Physics of Solid-State Laser Materials

Preface
About This Book
Contents
About the Authors
1 Energy Level of Free Ions
	1.1 Energy Levels of the Single Electron in Atoms (Free Ions)
	1.2 General Properties of Energy Level in Multi-electron of Free Ions
	1.3 Energy Levels of Free Transition-Metal Ions
	1.4 Energy Levels of Free Rare Earth Ions
	1.5 Theory of Interactions in Rare Earth Ions
	References
2 Group Theory and Quantum Theory
	2.1 Mathematical Description of the Symmetry
	2.2 Basic Conception of the Group
	2.3 Theory of Group Representations
	2.4 Direct Product Group and Direct Product Representation
	2.5 Sketches of the Group in Spectroscopy
		2.5.1 Finite Group
		2.5.2 Permutation Group
		2.5.3 Continuous Groups
	2.6 Point Group and Their Representation
	2.7 Symmetry and Quantum Theory of the Ions in Solids
	2.8 Full Rotation Group and Angular Momentum Theory
	2.9 Irreducible Tensor Operators and the Calculation of Matrix Elements
	References
3 Rare Earth Ions in Materials
	3.1 Crystal Field on the Active Ions
	3.2 Energy Level Splitting of the Rare Earth Ions
	3.3 Crystal Field Quantum Number
	3.4 Group Chain Scheme Method in Crystal Field Analysis
	References
4 Theory of Radiative Transition
	4.1 Interactions Between Active Ions and Radiation
	4.2 Probability of Emission and Absorption Processes
	4.3 Selection Rules for Radiative Transition
		4.3.1 Selection Rules for Radiative Transition of Free Ions and Atoms
		4.3.2 Selection Rules for Radiative Transition of Ions in Materials
	References
5 Spectroscopic Parameter and Their Calculation
	5.1 Absorption Coefficient, Absorption (Emission) Cross-Section, and Oscillator Strength
	5.2 Analysis of the Absorption Coefficients of Anisotropic Crystal
	5.3 Judd–Ofelt Approximation and Related Parameter
	5.4 Spectroscopic Parameter Calculation of Rare Earth Ion in Crystal
	5.5 Hypersensitive Transitions
	References
6 Phonon and Spectral Line
	6.1 Quantization of Lattice Vibration—Phonon
	6.2 Phonon Emission and Absorption in the Optical Transition
	6.3 Main Mechanisms of the Thermal Spectral Line Broadening and Shifting
	6.4 The Contribution of Single-Phonon Absorption (Emission) to the Spectral Linewidth
	6.5 The Contribution of Phonon Raman Scattering to the Spectral Linewidth
	6.6 Calculation of the Thermal Shifting of Spectral Lines
	6.7 Examples for the Calculation of Thermal Spectral Line Broadening and Shifting
	References
7 Energy Levels and Spectroscopic Properties of Transition Metal Ions
	7.1 Energy Levels and Spectral Properties of 3d1 Electron System
	7.2 Energy Levels and Spectral Properties of 3d2 Electron System
	7.3 Energy Levels and Spectral Properties of 3d3 Electronic System
	7.4 Relative Intensity Analysis of R Line in Ruby Polarized Absorption Spectrum
	7.5 Estimation of Trivalent Chromium Ion Spectral Parameters in Solid-State Laser Materials
	References
8 Non-radiative Transition Inside Ions
	8.1 Introduction of Non-radiative Transition Matrix Elements
	8.2 Promoting Mode and Accepting Mode in Non-radiative Transition Process
	8.3 Non-radiative Transition Probability for Weak Coupling Systems
	8.4 Parallelism Between Non-radiative Transition Probability and Radiative Transition Probability
	8.5 Temperature Dependence of Non-radiative Transition Probability in Weak Coupling Systems
		8.5.1 Experimental
	8.6 Non-radiative Transition in Strong Coupling Systems
	8.7 Nonlinear Theory of Non-radiative Transition
	8.8 Stimulated Non-radiative Transition
	References
9 Energy Transfer and Migration Between Ions
	9.1 Theory of Resonant Energy Transfer
	9.2 Phonon-Assisted Energy Transfer Between Ions
	9.3 Statistical Theory of Energy Transfer Between Ions
	9.4 Energy Migration Between Ions
	9.5 Characteristics of Concentration Dependent Fluorescence Quenching for Self-activated Laser Crystals
	References
10 Laser and Physical Properties of Materials
	10.1 Brief Introduction of Solid-State Laser Principle
	10.2 Quality Factor of Solid-State Laser Materials
	10.3 Relationship Between Laser Threshold and Chemical Composition of Host Materials
	10.4 Thermo-Mechanical and Thermo-Optical Properties of Solid-State Laser Materials
	10.5 Laser Damage and Nonlinear Optical Properties
	References
11 Nonlinear Optical Properties of Laser Crystals and Their Applications
	11.1 Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Effect of Crystal
	11.2 Relationship Between Fundamental and Second Harmonic Waves in SFD Laser Crystal
	11.3 Nonlinear Optical Coupling Equation of SFD Laser
	11.4 Self Sum-Frequency Mixing Effect in Nonlinear Laser Crystal
	11.5 Stimulated Raman Scattering Effect of Laser Crystal
	References
12 Apparent Crystal Field Model of Laser Glass and Its Application
	12.1 Structure and Spectral Characteristics of Glasses
	12.2 Apparent Crystal Field Hamiltonian for Rare Earth Ions in Non-crystal Host
	12.3 Crystal Field Level Analysis for Er3+ Ions in Three Typical Glasses
	References
Appendix A Character Tables for Point-Symmetry Group
Appendix B Correlation Table of Group–Subgroup
Appendix C Multiplication Tables for Some Point Groups
Appendix D Squared Reduced-Matrix Elements of Unit Operator for J → J′ Transition in Rare Earth Ions
Appendix E 3jm Factors for Some Group Chains
Appendix F Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients of the Cubic Point Group with Trigonal Bases
Appendix G Integral Numerical Value Associated with the Thermal Effect of the Spectra
Index