PHYSICS OF NONLINEAR OPTICS

Preface to Second Edition
Preface to First Edition
Contents
About the Authors
List of Figures
1 From Optics to Photonics
	1.1 The Charm and Challenge of Photonics
	1.2 The Nature of Optical Nonlinearity
	1.3 Overcoming the Materials Bottleneck
	1.4 The Expanding Frontiers
	1.5 Explorations
2 A Phenomenological View of Nonlinear Optics
	2.1 Optics in the Nonlinear World
		2.1.1 Introduction
		2.1.2 First-Order Susceptibility
		2.1.3 Second-Order Susceptibility
		2.1.4 Third-Order Susceptibility
	2.2 Time Domain Response
		2.2.1 First-Order Polarization—Time Domain Response
		2.2.2 Higher-Order Polarizations—Time Domain Response
	2.3 Frequency Domain Response
		2.3.1 First-Order Susceptibility
		2.3.2 Second-Order Susceptibility
		2.3.3 General Order (n) Susceptibility
	2.4 The nth-Order Polarization
	2.5 Monochromatic Waves
	2.6 Calculation of the Factor K
		2.6.1 Optical Rectification
		2.6.2 Second-Harmonic Generation
		2.6.3 Pockels Effect
		2.6.4 Sum and Difference Frequency Generation
		2.6.5 Third-Harmonic Generation
		2.6.6 Non-degenerate Four-Wave Mixing
	2.7 Explorations
3 Symmetry and Susceptibility Tensors
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Crystal Symmetry and Susceptibility Tensors
		3.2.1 Neumann Principle
		3.2.2 Symmetry of Second-Order Susceptibility
		3.2.3 Second-Harmonic Generation
		3.2.4 Kleinman Symmetry
		3.2.5 Symmetry of Third-Order Susceptibility
	3.3 The Dielectric Permittivity Tensor
	3.4 The Refractive Index Ellipsoid
	3.5 Explorations
4 Calculation of Nonlinear Susceptibilities
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Physical Quantities in Quantum Physics
		4.1.2 The Projection Operator
	4.2 The Equation of Motion
	4.3 Ensembles of Particles
	4.4 Time-Dependent Perturbation
	4.5 Dipolar Interaction
	4.6 First-Order Density Matrix
	4.7 Second-Order Density Matrix
	4.8 Third-Order Density Matrix
	4.9 Double Integrals in the Expressions for Density Matrix
	4.10 Second-Harmonic Susceptibility
	4.11 Relaxation Effects
	4.12 Applications to Color Centers
		4.12.1 Third-Order Susceptibility
		4.12.2 Second-Order Susceptibility
	4.13 Explorations
5 Nonlinear Wave Mixing Processes
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Elements of Electromagnetism
	5.3 Traveling Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space
		5.3.1 Energy Density in the Traveling Wave
	5.4 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Linear Materials
	5.5 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Nonlinear Materials
		5.5.1 The Wave Equation
		5.5.2 Energy Transfer Rate
	5.6 Three-Wave Mixing
		5.6.1 An Approximation
	5.7 Second-Harmonic Generation
		5.7.1 Phase Matching Schemes
		5.7.2 Accurate Treatment of Second-Harmonic Generation
	5.8 Explorations
6 Optical Phase Conjugation and Bistability
	6.1 Optical Phase Conjugation
		6.1.1 Phase Conjugation as Time Reversal
		6.1.2 Phase Conjugation Through Four-Wave Mixing
		6.1.3 Practical Realization
		6.1.4 Peculiar Properties of the Phase Conjugate Beam
		6.1.5 The Grating Picture
		6.1.6 Applications of Phase Conjugation
	6.2 Optical Bistability and Photonic Switching
		6.2.1 Refractive Index at High Intensities: An Overview
		6.2.2 Fabry–Pėrot Etalon
		6.2.3 Photonic Switching in a Nonlinear Fabry–Pėrot Etalon
	6.3 Explorations
7 Self-focusing, Phase Modulation,  and Pulse Shaping
	7.1 Self-focusing of Light
		7.1.1 The Concept of Self-focusing
		7.1.2 Self-trapping and Spatial Solitons
		7.1.3 The z-Scan Experiment
		7.1.4 Analysis of the z-Scan Trace
		7.1.5 Measurement of Nonlinear Optical Absorption
		7.1.6 Mechanisms of Nonlinear Absorption
	7.2 Self-phase Modulation (SPM)
	7.3 Pulse Shaping and Optical Soliton Propagation
		7.3.1 Solitary Waves and Optical Solitons
	7.4 Explorations
8 Mechanisms and Materials
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Mechanisms of Nonlinearity
		8.2.1 Anharmonicity of Potential
		8.2.2 Thermal Mechanism
		8.2.3 Orientational Mechanism
		8.2.4 Inelastic Photon Scattering
		8.2.5 Photorefractivity
		8.2.6 Saturable Absorption
		8.2.7 Band Gap Distortion (Franz–Keldysh Effect)
		8.2.8 Band Filling Mechanism
		8.2.9 Non-parabolicity of Bands
		8.2.10 Delocalization of Electrons
	8.3 A Perspective on Newer Materials and Processes
		8.3.1 Low-Dimensional Materials
		8.3.2 Photonic Band Gap Materials
		8.3.3 Slowing of Light and the Effect on Nonlinearity
		8.3.4 Supercontinuum Generation
	8.4 Explorations
9 Basics of Multi-photon Microscopy
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Techniques for Bio-imaging with High Resolution
		9.2.1 Fluorescence Microscopy
		9.2.2 Confocal Scanning Microscopy
	9.3 Multi-photon Microscopy with IR Laser Sources
		9.3.1 Principles and Experimental Techniques
		9.3.2 Fluorescent Labels in Microscopy
	9.4 Use of Multi-photon Absorption in Quantum Dots
	9.5 Outlook
	9.6 Explorations
Appendix  Bibliography
Appendix  References