Pinhole Photography

FRONT COVER......Page 1
PINHOLE PHOTOGRAPHY: FROM HISTORIC TECHNIQUE TO DIGITAL APPLICATION......Page 4
COPYRIGHT PAGE......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 10
CHAPTER 1 Pinhole's History in the Exploration of Science and Ideology......Page 14
The Pinhole Archetype......Page 15
Early pinhole optics—eclipses, telling time, astrolabes, and optical phenomena......Page 18
The camera obscura and human understanding......Page 24
Noon-marks in Italian Renaissance cathedrals......Page 30
The pinhole in the wave theory of light......Page 34
Diffraction......Page 36
Interference......Page 37
The pinhole and the eye......Page 38
Research into optimal pinholes......Page 41
Twentieth-century pinhole imaging in high-energy physics......Page 43
Brunelleschi's pinhole perspective device......Page 50
Alberti's first diffraction camera......Page 53
Leonardo da Vinci......Page 57
Anamorph—the deception of the eye......Page 64
The first pinhole photographs in art......Page 68
Pinhole's popularity in early pictorialism: George Davison......Page 71
August Strindberg......Page 75
Pinhole's demise in the early 20th century......Page 78
Rebirth (1960–1990)......Page 82
The body as camera......Page 112
Room-sized camera obscuras......Page 120
Taken with time: a camera obscura project......Page 135
The legacy project: the great picture......Page 136
CHAPTER 5 The Basic How-To of Pinhole Photography......Page 140
The camera......Page 142
Materials needed......Page 144
Mounting the pinhole......Page 145
Painting the interior of the camera black......Page 146
Loading the pinhole camera......Page 148
Exposing the negative......Page 151
Motion......Page 154
Photographing the miniature......Page 159
Multiple cameras......Page 160
Popular misconceptions......Page 163
Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day......Page 165
Optimal pinhole formulas......Page 166
Methods used for measuring the pinhole......Page 169
Building plans for a 4 × 5-inch superwide pinhole camera......Page 171
Making a pinhole turret......Page 174
Depth of field......Page 176
Photographing onto a flat film plane......Page 177
Photographing onto a curved film plane......Page 185
Photographing onto an angled flat film plane......Page 190
Exposure times......Page 192
Exposing with polaroid materials......Page 195
Filters......Page 197
Viewfinders......Page 200
Other unusual pinhole cameras......Page 201
Altering existing cameras to pinhole......Page 206
Zone plates......Page 210
Zone plate cameras......Page 212
Exposing......Page 215
Increasing contrast in zone plate negatives......Page 216
Slit imaging......Page 219
Alternatives to slits......Page 223
CHAPTER 8 Digital Imaging with Pinholes, Zone Plates, and Alternatives......Page 226
Making digital pinhole and zone plate images......Page 227
Pinhole spy cameras......Page 233
Digital printing for nonsilver processes......Page 236
Theory......Page 238
Images......Page 239
Into space: solar and lunar imaging......Page 249
Nonprofit organizations......Page 256
Private individuals and small companies making pinhole products......Page 257
Commercial photographic suppliers carrying pinhole products......Page 258
Individual pinhole photographers' websites......Page 259
Recently published books......Page 261
Recently published monographs......Page 262
Recent self-published books and museum/gallery catalogs......Page 263
Pinhole noonmarks, pinhole perspective devices......Page 264
C......Page 266
F......Page 267
L......Page 268
O......Page 269
P......Page 270
T......Page 271
Z......Page 272