 1.3 Transcriptional Regulation of the U. maydis Effectome 1.3.1 Early Regulators of Biotrophy 1.3.2 Late Regulators of Biotrophy 1.3.3 Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the Effectome and Its Transcriptional Feedback 1.3.4 Spatial Regulation of the Effectome 1.3.5 Host Accession Specific Effector Regulation 1.4 The Molecular Functions of U. maydis Effectors 1.4.1 Antimicrobial Effectors and Niche Protection 1.4.2 Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites of U. maydis 1.4.3 Indirect Niche Protection by U. maydis? 1.4.4 Intraspecific Competition of U. maydis 1.5 Extracellular Plant Immunity Modulation by U. maydis 1.5.1 The Apoplastic Battleground 1.5.2 Interference with Pathogenesis-Related Plant Proteins 1.5.3 Fungal Cell-Wall Associated Effectors 1.5.4 Protease Inhibition as a Key Virulence Mechanism 1.6 U. maydis Effectors with Intracellular Virulence Functions 1.6.1 Salicylic Acid Signaling Manipulation by U. maydis 1.6.2 Secondary Metabolism Manipulation 1.6.3 Tumorigenic Effectors 1.6.4 Functional Clusters of Effectors 1.6.5 Maize Lipoxygenase 3, Susceptibility Factor and Effector Target 1.6.6 Exploiting Growth Versus Defense Antagonism 1.6.7 A Possible Translocation Machinery for Intracellular Effectors 1.7 U. maydis as a Model System in the Post-Genomic Era References 2: RNA Dialogues in Fungal-Plant Relationships 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Fungal-Plant Communication 2.1.2 Regulatory Small RNAs and RNAi 2.1.3 Fungal Extracellular RNAs 2.2 Cross-Kingdom RNAi in Fungal-Plant Relationships 2.3 RNA Translocation in Fungi and Plants 2.3.1 Transport of mRNAs 2.3.2 Fungal EVs and Their Function in RNA Transport 2.4 RNAi-Based Applications for Antifungal Disease Control in Plants 2.4.1 Host-Induced Gene Silencing in Fungal-Plant Interactions 2.4.2 Spray-Induced Gene Silencing in Fungal-Plant Interactions 2.5 Conclusions 2.5.1 Fungal sRNA Effectors 2.5.2 RNA Transport References 3: The Role of Tox Effector Proteins in the Parastagonospora Nodorum-Wheat Interaction 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Main Characters, Tox Genes and Their Partners 3.3 Evolution and Diversity of Tox Genes in Globally Distributed Populations of P. nodorum 3.4 Mechanistic Insights from Detailed Studies of Effector Proteins 3.4.1 Target Wheat Immune Proteins 3.5 Crystal Structures Provide Insights into Conserved Effector Folds and Processing 3.6 Overall Conclusions and Outlook References Part II: Mutualistic Fungus-Plant Interactions 4: Genomes of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Organization of the Genome 4.3 Regulation of the Genome(s) 4.4 Transmission of the Genome 4.5 Perspectives on Adaptation and Evolution References 5: Diversity of Seed Endophytes: Causes and Implications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Taxonomy of Fungal Seed Endophytes and Host Plants 5.2.1 Epichloë, Periglandula, and Relatives (Order Hypocreales) 5.2.2 Alternaria and Relatives (Order Pleosporales) 5.2.3 Morning Glory Endophytes of Order Chaetothyriales 5.3 Seed-Endophyte-Host Interactions 5.3.1 Host Compatibility 5.3.2 Host Specificity 5.3.3 Host Protection Against Herbivory 5.3.4 Host Protection Against Abiotic Stresses 5.4 Anti-herbivore Alkaloids 5.4.1 Ergot Alkaloids, Including Ergovaline 5.4.2 Indole-Diterpene Alkaloids, Including Lolitrems 5.4.3 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, Including Lolines 5.4.4 Pyrrolopyrazine Alkaloids, Including Peramine 5.4.5 Indolizidine Alkaloids Including Swainsonine 5.5 Evolutionary Relationships, Hybridization, Polyploidy, and Horizontal Gene Transfers 5.5.1 Haploid Epichloë Species 5.5.2 Polyploid Epichloë Species 5.5.3 Hyphal Fusion and Karyogamy 5.5.4 Horizontal Gene Transfer or Not? 5.6 Relationship Between Epichloë Symbiosis and Host Plant Interaction with Herbivores 5.7 Epichloë Control on Host Plant-Associated Symbiotic Microorganisms 5.7.1 Endophyte-Mediated Host Interaction with AMF 5.7.2 Endophyte-Mediated Host Protection Against Pathogens 5.7.3 Epichloë Effects on the Plant Association with Non-systemic Fungal Endophytes 5.7.4 Epichloë Effects on the Rhizosphere 5.8 Endophyte Effects on Plant Population Dynamics 5.9 Epichloë Effects on Communities and Ecosystem Processes 5.10 Applications 5.10.1 Natural Strains in Forage Grasses 5.10.2 Genetically Altered Strains 5.10.3 Symbiotically Modified Cereals References 6: Lichens and Their Allies Past and Present 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Lichen-Forming Fungi (LFF) 6.2.1 Gains and Losses of Lichenization 6.2.2 Species Concepts and Phylogenies 6.2.3 Species Pairs and Cryptic Species 6.2.4 Morphodemes and Morphotype Pairs (= Photosymbiodemes) 6.2.5 Non-lichen Mutualistic Fungal Interactions with Cyanobacteria and Unicellular Green Algae 6.2.6 Mycophycobioses 6.2.7 Secondary Metabolites 6.3 Lichen Photobionts 6.3.1 Diversity and Specificity 6.3.2 Tripartite Lichens 6.3.3 Cyanotrophy 6.4 Peculiarities of Lichen Symbiosis 6.4.1 A. Symbiotic vs. Free-Living LFF 6.4.2 Morphogenetic Capacity of the Mycobiont 6.4.3 The Mycobiont-Photobiont-Interface 6.4.4 Water Relations and Gas Exchange 6.4.5 Heavy Metal and Radionuclides 6.5 The Microbiome of Lichen Thalli 6.5.1 The Bacteriome: Bacterial Epi- and Endobionts of Lichen Thalli 6.5.2 Lichenicolous Fungi 6.5.3 Lichenicolous Lichens 6.5.4 Endolichenic Fungi (ELF) 6.5.5 The Virome of Lichens 6.6 Fossil Lichens and Their Microbiome 6.6.1 Fossil vs. Extant Lichens 6.6.2 Palaeozoic Fossils 6.6.3 Mesozoic Fossils 6.6.4 Cenozoic Fossils 6.6.5 The Microbiome of Fossil Lichens 6.7 Lichen-Animal Relations 6.7.1 The Micro- and Mesofauna of Lichen Thalli 6.7.2 Lichenivory: Invertebrates 6.7.3 Lichenivory: Vertebrates 6.7.4 Endozoochory 6.7.5 Epizoochory 6.8 Lichenomimesis 6.8.1 Lichenomimesis in Animals 6.8.2 Lichenomimesis in Members of the Araceae (Flowering Plants) 6.9 Conclusions and Outlook References 7: Lichen Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Progress in the Genomic Era Toward Ecological Roles in the Interaction 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Lichen Mycobionts Produce a Unique Diversity of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites 7.2.1 Lichen Secondary Metabolites Have Been Used for Their Biological Activities 7.2.2 Biological Functions of Lichen Secondary Metabolites 7.2.3 How Lichen Mycobionts Produce Secondary Metabolites 7.3 The Genomes of Lichenized Fungi Have Revealed a Unique Potential for Polyketide Production 7.3.1 A Decade of Mycobiont Genome Sequencing 7.3.2 An Abundance of Polyketide Biosynthetic Pathways 7.3.3 Linking Biosynthetic Gene Clusters to Known Lichen Compounds 7.4 Heterologous Expression as a Strategy to Elucidate Lichen Biosynthetic Pathways 7.4.1 Successful Expression of Lichen Polyketide Synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 7.4.2 Successful Expression of a Lichen Gene Cluster in Ascochyta rabiei 7.4.3 Difficulties in Heterologously Expressing Lichen Polyketide Synthases in Aspergillus oryzae 7.4.4 Indirect Studies Using Orthologous Pathways Provide Information About Potential Lichen Compounds 7.5 Toward Understanding the Role of Mycobiont Secondary Metabolites in Lichen Ecosystems 7.5.1 In vitro Reconstitution of Lichen Ecosystems 7.5.2 Spatial Distribution of Mycobiont Secondary Metabolites 7.5.3 Genetic Manipulation of Mycobionts 7.6 Conclusion References Part III: Sensing and Signalling in Fungus-Plant Interactions 8: Regulation of Plant Infection Processes by MAP Kinase Pathways in Ascomycetous Pathogens 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Pmk1/Kss1 Invasive Growth (IG) Pathway 8.2.1 Regulation of Appressorium Formation by the PMK1 Pathway in M. oryzae 8.2.2 Regulating the Formation of Various Infection Structures in Fungal Pathogens 8.2.3 Invasive Growth After Penetration 8.2.4 Sexual Reproduction 8.3 The Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) MAPK Pathway 8.3.1 Penetration and Infectious Growth 8.3.2 Cell Wall Integrity and Hyphal Growth 8.3.3 Hyphal Fusion and Parasexual Reproduction 8.4 The High-Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) Pathway 8.4.1 Species-Specific Roles in Pathogenesis 8.4.2 Osmoregulation and Survival 8.4.3 Oxidative Stress 8.5 Concluding Remarks References 9: Role of pH in the Control of Fungal MAPK Signalling and Pathogenicity 9.1 Ambient pH Sensing and Adaptation in Fungi 9.1.1 Sensing and Adaptation to Alkaline Ambient pH: the Pal/Rim Pathway 9.1.2 Sensing and Adaptation to Acid Ambient pH 9.1.3 Modulation of Ambient pH and Its Role in Plant Pathogenicity 9.2 Role of Cytosolic pH in Fungal Signalling and Pathogenicity 9.2.1 Cytosolic pH Homeostasis 9.2.2 Role of pHc in Signalling and Cell Growth 9.2.3 Cytosolic pH As a Regulator of Fungal Pathogenicity 9.3 Conclusions References 10: Role of Volatile Organic Compounds in Establishment of the Trichoderma-Plant Interaction 10.1 Trichoderma: Multifaceted Plant Symbionts 10.2 Volatile Organic Compound Profiling of Trichoderma 10.3 Trichoderma Genes for Volatile Organic Compound Emission 10.4 Plant Responses to Trichoderma Volatile Organic Compounds 10.4.1 Growth and Morphogenesis 10.4.2 Reinforcement of Immunity 10.4.3 Metabolic Reprogramming 10.4.4 Genetic Responses 10.5 Concluding Remarks References Part IV: Regulation of Fungal Gene Expression and Development 11: Epigenetic Regulation of Fungal Genes Involved in Plant Colonization 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Current Knowledge on Fungal Chromatin Organization and Key Elements Involved in Chromatin Remodeling 11.2.1 Historical Overview of Chromosome Organization 11.2.2 Key Players Ensuring the Equilibrium Between Heterochromatin and Euchromatin 11.3 Contribution of Omics Data to Our Understanding of the Genomic, Epigenomic, and Transcriptomic Context of Fungal Genes In... 11.3.1 Fungal Genomes Are as Puzzling as the Fungal Kingdom 11.3.2 Organization of the Epigenomic Landscape in Plant-Interacting Fungi 11.3.3 Complex Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Host Interactions 11.3.4 Lessons from Combined Analysis of Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Epigenomic Data 11.4 Chromatin-based Regulation of Effector Gene Expression Combined or not to the Action of Specific Transcription Factors 11.4.1 Effect of a Change in Genomic Context on the Expression of Effector Genes 11.4.2 Role of Proteins Involved in Chromatin Remodeling on the Control of Effector Gene Expression 11.4.3 First Evidence of Dual Control for the Expression of Effector Genes by Specific Transcription Factors and Chromatin Rem... 11.5 Future Challenges Concerning the Chromatin-Based Control of Plant-Associated Genes References 12: Toward Understanding the Role of Chromatin in Secondary Metabolite Gene Regulation in the Rice Pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Secondary Metabolism in F. fujikuroi: The Road So Far 12.2.1 Gene Architecture and Cluster Organization 12.2.2 Distinct SM Profiles Determine the Pathotype in F. fujikuroi 12.3 Regulation of SM Gene Expression in F. fujikuroi 12.3.1 Chromatin Structure: A Natural Obstacle for Transcription 12.3.2 Prominent Histone Marks: Of ``Writers, Readers and Erasers´´ 12.3.2.1 Histone Acetylation and Its Role for SM Gene Regulation in F. fujikuroi 12.3.2.2 Histone Methylation and Its Role in SM Gene Regulation in F. fujikuroi 12.3.2.2.1 H3K4 Methylation 12.3.2.2.2 H3K36 Methylation 12.3.2.2.3 H3K9 Methylation 12.3.2.2.4 H3K27 Methylation 12.3.2.2.5 H4K20 Methylation 12.4 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives References 13: The Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae Uses a Turgor-Dependent, Septin-Mediated Mechanism to Invade Rice 13.1 Introduction 13.1.1 Rice Blast Disease 13.2 Life Cycle of M. oryzae 13.3 Cell Signalling and Fungal Pathogenicity in M. oryzae 13.4 Pmk1 MAPK Signalling Pathway 13.5 How Is Turgor Sensed Within the Appressorium 13.6 Melanin Biosynthesis and Regulation 13.7 Turgor Sensing 13.8 Septin-Dependent Plant Infection 13.9 Conclusions References 14: Role of Light in the Life Cycle of Botrytis cinerea 14.1 Adaptations to the Plant Host 14.1.1 Penetration Structures 14.1.2 Virulence Determinants 14.2 Adaptations to Light 14.2.1 Genetic Make-up: Photoperception 14.2.2 Gene Expression: Photoregulation 14.2.3 Reproduction: Photomorphogenesis and Phototropism 14.2.4 Metabolism: Photoprotection 14.2.5 Enzyme Systems: Photodamage Repair 14.2.6 Circadian Clock: Photoentrainment 14.3 Conclusion: Botrytis Exploits the Host for Nutrition and Sun Protection References Part V: Genomes and Evolution 15: Species of Zymoseptoria (Dothideomycetes) as a Model System to Study Plant Pathogen Genome Evolution 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Genome Architecture in Zymoseptoria Species 15.2.1 ``Gold Standard´´ Reference Genome 15.2.2 Transposable Element Content 15.2.3 Accessory Chromosomes 15.3 Adaptive Evolution Within and Between Zymoseptoria Species 15.3.1 Signatures of Selection in Z. tritici Genomes 15.3.2 Signatures of Selection Between Species of Zymoseptoria 15.4 Genetic Variation Between Zymoseptoria Species 15.4.1 Recurrent Hybridization Shapes Genetic Variation in Zymoseptoria Genomes 15.5 Concluding Remarks References 16: Accessory Chromosomes of the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex and Their Contribution to Host Niche Adaptation 16.1 Fusarium oxysporum: A Species Complex Occupying Diverse Ecological Niches 16.2 Accessory Chromosomes: Contributors of Host-Specific Pathogenicity Among the FOSC 16.3 Determinants of Host-Specific Pathogenicity 16.3.1 An Expanded Kinase Family Enhances Environmental Sensing 16.3.2 Crosstalk Coordinates the Functions of Core and Accessory Chromosomes 16.3.3 Effectors Disarm Host Defense 16.3.4 Convergent Points Highlight Adaptation to Both Abiotic and Biotic Stresses 16.4 Mechanisms of Niche Adaptation: Genome Evolution and Maintenance 16.5 Conclusion and Perspective 16.5.1 Improving the Quality of AC Assemblies 16.5.2 Exploring the Origin of ACs 16.5.3 Effective Regulation of ACs 16.5.4 Novel Therapeutic and Management Strategies References Part VI: Global Pandemics and Food Security 17: Global Landscape of Rust Epidemics by Puccinia Species: Current and Future Perspectives 17.1 An Introduction to Rust Fungi and the Puccinia Species 17.2 Important Crops and Ecosystems Affected by Puccinia Species 17.2.1 Wheat 17.2.2 Barley 17.2.3 Oat 17.2.4 Sugarcane 17.2.5 Maize 17.2.6 Sorghum 17.3 The Life Cycle of Puccina Species and Its Role in Disease Epidemics 17.4 Important Epidemics Caused by Puccinia Species 17.4.1 Wheat Rusts 17.4.1.1 Stem Rust 17.4.1.2 Stripe Rust 17.4.1.3 Leaf Rust 17.4.2 Barley Rusts 17.4.2.1 Stem Rust 17.4.2.2 Stripe Rust 17.4.2.3 Leaf Rust 17.4.3 Oat Rusts 17.4.4 Corn Rusts 17.4.5 Sorghum Rust 17.4.6 Sugarcane Rusts 17.4.7 Myrtle Rust 17.5 Molecular Basis of Rust Virulence 17.6 Genomic Resources to Study Virulence Evolution 17.6.1 Evolution of Rust Genome Assembly Approaches 17.7 Conclusions and Perspectives References 18: Magnaporthe oryzae and Its Pathotypes: A Potential Plant Pandemic Threat to Global Food Security 18.1 Introduction 18.2 History of Blast Disease Outbreaks 18.3 Pathotype Delineation Among M. oryzae Isolates 18.4 Biology of the Pathogen 18.4.1 Sexual Reproduction 18.4.2 Asexual Reproduction 18.4.3 Disease Cycles 18.5 Blast of Major Cereals: Wheat and Rice 18.6 Molecular Cross-talks between Host and Magnaporthe oryzae 18.7 Host Species Specificity 18.7.1 Effectoromics of M. oryzae 18.8 Management Strategies 18.8.1 Restricting Movement of Seeds from Diseased Areas to Disease-free Areas 18.8.2 Early Detection and Disease Forecasting 18.8.3 Cultural and Sanitary Practices 18.8.4 Chemical Control 18.8.5 Development of Fungicide Resistance in M. oryzae 18.8.6 Breeding for Blast-resistant Varieties 18.8.6.1 Mutation Breeding 18.8.6.2 Genome Editing Using CRISPR-Cas Technology for Developing Blast Resistance 18.8.7 Biological Control 18.8.8 Integrated Management 18.9 Conclusions and Future Prospects 18.9.1 Population Structure and Evolution of M. oryzae Pathotypes 18.9.2 Management of Blast Disease References