Philosophy law of torts

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
I. First Attempts......Page 13
Naïve Moral Theory......Page 14
A Positivist Response......Page 15
From the Prescriptive Point of View: Distributive Justice......Page 17
Remedial Theories......Page 19
Monist Strategies......Page 27
Pluralist Strategies......Page 29
Notes......Page 33
2 A Social Contract Conception of the Tort Law of Accidents......Page 34
I. The Conception......Page 35
II. Choosing Between Negligence and Strict Liability......Page 42
A. Fairness as Reciprocity of Risk......Page 43
B. Fairness as Reciprocity of Harm......Page 47
C. Fairness as Proportionality of Burden and Benefit......Page 50
III. Duty and Breach: “Due Care as Reasonableness”......Page 54
A. Precaution and Proportionality......Page 57
B. The Conduct of Reasonable Persons......Page 64
C. The Template of Reasonableness......Page 66
D. Subordinate Doctrines of Due Care......Page 76
Notes......Page 77
I. Introduction......Page 84
II. Non-Consequentialism and Liability for Unintentional Harm......Page 87
III. The General Concept of Outcome-Responsibility......Page 93
IV. Avoidability as the Basis of Outcome-Responsibility......Page 103
V. The Coherence of Foreseeability......Page 109
VI. The Meaning of Capacity to Foresee......Page 113
VII. Action, Interaction, and the Meaning of Due Care......Page 120
VIII. Is Outcome-Responsibility Redundant?......Page 127
IX. Conclusion......Page 131
Notes......Page 132
I. Introductory: Understanding Tort Law......Page 143
II.1......Page 146
II.2......Page 149
III.1......Page 151
III.2......Page 152
III.3......Page 154
III.4......Page 155
III.5......Page 157
III.6......Page 160
III.7......Page 161
III.8......Page 162
IV.1......Page 164
IV.2 The Equality of Corrective Justice (A)......Page 165
IV.3 The Equality of Corrective Justice (B)......Page 168
IV.4......Page 172
V.1......Page 175
V.2 First Objection: Lack of Constraint......Page 177
V.3 Second Objection: Competing Concerns......Page 181
V.4......Page 182
Notes......Page 184
5 Tort Law and Tort Theory......Page 195
I.......Page 197
II.......Page 201
III.......Page 206
IV.......Page 209
V.......Page 214
VI.......Page 216
VII.......Page 218
Notes......Page 221
I. Introduction......Page 226
II.1 Three Dimensions of Duty......Page 229
II.2 Duties in Tort Law and Compensatory Damages......Page 230
II.3 A Potential Confusion......Page 232
III.1 The Moral Challenge to the Causation Requirement......Page 233
III.2 Recourse......Page 234
III.3 Risk Ownership and Injury......Page 235
IV.1 The Problem......Page 237
IV.2 At-Fault Pools......Page 238
IV.3 One Big At-Fault Pool?......Page 241
V.1 Introduction......Page 243
V.3 The Normative Basis of Burdens of Proof......Page 244
V.4 Shifting the Burden in Sindell......Page 245
V.5 Market-Share Liability......Page 248
V.6 Doctrinal Controversies over Market-Share Liability......Page 249
V.7 Summers v. Tice......Page 252
V.8 Sindell Revisited......Page 255
VI. Conclusion......Page 256
Notes......Page 258
7 Economics, Moral Philosophy, and the Positive Analysis of Tort Law......Page 262
A. Case-by-Case Adjudication......Page 264
B. The Role of Injurers and Victims, and the Significance of Causality......Page 269
II. Positive Analysis of Substantive Tort Law......Page 271
A. Objective Versus Subjective Valuation of Individual Interests......Page 272
B. Weighting Individual Interests......Page 274
III. Implications of the Positive Analysis of Tort Law......Page 277
IV. Positive Analysis: The Link Between Economics and Moral Philosophy......Page 279
Conclusion......Page 281
Notes......Page 282
I. Introduction......Page 288
A. Impossibilities and Limited Possibilities......Page 292
B. Independence Conditions and Problematic Profiles......Page 294
C. Two Different Forms of Multi-Criterial Ordering......Page 300
III. Intraprofile Impossibilities in Accident Law......Page 303
A. Neutral Intraprofile Impossibility in Accident Law: The Case of Majority Voting......Page 304
B. Nonneutral Intraprofile Impossibility in Accident Law: The Strategy of Criterial Separation......Page 313
A. Conceptual Orderings and Relational Welfare: The Relevance of Excuses......Page 320
B. Tort Law, Corrective Justice, and Reasonable Deterrence......Page 322
C. Tort Law, Corrective Justice, and Reasonable Compensation......Page 324
V. Conclusion......Page 328
Notes......Page 329
References......Page 335
Index......Page 347