Photochemical Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy

Photochemical Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
CONTRIBUTING SPONSORS......Page 3
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 14
II. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 18
III. DISCUSSION......Page 30
IV. CONCLUSION......Page 34
REFERENCES......Page 35
DISCUSSION......Page 36
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 40
II. LIGHT ENERGY CONVERSION IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS......Page 43
III. SOME PROPERTIES OF CHLOROPHYLL RELEVANT TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS......Page 46
IV. EPR PROPERTIES OF IN VIVO PHOTOREACTION CENTERS......Page 52
V. THE CHLOROPHYLL SPECIAL PAIR (Chlsp)......Page 54
VI. MODELS FOR Chlsp......Page 59
VII. BIOMIMETIC CHLOROPHYLL SPECIAL PAIRS......Page 63
VIII. MODELS OF Chlsp ELECTRON TRANSFER......Page 72
IX. ANTENNA CHLOROPHYLL MODELS......Page 75
X. THE OXYGEN SIDE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS......Page 82
REFERENCES......Page 83
DISCUSSION......Page 88
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 92
II. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTRA......Page 93
III. FLUORESCENT CONCENTRATORS AND OTHER APPLICATIONS......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 104
DISCUSSION......Page 107
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 110
II. ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED STATES AS REDOX REACTANTS......Page 111
III. KINETIC TREATMENT......Page 119
IV. COMPARISONS AMONG TYPICAL EXCITED STATE REDOX REACTANTS......Page 132
REFERENCES......Page 136
DISCUSSION......Page 138
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 144
II. STABILIZATION OF REDOX INTERMEDIATES BY MICELLAR SYSTEMS......Page 147
III. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION......Page 152
IV. CATALYSIS OF OXYGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER......Page 160
V. CYCLIC WATER DECOMPOSITION......Page 162
REFERENCES......Page 168
DISCUSSION......Page 172
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 174
II. PHOTOINDÜCED HYDROGEN GENERATION FROM WATER......Page 179
III. PHOTÜIHDUCED OXYGEN GENERATION FROM WATER......Page 188
IV. PHOTOCHEMICAL GENERATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM WATER......Page 192
REFERENCES......Page 204
DISCUSSION......Page 211
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 214
II. CRITERIA FOR THE SUCCESSFUL PHOTOGALVANIC CELL......Page 217
III. RECENT WORK ON PHOTOGALVANIC CELLS......Page 222
IV. CAN THE IRON-THIONINE CELL BE IMPROVED?......Page 232
V. STUDIES ON OTHER SYSTEMS......Page 233
VI. THE OUTLOOK FOR PHOTOGALVANIC CELLS......Page 234
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 237
DISCUSSION......Page 239
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 242
II. OPERATION OF A SOLAR CELL......Page 244
III. FABRICATION OF A SILICON SOLAR CELL......Page 246
REFERENCES......Page 251
DISCUSSION......Page 252
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 256
II. ENERGETICS OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR–LIQUID INTERFACE......Page 257
III. THEORETICAL CONVERSION EFFICIENCY AND THE 'IDEAL* SOLAR CELL......Page 258
IV. STABILITY OF ELECTRODES AND EXPERIMENTAL EFFICIENCIES......Page 261
V. PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES......Page 264
VI. SURFACE REACTIONS......Page 268
REFERENCES......Page 278
DISCUSSION......Page 280
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 284
II. BRIEF REVIEW OF PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION......Page 285
III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PHOTOELECTROSYNTHESIS......Page 288
IV. CONCLUSIONS......Page 301
REFERENCES......Page 302
DISCUSSION......Page 305
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 310
II. PHOTOCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE......Page 329
III. NONIDEALITIES IN REAL PHOTOCHEMICAL STORAGE SYSTEMS......Page 335
IV. TWO EXAMPLES OF PHOTOCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE......Page 339
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 341
REFERENCES......Page 342
DISCUSSION......Page 343
GENERAL DISCUSSION......Page 354
SIMULATING PHOTOSYNTHETIC QUANTUM CONVERSION......Page 360
BIOMIMETIC AND MODEL SYSTEMS FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION......Page 368
QUANTUM HARVESTING AND ENERGY TRANSFER......Page 376
PHOTOCHEMICAL ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTIONS......Page 382
PHOTOINDUCED WATER SPLITTING IN HETEROGENEOUS SOLUTIONS......Page 390
PHOTOCHEMICAL H2 AND O2 PRODUCTION IN METAL COMPLEX SYSTEMS......Page 398
PHOTOGALVANIC CELLS AND EFFECTS......Page 404
NEW INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES......Page 412
CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS......Page 416
ELECTROCHEMICAL PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS......Page 422
PHOTOELECROSYNTHESIS AT SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES......Page 434
PHOTOCHEMICAL STORAGE......Page 442
Index......Page 450