PhraseBook for Writing Papers and Research in English

PhraseBook for Writing Papers and Research in English iii......Page 3
About the PhraseBook vi......Page 6
How to use the PhraseBook viii......Page 8
Using the PhraseBook in the classroom xii......Page 12
Writing Help 1......Page 13
Varieties of English 2......Page 14
University and research writing 3......Page 15
Avoiding colloquial language 5......Page 17
Avoiding contracted forms 7......Page 19
Avoiding cliches 8......Page 20
Avoiding tautology 10......Page 22
Referring to yourself 11......Page 23
Referring to the reader 13......Page 25
Referring generally 14......Page 26
he and she 15......Page 27
Other types of bias 18......Page 30
British and US spellings 21......Page 33
z and s spellings 32......Page 44
Full stop (GB) or period (US) 36......Page 48
Comma 37......Page 49
Colon 39......Page 51
Question mark 40......Page 52
Hyphen 41......Page 53
Hyphenation of prefixes 42......Page 54
Using the hyphen in temporary compounds before a noun 45......Page 57
Dash 46......Page 58
The possessive with 's 48......Page 60
Quotation marks 51......Page 63
Punctuation at the end of quotations 52......Page 64
Punctuating titles, legends and bullets 54......Page 66
Parenthesis and ellipsis 57......Page 69
References 59......Page 71
Abbreviations 64......Page 76
Capitalization 71......Page 83
Noncount nouns 74......Page 86
Singular words ending in -s 77......Page 89
Irregular plurals 79......Page 91
Confusing words: singular and plural 87......Page 99
Confusing words: pronouns 89......Page 101
Irregular verbs 90......Page 102
Differences in vocabulary in English varieties 95......Page 107
Ambiguous words 96......Page 108
Confusing words 97......Page 109
Confusing prefixes 99......Page 111
Alternatives to get 101......Page 113
Numbers 106......Page 118
Time 117......Page 129
Phrases 121......Page 133
Preface and acknowledgements 122......Page 134
About the author or authors 126......Page 138
Introducing a study, chapter or section 129......Page 141
The aim of your study and outlining the topic 131......Page 143
Defining the scope of your study 136......Page 148
Your method or approach 139......Page 151
Definitions, notation and terminology 145......Page 157
Presenting data 150......Page 162
Giving examples 154......Page 166
The relationship to other work 157......Page 169
Referring to other work 164......Page 176
Reviewing other work 167......Page 179
What you agree with 170......Page 182
What you disagree with 172......Page 184
Arguing your case and putting forward ideas 177......Page 189
Arguing against 180......Page 192
Analysis and discussion 182......Page 194
Explanation 187......Page 199
Qualifying 190......Page 202
Quantifying 195......Page 207
Time 202......Page 214
Hypotheses and probability 207......Page 219
Rhetorical questions and addressing your audience 211......Page 223
Compare and contrast 213......Page 225
Tying a text together 219......Page 231
Presenting results 222......Page 234
Interpreting findings 226......Page 238
Concluding a study, chapter or section 230......Page 242
Summary and abstract 235......Page 247
Thesaurus 239......Page 251
Glossary and Reference 263......Page 275
University and research terminology 264......Page 276
Greek, Latin and other elements 277......Page 289
SI prefixes 301......Page 313
SI and British-American units 303......Page 315