Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security (Agriculture Issues and Policies)

PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES  AND FOOD SECURITY......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
SUMMARY......Page 12
IMPORTANCE OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (PGRFA): BACKGROUND AND ISSUES......Page 13
PGRFA and Global Food Security......Page 14
PGRFA and Interdependency......Page 15
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP IMPROVEMENT: THE CASE OF WHEAT VS. CORN......Page 16
U.S. APPROACH TO PGRFA......Page 18
History of the Treaty......Page 20
CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND THE INTERNATIONAL TREATY ON PLANT GENETIC  RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE......Page 21
Summary of Treaty Provisions......Page 23
Conservation and Sustainable Use of PGRFA......Page 24
Multilateral System of Access and Benefit Sharing......Page 25
Supporting Components......Page 27
Institutional Provisions......Page 28
Status of Treaty Implementation......Page 33
THE CGIAR CENTERS UNDER THE TREATY......Page 34
The Convention on Biological Diversity......Page 36
Funding Strategy......Page 37
THE GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST......Page 38
As of February 24, 2010: 120......Page 40
End Notes......Page 44
ABSTRACT......Page 48
What Is the Issue?......Page 49
What Did the Study Find?......Page 50
INTRODUCTION......Page 51
DEFINITIONS......Page 53
Current Challenges......Page 55
Estimating the Benefits of Genetic Enhancement......Page 56
ECONOMIC STUDIES OF THE VALUE OF GENETIC ENHANCEMENT......Page 58
Searching for Valuable Genetic Resources......Page 61
ECONOMIC MODELS OF SEARCHING FOR GENETIC RESOURCES......Page 62
FACTORS INFLUENCING TRENDS IN CROP GENETIC DIVERSITY......Page 64
Habitat Loss......Page 66
MEASURES OF GENETIC DIVERSITY......Page 67
Displacement of Landraces by Scientifically Bred Varieties......Page 68
Genetic Uniformity in Scientifically Bred Varieties......Page 70
CONSERVATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES......Page 71
In situ conservation......Page 73
Ex situ conservation......Page 74
Public funding of ex situ and in situ conservation......Page 75
Intellectual property rights......Page 77
Material Transfer Agreements......Page 79
U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity......Page 80
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture......Page 81
Financing International Conservation of Genetic Resources......Page 82
APPENDIX: MEASURING CROP GENETIC DIVERSITY......Page 84
Measures of Relationships between Varieties......Page 85
Measures of Plant Breeding Activity Using Genetic Resources......Page 86
REFERENCES......Page 87
End Notes......Page 97
3. USING GENETIC TOOLS TO COMBAT HUNGER......Page 100
GIVING SHEATH BLIGHT THE GENETIC SHOVE......Page 104
TAKING THE BANG OUT OF RICE BLAST......Page 107
STANDARDIZED AMYLOSE TESTING IMPROVES RICE......Page 108
GOLDEN RICE-2 SHINES IN NUTRITION STUDY......Page 110
CONTINUED COLLABORATION VITAL TO SUCCESS......Page 112
BELTSVILLE BEANS KEY TO COMBATING DEVASTATING RUST PATHOGEN......Page 114
BEANS THAT CAN TAKE THE HEAT......Page 115
WASHINGTON’S WONDERS......Page 117
BETTER BEANS MEAN BETTER HEALTH FOR PEOPLE EVERYWHERE......Page 120
6. CORN: BOOSTING VITAMIN A LEVELS IN CORN TO FIGHT HUNGER......Page 122
A NEW APPROACH AND A BETTER WAY TO ASSAY CORN......Page 123
7. POTATOES: NUTRIENT-PACKED AND PEST-RESISTANT POTATOES FROM ARS RESEARCH......Page 126
A RECENT DEFENDER......Page 127
SAVING STORED SPUDS......Page 128
CHAPTER SOURCES......Page 134
INDEX......Page 136