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دانلود کتاب Physical Chemistry

دانلود کتاب شیمی فیزیکی

مشخصات کتاب

Physical Chemistry

دسته بندی: شیمی فیزیکی
ویرایش: 4 
نویسندگان: Robert J. Silbey,  Robert A. Alberty,  Moungi G. Bawendi  
سری:  
ISBN (شابک) : 047121504X, 9780471215042 
ناشر: Wiley 
سال نشر: 2004 
تعداد صفحات: 958 
زبان: English 
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) 
حجم فایل: 7 مگابایت

قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 56,000

کلمات کلیدی مربوط به کتاب شیمی فیزیکی: شیمی فیزیک، فیزیک و نظری، شیمی، علوم و ریاضی، شیمی بالینی، آسیب شناسی، داخلی، پزشکی، شیمی، علوم و ریاضیات، کتاب های درسی جدید، مستعمل و اجاره ای، بوتیک تخصصی

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تعداد امتیاز دهندگان : 10

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توجه داشته باشید کتاب شیمی فیزیکی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.

توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب شیمی فیزیکی

از زمانی که شیمی فیزیک برای اولین بار در سال 1913 منتشر شد (که در آن زمان تحت عنوان طرح کلی شیمی نظری، توسط فردریک گتمن) منتشر شد، به لطف تلاش‌های انجام شده، ابزار یادگیری بسیار مؤثر و مرتبط باقی مانده است. شیمیدانان فیزیک از سراسر جهان هر نسخه جدید از پیشنهادات و توصیه های تخصصی آنها بهره برده است. نتیجه این سنت قابل توجه اکنون در دستان شماست.

این نسخه چهارم شیمی فیزیک توسط سیلبی، آلبرتی و باوندی که اکنون بازبینی و به روز شده است، به ارائه توضیحات فوق العاده واضحی از مفاهیم و روش ها ادامه می دهد. نظریه پایه شیمی از دیدگاه شیمیدانان فیزیک دانشگاهی ارائه شده است، اما بحث های مفصل در مورد کاربردهای عملی در سراسر یکپارچه شده است. مسائل موجود در کتاب همچنین به طرز ماهرانه ای تئوری و کاربردها را در هم می آمیزند.

نکات مهم نسخه چهارم:

مجموعاً 170 مسئله کامپیوتری مناسب برای MATHEMATICA^TM، MATHCAD^TM، MATLAB^TM یا MAPLE^TM.
تاکید بیشتر بر ترمودینامیک و سینتیک واکنش‌های بیوشیمیایی، از جمله دناتوره شدن پروتئین‌ها و اسیدهای نوکلئیک.
پوشش گسترده ای از کاربردهای مکانیک آماری، آرامش مغناطیسی هسته ای، علم نانو، و واکنش های شیمیایی نوسانی.
تعداد زیادی جداول و شکل های جدید در سراسر متن.

توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی

Ever since Physical Chemistry was first published in 1913 (then titled Outlines of Theoretical Chemistry, by Frederick Getman), it has remained a highly effective and relevant learning tool thanks to the efforts of physical chemists from all over the world. Each new edition has benefited from their suggestions and expert advice. The result of this remarkable tradition is now in your hands.

Now revised and updated, this Fourth Edition of Physical Chemistry by Silbey, Alberty, and Bawendi continues to present exceptionally clear explanations of concepts and methods. The basic theory of chemistry is presented from the viewpoint of academic physical chemists, but detailed discussions of practical applications are integrated throughout. The problems in the book also skillfully blend theory and applications.

Highlights of the Fourth Edition:

A total of 170 computer problems appropriate for MATHEMATICA^TM, MATHCAD^TM, MATLAB^TM, or MAPLE^TM.
Increased emphasis on the thermodynamics and kinetics of biochemical reactions, including the denaturation of proteins and nucleic acids.
Expanded coverage of the uses of statistical mechanics, nuclear magnetic relaxation, nanoscience, and oscillating chemical reactions.
Many new tables and figures throughout the text.

فهرست مطالب

Copyright ... 4
Preface ... 5
CONTENTS ... 8
Part ONE: THERMODYNAMICS ... 11
	1: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and Equations of State ... 13
		1.1 STATE OF A SYSTEM ... 14
		1.2 THE ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ... 16
		1.3 THE IDEAL GAS TEMPERATURE SCALE ... 18
		1.4 IDEAL GAS MIXTURES AND DALTON’S LAW ... 20
		1.5 REAL GASES AND THE VIRIAL EQUATION ... 21
		1.6 PVT SURFACE FOR A ONE-COMPONENT SYSTEM ... 25
		1.7 CRITICAL PHENOMENA ... 26
		1.8 THE VAN DER WAALS EQUATION ... 27
		1.9 DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF A SYSTEM WITHOUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS ... 31
		1.10 PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTIES ... 33
		1.11 SPECIAL TOPIC: BAROMETRIC FORMULA ... 34
		REFERENCES ... 37
		PROBLEMS ... 37
	2: First Law of Thermodynamics ... 40
		2.1 WORK AND HEAT ... 41
		2.2 FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS AND INTERNAL ENERGY ... 44
		2.3 EXACT AND INEXACT DIFFERENTIALS ... 46
		2.4 WORK OF COMPRESSION AND EXPANSION OF A GAS AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE ... 49
		2.5 VARIOUS KINDS OF WORK ... 54
		2.6 CHANGE IN STATE AT CONSTANT VOLUME ... 56
		2.7 ENTHALPY AND CHANGE OF STATE AT CONSTANT PRESSURE ... 58
		2.8 HEAT CAPACITIES ... 60
		2.9 JOULE THOMSON EXPANSION ... 63
		2.10 ADIABATIC PROCESSES WITH GASES ... 64
		2.11 THERMOCHEMISTRY ... 66
		2.12 ENTHALPY OF FORMATION ... 70
		2.13 CALORIMETRY ... 73
		REFERENCES ... 78
		PROBLEMS ... 79
	3: Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics ... 84
		3.1 ENTROPY AS A STATE FUNCTION ... 85
		3.2 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ... 87
		3.3 ENTROPY CHANGES IN REVERSIBLE PROCESSES ... 91
		3.4 ENTROPY CHANGES IN IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES ... 95
		3.5 ENTROPY OF MIXING IDEAL GASES ... 97
		3.6 ENTROPY AND STATISTICAL PROBABILITY ... 98
		3.7 CALORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ENTROPIES ... 101
		3.8 THE THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ... 102
		3.9 SPECIAL TOPIC: HEAT ENGINES ... 104
		REFERENCES ... 108
		PROBLEMS ... 108
	4: Fundamental Equations of Thermodynamics ... 112
		4.1 FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION FOR THE INTERNAL ENERGY ... 113
		4.2 DEFINITIONS OF ADDITIONAL THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS USING LEGENDRE TRANSFORMS ... 115
		4.3 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE GIBBS ENERGY ... 121
		4.4 EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON THE GIBBS ENERGY ... 122
		4.5 FUGACITY AND ACTIVITY ... 125
		4.6 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ... 128
		4.7 ADDITIVITY OF PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTIES WITH APPLICATIONS TO IDEAL GASES ... 130
		4.8 GIBBS DUHEM EQUATION ... 134
		4.9 SPECIAL TOPIC: ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS OF MAXWELL RELATIONS ... 135
		REFERENCES ... 138
		PROBLEMS ... 138
	5: Chemical Equilibrium ... 142
		5.1 DERIVATION OF THE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM EXPRESSION ... 143
		5.2 EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT EXPRESSIONS FOR GAS REACTIONS ... 146
		5.3 DETERMINATION OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS ... 148
		5.4 USE OF STANDARD GIBBS ENERGIES OF FORMATION TO CALCULATE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS ... 153
		5.5 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT ... 155
		5.6 EFFECT OF PRESSURE, INITIAL COMPOSITION, AND INERT GASES ON THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION ... 160
		5.7 EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS FOR GAS REACTIONS WRITTEN IN TERMS OF CONCENTRATIONS ... 162
		5.8 HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS ... 164
		5.9 DEGREES OF FREEDOM AND THE PHASE RULE ... 165
		5.10 SPECIAL TOPIC: ISOMER GROUP THERMODYNAMICS ... 171
		5.11 SPECIAL TOPIC: CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AS MATRIX EQUATIONS ... 173
		REFERENCES ... 179
		PROBLEMS ... 179
	6: Phase Equilibrium ... 187
		6.1 PHASE DIAGRAMS OF ONE-COMPONENT SYSTEMS ... 188
		6.2 THE CLAPEYRON EQUATION ... 191
		6.3 THE CLAUSIUS–CLAPEYRON EQUATION ... 193
		6.4 VAPOR–LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF BINARY LIQUID MIXTURES ... 195
		6.5 VAPOR PRESSURE OF NONIDEAL MIXTURES AND HENRY’S LAW ... 202
		6.6 ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS ... 205
		6.7 COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES ... 208
		6.8 TWO-COMPONENT SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF SOLID AND LIQUID PHASES ... 212
		6.9 SPECIAL TOPIC: EFFECT OF SURFACE TENSION ON THE VAPOR PRESSURE ... 215
		REFERENCES ... 220
		PROBLEMS ... 220
	7: Electrochemical Equilibrium ... 228
		7.1 COULOMB’S LAW, ELECTRIC FIELD, AND ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ... 229
		7.2 EQUILIBRIA INVOLVING POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES ... 230
		7.3 EQUATION FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL ... 232
		7.4 ACTIVITY OF ELECTROLYTES ... 237
		¨ 7.5 DEBYE–HUCKEL THEORY ... 239
		7.6 DETERMINATION OF STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IONS ... 244
		7.7 STANDARD ELECTRODE POTENTIALS ... 249
		7.8 DETERMINATION OF pH ... 253
		7.9 SPECIAL TOPIC: FUEL CELLS ... 255
		7.10 SPECIAL TOPIC: MEMBRANE POTENTIAL ... 256
		REFERENCES ... 258
		PROBLEMS ... 259
	8: Thermodynamics of Biochemical Reactions ... 264
		8.1 EXACT TREATMENT OF THE DISSOCIATION OF WEAK ACIDS ... 265
		8.2 PRACTICAL CALCULATIONS WITH WEAK ACIDS ... 267
		8.3 THERMODYNAMICS OF ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS ... 274
		8.4 FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR THE TRANSFORMED GIBBS ENERGY ... 278
		8.5 CALCULATION OF STANDARD TRANSFORMED FORMATION PROPERTIES OF REACTANTS IN BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS ... 281
		8.6 COUPLING OF BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS ... 286
		8.7 BINDING OF OXYGEN BY MYOGLOBIN AND HEMOGLOBIN ... 288
		8.8 PROTEIN DENATURATION ... 290
		8.9 DNA DENATURATION ... 292
		8.10 SPECIAL TOPIC: STATISTICAL EFFECTS IN POLYPROTIC ACIDS ... 294
		REFERENCES ... 296
		PROBLEMS ... 297
Part TWO: QUANTUM CHEMISTRY ... 303
	9: Quantum Theory ... 305
		9.1 CLASSICAL MECHANICS FAILED TO DESCRIBE EXPERIMENTS ON ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHENOMENA ... 306
		9.2 THE HEISENBERG UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE ... 309
		9.3 THE SCHRODINGER EQUATION ... 311
		9.4 OPERATORS ... 314
		9.5 EXPECTATION VALUES AND SUPERPOSITION ... 319
		9.6 PARTICLE IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL BOX ... 321
		9.7 PARTICLE IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL BOX ... 327
		9.8 RELATION BETWEEN COMMUTABILITY AND PRECISION OF MEASUREMENT ... 331
		9.9 CLASSICAL HARMONIC OSCILLATOR ... 332
		9.10 QUANTUM MECHANICAL HARMONIC OSCILLATOR ... 335
		9.11 THE RIGID ROTOR ... 339
		9.12 ANGULAR MOMENTUM ... 341
		9.13 POSTULATES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS ... 346
		9.14 SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TIME-DEPENDENT  SCHRODINGER EQUATION ... 347
		9.15 SPECIAL TOPIC: TUNNELING AND REFLECTION ... 348
		9.16 SPECIAL TOPIC: BLACKBODY RADIATION ... 350
		9.17 SPECIAL TOPIC: SUPERPOSITION OF VIBRATIONAL STATES AND WAVE PACKETS ... 350
		REFERENCES ... 353
		PROBLEMS ... 354
	10: Atomic Structure ... 358
		¨ 10.1 THE SCHRODINGER EQUATION FOR HYDROGENLIKE ATOMS ... 359
		10.2 THE SPECTRUM OF HYDROGEN ATOMS ... 363
		10.3 EIGENFUNCTIONS AND PROBABILITY DENSITIES FOR HYDROGENLIKE ATOMS ... 366
		10.4 ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF THE HYDROGENLIKE ATOM ... 371
		10.5 ELECTRON SPIN ... 374
		10.6 VARIATIONAL METHOD ... 378
		10.7 HELIUM ATOM ... 379
		10.8 PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE ... 381
		10.9 HARTREE–FOCK SELF-CONSISTENT FIELD METHOD ... 385
		10.10 THE PERIODIC TABLE AND THE AUFBAU PRINCIPLE ... 387
		10.11 IONIZATION ENERGY AND ELECTRON AFFINITY ... 388
		10.12 ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS ... 391
		10.13 ATOMIC TERM SYMBOLS ... 394
		10.14 SPECIAL TOPIC: ATOMIC SPECTRA AND SELECTION RULES ... 397
		10.15 SPECIAL TOPIC: ATOMIC UNITS ... 400
		REFERENCES ... 402
		PROBLEMS ... 402
	11: Molecular Electronic Structure ... 406
		11.1 THE BORN–OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION ... 407
		11.2 THE HYDROGEN MOLECULE ION ... 408
		11.3 CALCULATION OF THE ENERGY OF THE HYDROGEN MOLECULE ION ... 410
		11.4 MOLECULAR ORBITAL DESCRIPTION OF THE HYDROGEN MOLECULE ... 417
		11.5 ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS OF HOMONUCLEAR DIATOMIC MOLECULES ... 421
		11.6 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF POLYATOMIC MOLECULES: VALENCE BOND METHOD ... 426
		11.7 HUCKEL MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY ... 429
		11.8 DIPOLE MOMENTS AND IONIC BONDING ... 435
		11.9 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES ... 437
		11.10 SPECIAL TOPICS: HYDROGEN BONDS, HYBRID ORBITALS, AND BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS ... 440
		REFERENCES ... 443
		PROBLEMS ... 444
	12: Symmetry ... 447
		12.1 SYMMETRY ELEMENTS AND SYMMETRY OPERATIONS ... 448
		12.2 THE ROTATION OPERATION AND THE SYMMETRY AXIS ... 449
		12.3 THE REFLECTION OPERATION AND THE SYMMETRY PLANE ... 450
		12.4 THE INVERSION OPERATION AND THE CENTER OF SYMMETRY ... 451
		12.5 ROTATION-REFLECTION AND THE IMPROPER AXIS ... 452
		12.6 IDENTIFICATION OF POINT GROUPS OF MOLECULES ... 453
		12.7 WHAT SYMMETRY TELLS US ABOUT DIPOLE MOMENTS AND OPTICAL ACTIVITY ... 457
		12.8 SPECIAL TOPIC: MATRIX REPRESENTATIONS ... 458
		12.9 SPECIAL TOPIC: CHARACTER TABLES ... 462
		REFERENCES ... 465
		PROBLEMS ... 465
	13: Rotational and Vibrational Spectroscopy ... 468
		13.1 THE BASIC IDEAS OF SPECTROSCOPY ... 469
		13.2 EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS AND SELECTION RULES ... 470
		13.3 SCHRODINGER EQUATION FOR NUCLEAR MOTION ... 474
		13.4 ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES ... 475
		13.5 ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF POLYATOMIC MOLECULES ... 479
		13.6 VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES ... 485
		13.7 VIBRATION–ROTATION SPECTRA OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES ... 493
		13.8 VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF POLYATOMIC MOLECULES ... 496
		13.9 RAMAN SPECTRA ... 501
		13.10 SPECIAL TOPIC: FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY ... 506
		REFERENCES ... 508
		PROBLEMS ... 508
	14: Electronic Spectroscopy of Molecules ... 512
		14.1 ELECTRONIC ENERGY LEVELS AND SELECTION RULES ... 512
		14.2 ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES AND THE FRANCK–CONDON PRINCIPLE ... 515
		14.3 DETERMINATION OF DISSOCIATION ENERGIES ... 520
		14.4 SPECTROPHOTOMETERS AND THE BEER–LAMBERT LAW ... 521
		14.5 OSCILLATOR STRENGTH ... 525
		14.6 ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF POLYATOMIC MOLECULES ... 527
		14.7 CONJUGATED MOLECULES: FREE-ELECTRON MODEL ... 528
		14.8 FLUORESCENCE AND PHOSPHORESCENCE ... 529
		14.9 LASERS ... 533
		14.10 PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY ... 537
		14.11 SPECIAL TOPIC: OPTICAL ACTIVITY AND OPTICAL ROTATION ... 539
		REFERENCES ... 543
		PROBLEMS ... 544
	15: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ... 547
		15.1 NUCLEAR MAGNETISM AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ... 548
		15.2 ENERGY LEVELS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ... 550
		15.3 FOURIER TRANSFORM NMR SPECTROMETER ... 555
		15.4 THE CHEMICAL SHIFT ... 556
		15.5 INTERNUCLEAR SPIN–SPIN COUPLING ... 560
		15.6 SPIN–SPIN SPLITTING IN AX AND AB SYSTEMS ... 562
		15.7 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RELAXATION ... 566
		15.8 TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR ... 570
		15.9 ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE ... 572
		15.10 SPECIAL TOPIC: FOURIER TRANSFORMS ... 574
		REFERENCES ... 575
		PROBLEMS ... 575
	16: Statistical Mechanics ... 578
		16.1 THE BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION ... 579
		16.2 SINGLE-MOLECULE PARTITION FUNCTION FOR AN IDEAL GAS ... 584
		16.3 TRANSLATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASES ... 586
		16.4 VIBRATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASES ... 590
		16.5 ROTATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASES ... 593
		16.6 ELECTRONIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASES ... 596
		16.7 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASES ... 598
		16.8 DIRECT CALCULATION OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS FOR REACTIONS OF IDEAL GASES ... 601
		16.9 EQUIPARTITION ... 606
		16.10 ENSEMBLES ... 607
		16.11 NONIDEAL GASES ... 609
		16.12 HEAT CAPACITIES OF SOLIDS ... 611
		16.13 SPECIAL TOPIC: FLUCTUATIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITIES ... 613
		REFERENCES ... 615
		PROBLEMS ... 615
Part THREE: KINETICS ... 621
	17: Kinetic Theory of Gases ... 623
		17.1 PROBABILITY DENSITY FOR MOLECULAR SPEEDS OF GAS MOLECULES ... 623
		17.2 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN ONE DIRECTION ... 625
		17.3 MAXWELL DISTRIBUTION OF SPEEDS ... 627
		17.4 TYPES OF AVERAGE SPEEDS ... 630
		17.5 PRESSURE OF AN IDEAL GAS ... 633
		17.6 COLLISIONS WITH A SURFACE AND EFFUSION ... 634
		17.7 COLLISIONS OF HARD-SPHERE MOLECULES ... 636
		17.8 EFFECTS OF MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS ON COLLISIONS ... 641
		17.9 SPECIAL TOPIC: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN GASES ... 642
		17.10 SPECIAL TOPIC: CALCULATION OF TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS ... 645
		REFERENCES ... 647
		PROBLEMS ... 648
	18: Experimental Kinetics and Gas Reactions ... 651
		18.1 RATE OF REACTION ... 652
		18.2 ORDER OF REACTION ... 654
		18.3 REVERSIBLE FIRST-ORDER REACTIONS ... 660
		18.4 CONSECUTIVE FIRST-ORDER REACTIONS ... 661
		18.5 MICROSCOPIC REVERSIBILITY AND DETAILED BALANCE ... 665
		18.6 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ... 667
		18.7 MECHANISMS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS ... 669
		18.8 RELATION BETWEEN RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE FORWARD AND BACKWARD REACTIONS ... 672
		18.9 BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS ... 675
		18.10 UNIMOLECULAR AND TRIMOLECULAR REACTIONS ... 677
		18.11 UNBRANCHED CHAIN REACTIONS ... 684
		18.12 BRANCHED CHAIN REACTIONS ... 685
		REFERENCES ... 688
		PROBLEMS ... 688
	19: Chemical Dynamics and Photochemistry ... 696
		19.1 SIMPLE COLLISION THEORY OF BIMOLECULAR REACTIONS ... 697
		19.2 POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES ... 700
		19.3 THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF A RATE CONSTANT ... 702
		19.4 TRANSITION-STATE THEORY ... 707
		19.5 MOLECULAR BEAM EXPERIMENTS ... 712
		19.6 PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY ... 714
		19.7 RATES OF INTRAMOLECULAR PROCESSES AND INTERMOLECULAR ENERGY TRANSFER ... 716
		19.8 PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS AND THEIR QUANTUM YIELDS ... 720
		19.9 THE OZONE LAYER IN THE STRATOSPHERE ... 722
		19.10 FEMTOSECOND TRANSITION-STATE SPECTROSCOPY ... 724
		19.11 SPECIAL TOPIC: APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY ... 728
		REFERENCES ... 730
		PROBLEMS ... 730
	20: Kinetics in the Liquid Phase ... 734
		20.1 VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID ... 735
		20.2 DIFFUSION ... 736
		20.3 MOBILITY OF AN ION ... 740
		20.4 ENCOUNTER PAIRS AND SOLVENT CAGE ... 743
		20.5 DIFFUSION-CONTROLLED REACTIONS IN LIQUIDS ... 745
		20.6 RELAXATION TIME FOR A ONE-STEP REACTION ... 748
		20.7 ACID AND BASE CATALYSIS ... 750
		20.8 PRIMARY KINETIC SALT EFFECT ... 752
		20.9 RATES OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS ... 754
		20.10 ENZYME CATALYSIS ... 755
		20.11 OSCILLATING CHEMICAL REACTIONS ... 762
		REFERENCES ... 764
		PROBLEMS ... 765
Part FOUR: MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURES ... 771
	21: Macromolecules ... 773
		21.1 SIZE AND SHAPE OF MACROMOLECULES ... 773
		21.2 OSMOTIC PRESSURE OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS ... 774
		21.3 SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF POLYMER CHAINS ... 777
		21.4 MOLAR MASS DISTRIBUTIONS OF STEP-GROWTH POLYMERS ... 782
		21.5 DETERMINATION OF MOLAR MASSES USING VISCOSITY, SEDIMENTATION, AND LIGHT SCATTERING ... 786
		REFERENCES ... 793
		PROBLEMS ... 793
	22: Electric and Magnetic Properties of Molecules ... 796
		22.1 POLARIZATION OF A DIELECTRIC ... 796
		22.2 POLARIZABILITY OF A DIELECTRIC ... 799
		22.3 ORIENTATION POLARIZATION OF A DIELECTRIC ... 799
		22.4 REFRACTIVE INDEX ... 802
		22.5 MAGNETIZATION ... 805
		22.6 TYPES OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS ... 807
		REFERENCES ... 811
		PROBLEMS ... 811
	23: Solid-State Chemistry ... 813
		23.1 CLASSIFICATION OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES ... 814
		23.2 DESIGNATION OF CRYSTAL PLANES ... 818
		23.3 DIFFRACTION METHODS ... 821
		23.4 CUBIC LATTICES ... 824
		23.5 ION RADII AND ATOM RADII ... 825
		23.6 SCATTERING OF X-RAYS FROM A UNIT CELL ... 829
		23.7 BINDING FORCES AND PACKING IN CRYSTALS ... 834
		23.8 STRUCTURE OF LIQUIDS ... 838
		23.9 LIQUID CRYSTALS ... 839
		23.10 THEORETICAL TREATMENT OF THE ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION IN SOLIDS ... 839
		23.11 SPECIAL TOPIC: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY ... 840
		23.12 SPECIAL TOPIC: QUANTUM CONFINED SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES ... 843
		REFERENCES ... 847
		PROBLEMS ... 848
	24: Surface Dynamics ... 850
		24.1 PHYSISORPTION AND CHEMISORPTION ... 850
		24.2 LANGMUIR ADSORPTION ISOTHERM ... 853
		24.3 USE OF ADSORPTION MEASUREMENTS TO DETERMINE SURFACE AREA ... 855
		24.4 LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION (LEED) ... 857
		24.5 ELECTRON EMISSION FROM SURFACES ... 859
		24.6 SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY (STM) AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (AFM) ... 861
		24.7 THEORY OF SURFACE REACTIONS ... 863
		24.8 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS ... 863
		24.9 SPECIAL TOPIC: SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION ... 866
		REFERENCES ... 869
		PROBLEMS ... 869
APPENDIX ... 871
	A: Physical Quantities and Units ... 873
	B: Values of Physical Constants ... 877
	C: Tables of Physical Chemical Data ... 878
	D: Mathematical Relations ... 894
	E: Greek Alphabet ... 907
	F: Useful Information on the Web ... 908
	G: Symbols for Physical Quantities and Their SI Units ... 909
	H: Answers to the First Set of Problems ... 922
INDEX ... 943