Photonic Crystal and Its Applications for Next Generation Systems

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
1 Hot Atomic Vapor for Photonic Crystal-Based Optical Components
	Introduction
	Tamm Plasmon in 1D-Photonic Crystal
	Bloch Surface Waves in 1D-Photonic Crystals
	References
2 Highly Efficient Graphene-Based Optical Components for Networking Applications
	Graphene
	Graphene-Based Optical Switches
	Plasmonic Decoder
	Plasmonic Encoder
	References
3 A Nonlinear Optical Benzil Single Crystal for Photonic Applications
	Introduction
		Brief Research History of Photonic Crystal
		Fundamental Principles of Photonic Crystal
		Fabrication of Photonic Crystals
		Photonic Crystal Optical Devices
		Photonic Benzil Single Crystal
	Experimental Procedure
		Growth of Benzil Crystal
	Results and Discussion
		UV–Vis Spectral Studies
		FTIR Spectral Analysis
		Dielectric Studies
		Hardness Study
		Etching Studies
		Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Thermal Studies
	Conclusion
	References
4 Highly Efficient Materials for Photonic Crystal-Based Optical Components
	General Introduction
	Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals
		Reflectance
		Absorptance
		Transmittance
	Types of Photonic Crystals
		One-Dimensional PhCs
		Two-Dimensional PhCs
		Three-Dimensional PhCs
	Applications of PhCs
	PhC-based Optical Components
		Waveguides
		Multichannel Filters
		Logic Gates
		Sensors
		Lab-On-Chip Devices
	Summary and Future Prospective
	References
5 Fabrication of Unidirectional Grown 1, 3, 5-Triphenylbenzene Single Crystal for Nonlinear Optical and Fast Neutron Detector Applications
	Introduction
		Organic Molecules for NLO Applications
		Organic Molecules for Scintillators
		Properties of Scintillator Materials
		Importance of the Scintillation Crystals
	Experimental Details
		Crystal Growth
		Z-Scan Technique TNLO Property
	Result and Discussions
		Third Harmonic Generation
		Laser Damage Threshold (LDT)
		Gamma Energy Calibration
		Time Resolution of TPB Detector
		Fast Neutron Detection
	Conclusion
	References
6 Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal-Based Filters Review
	Introduction
	Photonic Crystals in Nature
	Photonic Crystal-Based Filters
	Optical Filter Classification
		Add–Drop Filters
		Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Add–drop Filter
		Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Add–Drop Filter
	Pcrr-Based Optical Add–Drop Filter
		Circular-Shaped Add–Drop Filter
	Multi-channel Tunable Filter
	Wavelength Filter with Dual Ring
	Conclusion
	References
7 Photonic Crystal-Based 2D Demultiplexer for DWDM Systems
	Introduction
	Literature Review
		Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator Mechanism-Based DWDM Demultiplexer
		Photonic Crystal Resonant Cavity (Line/Point Defects) Mechanism-Based DWDM Demultiplexer
	Fabrication Steps of Air Holes Structure
		Limitation of Existing Work and Future Enhancement
	Conclusion
	References
8 Investigation of Ultra-Small and Efficient Encoders and Decoders for High-Speed Optical Communication Systems
	Introduction
	Introduction of Photonic Crystal and Its Classification
	Photonic Band Diagram
	Numerical Methods
	Functional Parameters
	Photonic Crystal-Based Encoder
	Photonic Crystal-Based Decoder
	Conclusion
	References
9 Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications
	Fundamentals of Photonic Crystal Fibers
	Refractive Index Measurements
	Gas Sensors
	Fluorescence-Based Sensors
	Glucose Detection
	Conclusions
	References
10 Photonic Crystal Biosensors for Healthcare and Pathologic Diagnostic Application
	Introduction
	The Photonic Crystal Structure for Sensor and Biosensor Applications
	Sensing Mechanism of Photonic Crystal in Sensors and Biosensors
	Significant Parameters and Structure of Photonic Crystal in Sensors and Biosensors
		Sensitivity of Photonic Crystal Sensor
		Quality Factor
		Limit of Detection
		Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM)
		Free Spectral Range (FSR)
	Biosensor Application of Photonic Crystal
		Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Detection of Nucleic Acids and Protein
		Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Detection of Cancer Cell
	Conclusion
	References
11 High-Frequency Photonic Crystal-Based Terahertz Antenna for Medical Applications
	Introduction
	Microstrip Patch Antenna
	Techniques for Feeding
		Coaxial Probe Feed
		Line Feed Microstrip
		Feed with Aperture
		Proximity-Coupled Feed
	Different Substrates
	Antenna in Medical World
	Procedure
		Evaluation of Extent (H) of the Patch
		Evaluation of Width (W) of the Patch
		Evaluation of the Effective Dielectric Constant ( εeff )
		Evaluation of the Effective Length of the Patch (Leff)
		Evaluation of the Length Extension ( ΔL )
		Evaluation of the Actual Length (L) of the Patch
		Dimensions of the Ground Plane Are Calculation
		Feed Point Evaluation
	Photonic Crystal Structure
	Proposed Structure
	Optimization of the Substrate Height “h”
		Return Loss
		Vswr
		Directivity
		Gain
	Comparison of Proposed Work with Existing Results
	Conclusion
	References
12 Role of Photonics in Energy Crisis
	Introduction
	Electrification Through Photovoltaics
		Antireflective Surfaces Made with Photonic Crystals
		Optical Crystal Surfaces with Omnidirectional Antireflection
		Solar Cell Systems Based on Plasmonic Nanostructures
		Geometrical Effects of Particles and Their Surroundings
		Excitation of Excitons by Light Absorption
	Photocurrent Generation in PSCs
	Participating Producers Will Consent to Utilize the Label and Adhere to the Rules
	Energy-Efficient Photonic Systems Using Green Photonic
		Silicon Photonics
		Fiber Lasers
	Education in Optics
		Light Pollution
		Simple Light Pollution Solutions
		Artificial Photosynthesis
	Global Energy Crisis
	References