Planar Microwave Engineering: A Practical Guide to Theory, Measurement, and Circuits

Cover
Half-title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
1 A MICROHISTORY OF MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY
	1. Introduction
	2. Birth of the Vacuum Tube
	3. Armstrong and the Regenerative Amplifier/ Detector/Oscillator
	4. The Wizard War
	5. Some Closing Comments
	6. Appendix A: Characteristics of Other Wireless Systems
	7. Appendix B: Who Really Invented Radio?
2 INTRODUCTION TO RF AND MICROWAVE CIRCUITS
	1. Definitions
	2. Conventional Frequency Bands
	3. Lumped versus Distributed Circuits
	4. Link between Lumped and Distributed Regimes
	5. Driving-Point Impedance of Iterated Structures
	6. Transmission Lines in More Detail
	7. Behavior of Finite-Length Transmission Lines
	8. Summary of Transmission Line Equations
	9. Artificial Lines
	10. Summary
3 THE SMITH CHART AND S-PARAMETERS
	1. Introduction
	2. The Smith Chart
	3. S-Parameters
	4. Appendix A: A Short Note on Units
	5. Appendix B: Why 50 (or 75) Ω?
4 IMPEDANCE MATCHING
	1. Introduction
	2. The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
	3. Matching Methods
5 CONNECTORS, CABLES, AND WAVEGUIDES
	1. Introduction
	2. Connectors
	3. Coaxial Cables
	4. Waveguides
	5. Summary
	6. Appendix: Properties of Coaxial Cable
6 PASSIVE COMPONENTS
	1. Introduction
	2. Interconnect at Radio Frequencies: Skin Effect
	3. Resistors
	4. Capacitors
	5. Inductors
	6. Magnetically Coupled Conductors
	7. Summary
7 MICROSTRIP, STRIPLINE, AND PLANAR PASSIVE ELEMENTS
	1. Introduction
	2. General Characteristics of PC Boards
	3. Transmission Lines on PC Board
	4. Passives Made from Transmission Line Segments
	5. Resonators
	6. Combiners, Splitters, and Couplers
	7. Summary
	8. Appendix A: Random Useful Inductance Formulas
	9. Appendix B: Derivation of Fringing Correction
	10. Appendix C: Dielectric Constants of Other Materials
8 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT
	1. Introduction
	2. The Time-Domain Reflectometer
	3. The Slotted Line
	4. The Vector Network Analyzer
	5. Summary of Calibration Methods
	6. Other VNA Measurement Capabilities
	7. References
	8. Appendix A: Other Impedance Measurement Devices
	9. Appendix B: Projects
9 MICROWAVE DIODES
	1. Introduction
	2. Junction Diodes
	3. Schottky Diodes
	4. Varactors
	5. Tunnel Diodes
	6. PIN Diodes
	7. Noise Diodes
	8. Snap Diodes
	9. Gunn Diodes
	10. MIM Diodes
	11. IMPATT Diodes
	12. Summary
	13. Appendix: Homegrown “Penny” Diodes and Crystal Radios
10 MIXERS
	1. Introduction
	2. Mixer Fundamentals
	3. Nonlinearity, Time Variation, and Mixing
	4. Multiplier-Based Mixers
11 TRANSISTORS
	1. History and Overview
	2. Modeling
	3. Small-Signal Models for Bipolar Transistors
	4. FET Models
	5. Summary
12 AMPLIFIERS
	1. Introduction
	2. Microwave Biasing 101
	3. Bandwidth Extension Techniques
	4. The Shunt-Series Amplifier
	5. Tuned Amplifiers
	6. Neutralization and Unilateralization
	7. Strange Impedance Behaviors and Stability
	8. Appendix: Derivation of Bridged T-Coil Transfer Function
13 LNA DESIGN
	1. Introduction
	2. Classical Two-Port Noise Theory
	3. Derivation of a Bipolar Noise Model
	4. The Narrowband LNA
	5. A Few Practical Details
	6. Linearity and Large-Signal Performance
	7. Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
	8. Cascaded Systems
	9. Summary
	10. Appendix A: Bipolar Noise Figure Equations
	11. Appendix B: FET Noise Parameters
14 NOISE FIGURE MEASUREMENT
	1. Introduction
	2. Basic Definitions and Noise Measurement Theory
	3. Noise Temperature
	4. Friis’s Formula for the Noise Figure of Cascaded Systems
	5. Noise Measure
	6. Typical Noise Figure Instrumentation
	7. Error Sources
	8. Special Considerations for Mixers
	9. References
	10. Appendix: Two Cheesy Eyeball Methods
15 OSCILLATORS
	1. Introduction
	2. The Problem with Purely Linear Oscillators
	3. Describing Functions
	4. Resonators
	5. A Catalog of Tuned Oscillators
	6. Negative Resistance Oscillators
	7. Summary
16 SYNTHESIZERS
	1. Introduction
	2. A Short History of PLLs
	3. Linearized PLL Model
	4. PLL Rejection of Noise on Input
	5. Phase Detectors
	6. Sequential Phase Detectors
	7. Loop Filters and Charge Pumps
	8. Frequency Synthesis
	9. A Design Example
	10. Summary
	11. Appendix: Inexpensive PLL Design Lab Tutorial
17 OSCILLATOR PHASE NOISE
	1. Introduction
	2. General Considerations
	3. Detailed Considerations: Phase Noise
	4. The Roles of Linearity and Time Variation in Phase Noise
	5. Circuit Examples – LC Oscillators
	6. Amplitude Response
	7. Summary
	8. Appendix: Notes on Simulation
18 MEASUREMENT OF PHASE NOISE
	1. Introduction
	2. Definitions and Basic Measurement Methods
	3. Measurement Techniques
	4. Error Sources
	5. References
19 SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES, SPECTRUM ANALYZERS, AND PROBES
	1. Introduction
	2. Oscilloscopes
	3. Spectrum Analyzers
	4. References
20 RF POWER AMPLIFIERS
	1. Introduction
	2. Classical Power Amplifier Topologies
	3. Modulation of Power Amplifiers
	4. Additional Design Considerations
	5. Summary
21 ANTENNAS
	1. Introduction
	2. Poynting’s Theorem, Energy, and Wires
	3. The Nature of Radiation
	4. Antenna Characteristics
	5. The Dipole Antenna
	6. The Microstrip Patch Antenna
	7. Miscellaneous Planar Antennas
	8. Summary
22 LUMPED FILTERS
	1. Introduction
	2. Background – A Quick History
	3. Filters from Transmission Lines
	4. Filter Classifications and Specifications
	5. Common Filter Approximations
	6. Appendix A: Network Synthesis
	7. Appendix B: Elliptic Integrals, Functions, and Filters
	8. Appendix C: Design Tables for Common Low-pass Filters
23 MICROSTRIP FILTERS
	1. Background
	2. Distributed Filters from Lumped Prototypes
	3. Coupled Resonator Bandpass Filters
	4. Practical Considerations
	5. Summary
	6. Appendix: Lumped Equivalents of Distributed Resonators
Index