Pioneering Ideas for the Physical and Chemical Sciences: Josef Loschmidt’s Contributions and Modern Developments in Structural Organic Chemistry, Atomistics, and Statistical Mechanics

Front Matter....Pages i-xi
The Significance of the Hydrogen Bond for Physiology....Pages 1-13
Natural Product Structure Elucidation: 1950 → 2000....Pages 15-24
Conformational Analysis....Pages 25-39
Thoughts and Experiments on a Chemical Etiology of Nucleic Acid Structure....Pages 41-64
Loschmidt’s Graphic Formulae of 1861....Pages 65-80
Spheres from Dalton to Loschmidt....Pages 81-87
Josef Loschmidt’s Last Scientific Publication: “Stereochemische Studien I”....Pages 89-99
Richard Anschütz, Archibald Scott Couper, and Josef Loschmidt....Pages 101-107
Organic Chemistry in Austria and Loschmidt’s “Chemische Studien”....Pages 109-118
Loschmidt and Venn....Pages 119-127
Loschmidt’s Achievements and Shortcomings in Elucidating the Structure of Organic Molecules....Pages 129-131
Configurational Stability and Reactions of Benzylic Carbanions with an Acyloxy or Dialkylphosphoryloxy Substituent....Pages 133-138
The Precise Determination of Loschmidt’s Number (Avogadro Constant) as a Step towards a Redefinition of the SI Unit of Mass....Pages 139-151
Loschmidt’s Reversibility Argument and the H-Theorem....Pages 153-157
The Arrow of Time....Pages 159-162
Stability of Matter....Pages 163-178
Visualization and Nanomanipulation of Molecules in the Scanning Tunnelling Microscope....Pages 179-191
Considerations about the “Constitution of the Ether”....Pages 193-197
Four Papers by Loschmidt on the State of Thermal Equilibrium....Pages 199-202
Loschmidt’s Papers “Experimental-Untersuchungen über die Diffusion von Gasen ohne Poröse Scheidewände”....Pages 203-206
The Periodic System of the Elements and Prout’s Hypothesis....Pages 207-215
Josef Loschmidt and the Reality of Molecules....Pages 217-222
Loschmidt’s Article “On the Size of Air Molecules” and Subsequent Work on Related Aspects of Atomistics....Pages 223-232
Microscopic Time-Reversibility and Macroscopic Irreversibility — Still a Paradox?....Pages 233-248
Imaging of Atomic Structures of Metals and Alloys by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy....Pages 249-255
Trace Gas Analysis with Integrating Spheres....Pages 257-262
Josef Loschmidt—Some Biographical Remarks....Pages 263-267
From Curiosity to Passion....Pages 269-276
Scientific Discussion and Friendship between Loschmidt and Boltzmann....Pages 277-281
Josef Loschmidt’s Economic Ideas....Pages 283-287
Chemical Education in the Habsburg Monarchy’s Universities and Technical Colleges around 1861....Pages 289-296
The Development of Chemical Formulae and Equations....Pages 297-300
The Leading Chemical Company in the Habsburg Empire....Pages 301-305
Erratum....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Conformational Analysis....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Thoughts and Experiments on a Chemical Etiology of Nucleic Acid Structure....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Organic Chemistry in Austria and Loschmidt’s “Chemische Studien”....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Considerations about the “Constitution of the Ether”....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Trace Gas Analysis with Integrating Spheres....Pages 321-321
Back Matter....Pages 307-320