Physical Chemistry of Ionic Materials: Ions and Electrons in Solids

Cover
Half Title
Physical Chemistry of Ionic Materials: Ions and Electrons in Solids
Copyright
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
1. Introduction
	1.1 Motivation
	1.2 The Defect Concept: Point Defects as the Main Actors
	References
2. Bonding Aspects: From Atoms to Solid State
	2.1 Chemical Bonding in Simple Molecules
		2.1.1 Ideal Covalent Bonding
		2.1.2 Polar Covalent Bonding
		2.1.3 The Ionic Bonding
		2.1.4 Metallic Bonding
		2.1.5 Further Intermediate Forms of Chemical Bonding
		2.1.6 Two-Body Potential Functions
	2.2 Many Atoms in Contact: The Solid State as a Giant Molecule
		2.2.1 The Band Model
		2.2.2 Ionic Crystals
		2.2.3 Molecular Crystals
		2.2.4 Covalent Crystals
		2.2.5 Metallic Crystals
		2.2.6 Mixed Forms of Bonding in Solids
		2.2.7 Crystal Structure and Solid State Structure
		2.2.8 Atomistic Modelling
	References
3. Phonons
	3.1 Einstein and Debye models
	3.2 Deviations From Ideality
	References
4. Equilibrium Thermodynamics of the Perfect Solid
	4.1 Preliminary Remarks
	4.2 The Formalism of Equilibrium Thermodynamics
	4.3 Examples of Equilibrium Thermodynamics
		4.3.1 Solid–Solid Phase Transition
		4.3.2 Melting and Evaporation
		4.3.3 Solid–Solid Reaction
		4.3.4 Solid–Gas Reaction
		4.3.5 Phase Equilibria and Mixing Reactions
		4.3.6 Spatial Equilibria in Inhomogeneous Systems
		4.3.7 Thermodynamics of Elastically Deformed Solids
		4.3.8 The Thermodynamic Functions of State of the Perfect Solid
	References
5. Equilibrium Thermodynamics of the Real Solid
	5.1 Preliminary Remarks
	5.2 Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Point Defect Formation
	5.3 Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Electronic Defects
	5.4 Higher-Dimensional Defects
		5.4.1 Equilibrium Concentration
		5.4.2 Dislocations: Structure and Energetics
		5.4.3 Interfaces: Structure and Energetics
		5.4.4 Interfacial Thermodynamics and Local Mechanical Equilibria
	5.5 Point Defect Reactions
		5.5.1 Simple Internal Defect Equilibria
		5.5.2 External Defect Equilibria
	5.6 Doping and Freezing Effects
	5.7 Interactions Between Defects
		5.7.1 Associates
		5.7.2 Activity Coefficients
	5.8 Boundary Layers
		5.8.1 General
		5.8.2 Concentration Profiles in the Space Charge Zones
		5.8.3 Conductivity Effects
		5.8.4 Defect Thermodynamics of Interface: The Core-Space Charge Picture
		5.8.5 Examples and Supplementary Comments
	References
6. Kinetics and Irreversible Thermodynamics
	6.1 Transport and Reaction
		6.1.1 Transport and Reaction in the Light of Irreversible Thermodynamics
		6.1.2 Transport and Reaction in the Light of Chemical Kinetics
	6.2 Electrical Mobility
		6.2.1 Ion Mobility
		6.2.2 Electron Mobility
	6.3 Phenomenological Diffusion Coefficients
		6.3.1 Ion Conduction and Self-Diffusion
		6.3.2 Tracer Diffusion
		6.3.3 Chemical Diffusion
		6.3.4 A Comparison of the Phenomenological Diffusion Coefficients
	6.4 Concentration Profiles
	6.5 Diffusion Kinetics of Stoichiometry Change
	6.6 Complications of Matter Transport
		6.6.1 Internal Interactions
		6.6.2 Diffusion in Multicomponent Systems
		6.6.3 Chemical Diffusion and Electrochemical Storage
		6.6.4 Boundary Layers and Grain Boundaries
	6.7 Surface Reactions
		6.7.1 Elementary Processes
		6.7.2 Coupled Reactions
		6.7.3 Phenomenological Rate Constants
		6.7.4 Reactivity, Chemical Resistance and Chemical Capacitance
	6.8 Catalysis
	6.9 Solid State Reactions
		6.9.1 Fundamental Principles
		6.9.2 Morphological and Mechanistic Complications
	6.10 Processes Under Illumination
	6.11 Nonlinear Phenomena
		6.11.1 Irreversible Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics far From Equilibrium, and the Special Role of Autocatalysis
		6.11.2 Nonequilibrium Structures in Time and Space
		6.11.3 The Concept of Fractal Geometry
	References
7. Solid State Electrochemistry I: Measurement Techniques
	7.1 Preliminary Remarks
		7.1.1 Current and Voltage in the Light of Defect Chemistry
		7.1.2 Electrochemical Measurement Cells
	7.2 Open Circuit Cells
		7.2.1 Equilibrium Cells: Thermodynamic Measurements
		7.2.2 Permeation Cells and Chemical Polarization: Measurement of TransportParameters
	7.3 Polarization Cells
		7.3.1 Dielectric and Interfacial Polarization
		7.3.2 Stoichiometry Polarization
		7.3.3 Impedance Spectroscopy
		7.3.4 Cyclic Voltammetry
		7.3.5 Inhomogeneities and Heterogeneities: Many-Point Measurements and Point Electrodes
	7.4 Coulometric Titration Cells
	References
8. Solid State Electrochemistry II: Applications and Devices
	8.1 Sensors, Actuators and Related Devices
		8.1.1 Electrochemical Sensors
		8.1.2 Electrochemical Actuators
	8.2 Electrochemical Devices for Energy Conversion and Storage
		8.2.1 Cells Generating Current: General
		8.2.2 Fuel Cells
		8.2.3 Batteries
		8.2.4 Supercapacitors
		8.2.5 Photoelectrochemical Devices
	8.3 Bioelectrochemical Elements
	8.4 Outlook
	References
9. Nanoionics
	9.1 Thermodynamic Aspects of Nanoparticles
	9.2 Charge Carrier Thermodynamics in Nanosystems
	9.3 Ion and Mass Transport Involving Interfaces
		9.3.1 Ion Transport: Semi-Infinite
		9.3.2 Ion Transport: Mesoscopic
		9.3.3 Ion Transport: Mesoscopic Phase Transition
		9.3.4 Fluoride Heterolayers
		9.3.5 Nanocrystalline Oxides
		9.3.6 Chemical Diffusion in Nano-Systems
	9.4 Storage in Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites
		9.4.1 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Storage in Nanoparticles
		9.4.2 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Storage at Interfaces
		9.4.3 Storage and Nano-Morphology
	9.5 Nanoionics: Beyond Solid State Ionics Applications
	9.6 Pushing Nanoionics to the Limits
	References
Index