Petun to Wyandot: The Ontario Petun from the Sixteenth Century

COVER
© Copyright
ABSTRACT
RÉSUMÉ
Table of Contents
Editors’ Foreword
Foreword
	Dedication
	Acknowledgements and Thanks
Chapter 1: Background Information
	1.0 Overview
	1.1 Knowing Less
	1.2 The Method Followed
	1.3 Some Basic Concepts and Understandings
Chapter 2: Locating the Petun Country
	2.0 Introduction
	2.1 Physical Geography
	2.2 Maps Showing the Petun Country
	2.3 Primary Source Maps
	2.4 Secondary Source Maps
	2.5 Crossing the Nottawasaga River
	2.6 Distance and Directional Information to the Petun Country
	2.7 Ekarenniondi as a Territory and as Lake Huron
	2.8 Trails through the Petun Country
	2.9 The Routes from the Petun Country to the Neutrals
	2.10 Conclusions
Chapter 3: The Origins of the Petun
	3.0 Searching for the Origins of the Petun
	3.1 Wyandot Creation Myth
	3.2 Iroquois Creation and Confederacy Founding Myths Related to the Petun
	3.3 Later History: Directions of Mythological and Possible Ancient Origins
	3.4 The Historical Approach
	3.5 The Anthropological Approach
	3.6 The Archaeological Approach
	3.7 On the Origins of the Petun
Chapter 4: French Sources
	4.0 Explorers, Traders and Truchements
	4.1 Samuel de Champlain
	4.2 Truchements (Interpreters)
	4.3 The Missionaries
Chapter 5: The Mission of the Apostles to the Petun, 1639-1650
	5.0 A Clash of Beliefs
	5.1 The Founding of the Mission of the Apostles to the Khionontateronons (see Figure 5.1)
	5.2 The Mission of the Apostles 1639-1640
	5.3 The Mission of the Apostles 1640-1641
	5.4 The Mission of the Apostles 1641-1642
	5.5 The Mission of the Apostles 1642-1645
	5.6 The Mission of the Apostles 1646-1648
	5.7 The Mission of the Apostles 1649
	5.8 The Closing of the Mission of the Apostles
Chapter 6: Using Native Artifacts to Interpret Petun Sites
	6.0 Introduction
	6.1 Using Native Pottery
	6.2 Petun Origins and Distant Relationships
	6.3 Using Native Clay Smoking Pipe Bowls (Figures 6.1 and 6.2)
	6.4 Using Chert Types
	6.5 Using Shamanic Artifacts
	6.6 Using Marine Shell
	6.7 Site Sequences and Pottery Coefficients
	6.8 Four Problems in Further Dating Petun Sites
	6.9 Site Dating Information from Native Artifacts Summarised by Artifact Type and GBP
	6.10 Site Dating Information from Native Artifacts Summarised (Table 6.17)
Chapter 7: Using European Artifacts to Interpret Petun Sites
	7.0 Introduction
	7.1 Using Glass Trade Beads
	7.2 Using European Brass and Copper
	7.3 Using Iron Trade Knives
	7.4 Using Iron Trade Axes
	7.5 Using Swords
	7.6 Using Guns
	7.7 Using Brass Bezelled Finger Rings
	7.8 Using Other French Imported Goods
	7.9 Dating the European Artifacts and the Sites
	7.10 Observations on 7.7 through 7.9
	7.11 Site Dating Information from European Artifacts Summarised by Artifact Type and GBP (Table 7.13)
	7.12 Observations on Table 7.14
Chapter  8: Petun Subsistence and Economy
	8.0 Introduction
	8.1 The Little Ice Age
	8.2 Diet and Tobacco
	8.3 Petun Forest Environment Indicated by Recovered Charred Wood
	8.4 The Petun Use of Faunal Resources
	8.5 Conclusions and Possibilities
Chapter 9: Petun Village and Camp Sites Interpreted
	9.0 Introduction
	9.1 The Ontario Archaeological Sequence and the Petun Country
	9.2 A Partial Inventory of Pre-Petun and Petun Village and Camp Remains in the Petun Country from Late Middleport to Dispersal
	9.3 The Arrival of the French: The Villages Visited by Champlain in 1616
	9.4 The Villages of the Mission of the Apostles 1639-1641 (Figure 5.1)
	9.5 The Village Attacked by the Iroquois 1640
	9.6 The Villages of the Resumed Mission of the Apostles 1646-1650 (Figure 5.1)
	9.7 The Village Attacked by the Iroquois 1647 and 1649
	9.8 The Villages of the Dispersal 1650
	9.9 Evident Village Removal Sequences
	9.10 The Petun Sequence
	9.11 A Final Observation
Chapter 10: The Petun and their Neighbours
	10.0 Introduction
	10.1 Social Aspects of Petun Culture
	10.2 Petun Culture and External Relations
Chapter 11: After the Dispersal
	11.0 Introduction
	11.1 Semantic Issues, When Did the Petun become the Wyandot
	11.2 The “Huron” Component of the Western Wyandots
	11.3 The Subsequent Route of the Western Wyandots (Petun-Wyandots) (Figure 11.1)
	11.4 The Petuns and Neutrals at Detroit 1651-1652
	11.5 Neutral Country, Detroit and Michilimackinac (1650-1652)
	11.6 A,otonatendïa, Rock Island and Green Bay (ca. 1652-ca. 1661)
	11.7 Méchingen/Wisconsin/Mississippi/Minnesota/Black River (ca. 1654‑1660)
	11.8 Chequamegon/La Pointe/St. Esprit (1660-1671)
	11.9 Michilimackinac/St. Ignace (1671-1701/3)
	11.10 St. Joseph River 1695
	11.11 Detroit and Michigan 1701-1843, and the Extension into Ohio
	11.12 Windsor, Anderdon 1701-1892
	11.13 Ohio 1701-1843
	11.14 Indian Territory Kansas 1843-1855, and After
	11.15 Indian Territory, Oklahoma, 1867-Present
	11.16 Afterword
Appendix A: Abbreviations Used for Pottery Type Names in the Petun Country
Appendix B: Summaries of Petun Village Site Faunal Reports
Appendix C: Linguistic Data
	Petun Language
	Names of some Pre-Dispersal Petun People
	Wyandot Personal Names
	The Rise of the Deer and the Title Sastaretsi after 1649
	Names of Petun Places
	Petun Clans and Clan Names, Pre- and Post-Dispersal
	The Clans of the Pre-Dispersal Petun
Appendix D: Petun Wampum Belts
	Overview
	Double Calumet Treaty Belt
	Peace-Path Belt
	The Jesuit Missionary Belt
	The Four-Nations Alliance Belt
	Discussion—On the Significance of the Belts
Appendix E: Names for the Petun
References Cited
Index