Physics of Functional Materials

Physics of Functional Materials......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
1.1 Introduction......Page 11
1.2 X-ray Analysis......Page 12
1.3 The Hard Sphere Model of Atoms......Page 20
1.4 Crystal Structure......Page 22
1.5 Crystal Structures of Solid Metals......Page 29
1.6 Crystal Defects in Pure Metals......Page 34
1.7 Structures of Alloy Melts and Solids......Page 40
Summary......Page 49
Exercises......Page 52
2 Theory of Atoms and Molecules......Page 55
2.2 The Bohr Model of Atomic Structure......Page 56
2.3 The Quantum Mechanical Model of Atomic Structure......Page 58
2.4 Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for Atoms......Page 67
2.5 Quantum Mechanics and Probability: Selection Rules......Page 75
2.6 The Quantum Mechanical Model of Molecular Structure......Page 81
2.7 Diatomic Molecules......Page 85
2.8 Polyatomic Molecules......Page 98
Summary......Page 99
Exercises......Page 104
3.1 Introduction......Page 107
3.2 Bonds in Molecules and Solids: Some Definitions......Page 108
3.3 Bonds in Molecules and Nonmetallic Solids......Page 110
3.4 Metallic Bonds......Page 122
3.5 Band Theory of Solids......Page 135
3.6 Elastic Vibrations in Solids......Page 156
3.7 Influence of Lattice Defects on Electronic Structures in Crystals......Page 161
Summary......Page 167
Exercises......Page 173
4 Properties of Gases......Page 179
4.2 Kinetic Theory of Gases......Page 180
4.3 Energy Distribution in Particle Systems: Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution Law......Page 184
4.4 Gas Laws......Page 188
4.5 Heat Capacity......Page 195
4.6 Mean Free Path......Page 202
4.7 Viscosity......Page 206
4.8 Thermal Conduction......Page 208
4.9 Diffusion......Page 209
4.10 Molecular Sizes......Page 214
4.11 Properties of Gas Mixtures......Page 215
4.12 Plasma – The Fourth State of Matter......Page 218
Summary......Page 223
Exercises......Page 226
5 Transformation Kinetics: Diffusion in Solids......Page 229
5.2 Thermodynamics......Page 230
5.3 Transformation Kinetics......Page 246
5.4 Reaction Rates......Page 252
5.5 Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions in Gases......Page 255
5.6 Diffusion in Solids......Page 263
Summary......Page 286
Exercises......Page 293
6.1 Introduction......Page 297
6.2 Total Energy of Metallic Crystals......Page 298
6.3 Elasticity and Compressibility......Page 300
6.4 Expansion......Page 306
6.5 Heat Capacity......Page 313
6.6 Magnetism......Page 327
Summary......Page 343
Exercises......Page 347
7 Transport Properties of Solids. Optical Properties of Solids......Page 351
7.2 Thermal Conduction......Page 352
7.3 Electrical Conduction......Page 357
7.4 Metallic Conductors......Page 360
7.5 Insulators......Page 367
7.6 Semiconductors......Page 372
7.7 Optical Properties of Solids......Page 385
Summary......Page 398
Exercises......Page 404
8 Properties of Liquids and Melts......Page 409
8.2 X-ray Spectra of Liquids and Melts......Page 410
8.3 Models of Pure Liquids and Melts......Page 412
8.4 Melting Points of Solid Metals......Page 416
8.5 Density and Volume......Page 417
8.6 Thermal Expansion......Page 419
8.7 Heat Capacity......Page 422
8.8 Transport Properties of Liquids......Page 425
8.9 Diffusion......Page 426
8.10 Viscosity......Page 435
8.11 Thermal Conduction......Page 448
8.12 Electrical Conduction......Page 449
Summary......Page 453
Exercises......Page 459
Answers to Exercises......Page 465
Index......Page 485