Philosophical Foundation of Human Rights

Preface
Contents
Abbreviations and Sources of Codifications
List of Figures
1: Introduction
	1.1	 The Aims of the Lecture
	1.2	 The Concept of Human Rights
	1.3	 The Concept of Philosophy
	1.4	 The Reasons in Favor of a Philosophical Analysis and Foundation of Human Rights
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
2: Utilitarian and Aristotelian Approach
	2.1	 The Utilitarian Approach
	2.2	 The Aristotelian Approach
	2.3	 Requirements for an Adequate Theory of Foundation
	Reading Recommendations
3: The Social Contract Approach
	3.1	 The Theory of Social Contract
	3.2	 Thomas Hobbes
	3.3	 John Locke
	3.4	 Jean-Jacques Rousseau
	3.5	 John Rawls
	3.6	 Why Social Contract Theories Cannot Serve as a Foundation for Human Rights
	3.7	 A New Approach After World War II
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
4: The Human Dignity Approach
	4.1	 Human Dignity in International Law
	4.2	 The History of the Notion “Human Dignity”
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
5: The Human Dignity Principle I
	5.1	 Dignity as a Value Judgment
	5.2	 Dignity as a Specific Category of Value
	5.3	 Personhood as the Value Standard of Dignity
	5.4	 “Me-Dignity” and General Human Dignity
	5.5	 The Risk of Empirical Error
	Reading Recommendations
6: The Human Dignity Principle II
	6.1	 The Equiprimordiality Thesis
	6.2	 Dependence on Passive Recognition of Personhood
	6.3	 Dependence on Active Recognition of Personhood
	6.4	 Verification or Failing of Falsification?
	6.5	 The Generality of the Equiprimordiality Thesis
	6.6	 Human Dignity in Cases of Doubt
	Reading Recommendations
7: From Human Dignity to Human Rights
	7.1	 What Is a Right?
	7.2	 What Is Meant by Having a Right?
	7.3	 Deriving Obligations from Values
	7.4	 Deriving Rights from Values
	Reading Recommendations
8: Human Rights Concerning the Protection of Physical and Mental Integrity
	8.1 The Multitude of Human Rights
	8.2 The Ban on Inhuman/Degrading/Cruel Treatment and Torture in International Law
	8.3 Philosophical Analysis
	8.4 Critique of the Case Law
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
9: Freedom of Movement and the Rights Under Detention
	9.1 The Habeas Corpus Rights
	9.2 Humane Living Conditions While Under Detention
	9.3 The Function of Article 10 ICCPR
	9.4 Total Institutions
	9.5 The Fight to Freedom of Movement
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
10: Human Rights Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Integrity
	10.1 The Freedom of Information
	10.2 Freedom of Expression
	10.3 Freedom from Censorship
	10.4 The Right to Free Assembly and the Right to Free Association
	10.5 Restriction Clauses
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
11: The Human Right to Privacy
	11.1 The History of Privacy Rights
	11.2 The Need for Privacy
	11.3 The Particular Rights to Privacy in Light of Goffman’s Theory
		11.3.1 The Right to Privacy in One’s Home
		11.3.2 The Right to Private Life
		11.3.3 The Right to Freedom of Marriage
		11.3.4 The Right to Freedom of Establishing a Family
		11.3.5 The Right to Family Life
		11.3.6 The Right to Privacy in One’s Correspondence
	11.4 Protection of Social Ties (“Rootedness”)
	11.5 Limiting Clauses of the Codified Human Rights to Privacy
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
12: The Right to Freedom of Conscience
	12.1 The History of the Legal Concept “Conscience”
	12.2 The Mechanism of Conscience
	12.3 Is the Right to Freedom of Conscience a Human Right?
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
13: The Right to Spiritual Freedom
	13.1 The Generality of Freedom of Religion
	13.2 The Freedom to Believe or Not Believe
	13.3 The Freedom to Practice Religion
	13.4 Religious Practices and the Maintenance of Personhood
	13.5 The Criticism of Case Law
	13.6 The Timeliness of Religious Freedom
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
14: The Right to Life
	14.1 The Codification of the Right to Life
	14.2 The Unique Character of the  Right to Life
	14.3 The Existence-as-Attribute Thesis
	14.4 The Basis Thesis
	14.5 The Sanctity of Life Thesis
	14.6 The Mortal Fear Thesis
	14.7 The Function of the Right to Life
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
15: Social Human Rights
	15.1 The Distinction Between Liberal and Social Human Rights
	15.2 The Codification of Social Human Rights
	15.3 The List of Codified Social Human Rights
	15.4 The Goods of the Social Human Rights and its Relevance for Humane Living Conditions
	15.5 Duties to Refrain From Doing Something and Duties to Do Something
	15.6 The Utilitarian Approach
	15.7 The Deontological Approach
	15.8 Social “Human Rights” are Not Human Rights
	15.9 The Redundancy of Social Human Rights
	Reading Recommendations
		Case law
16: Right to Asylum
	16.1 The Right to Asylum in International Law
	16.2 Is There a Moral Human Right to Global Free Movement?
	16.3 Is There a Moral Human Right to Asylum?
	16.4 Right to Asylum for Asylum Seekers Inside the State Borders
	16.5 The Refoulement Ban in Positive Asylum Law
	16.6 Right to Asylum for Asylum Seekers Outside the State Borders
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
17: Fake Human Rights
	17.1	 The Right to Property
	17.2	 Philosophical Conceptions of Property
	17.3	 Collective Human Rights
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
18: The Principles of Liberty
	18.1	 Liberty in Positive Law
	18.2	 The Content of the Principle of Liberty
	18.3	 Rules and Principles
	18.4	 The Philosophical Foundation of the Principle of Liberty
	18.5	 The Legal Instruments for Taking Care of Liberty
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
19: The Principles of Equality
	19.1	 The General Appearance of Equality within Human Rights Codifications
	19.2	 Is There a Human Right to Equality?
	19.3	 Is There a Human Right Against Discrimination on Reasons of “Race”, Color, Sex Etc.?
	19.4	 Is There a Human Right Against Discrimination on Reasons of Making Use of Human Rights?
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
20: Rights in Conflict
	20.1	 Methods for Resolving Norm Conflicts
	20.2	 Freedom of Action v. Freedom of Action
	20.3	 Margin Human Right v. Freedom of Action
	20.4	 Margin Human Right v. Margin Human Right
	20.5	 Freedom of Action v. Core Human Right
	20.6	 Margin Human Right v. Core Human Right
	20.7	 Core Human Right v. Core Human Right
	Reading Recommendations
		Case Law
21: Do You Still Remember – The Answers
	21.1 Answers to Chapter 1
	21.2 Answers to Chapter 2
	21.3 Answers to Chapter 3
	21.4 Answers to Chapter 4
	21.5 Answers to Chapter 5
	21.6 Answers to Chapter 6
	21.7 Answers to Chapter 7
	21.8 Answers to Chapter 8
	21.9 Answers to Chapter 9
	21.10 Answers to Chapter 10
	21.11 Answers to Chapter 11
	21.12 Answers to Chapter 12
	21.13 Answers to Chapter 13
	21.14 Answers to Chapter 14
	21.15 Answers to Chapter 15
	21.16 Answers to Chapter 16
	21.17 Answers to Chapter 17
	21.18 Answers to Chapter 18
	21.19 Answers to Chapter 19
	21.20 Answers to Chapter 20
Index