Petroleum Formation and Occurrence

Front Matter....Pages I-XXI
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Production and Accumulation of Organic Matter The Organic Carbon Cycle....Pages 3-13
Evolution of the Biosphere....Pages 14-20
Biological Productivity of Modern Aquatic Environments....Pages 21-30
Chemical Composition of the Biomass: Bacteria, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Higher Plants....Pages 31-54
Sedimentary Processes and the Accumulation of Organic Matter....Pages 55-62
Front Matter....Pages 67-67
Diagenesis, Catagenesis and Metagenesis of Organic Matter....Pages 69-73
Early Transformation of Organic Matter: The Diagenetic Pathway from Organisms to Geochemical Fossils and Kerogen....Pages 74-92
Geochemical Fossils and Their Significance in Petroleum Formation....Pages 93-130
Kerogen: Composition and Classification....Pages 131-159
From Kerogen to Petroleum....Pages 160-198
Formation of Gas....Pages 199-214
Formation of Petroleum in Relation to Geological Processes. Timing of Oil and Gas Generation....Pages 215-228
Coal and its Relation to Oil and Gas....Pages 229-253
Oil Shales: A Kerogen-Rich Sediment with Potential Economic Value....Pages 254-266
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
An Introduction to Migration and Accumulation of Oil and Gas....Pages 293-295
Physicochemical Aspects of Primary Migration....Pages 296-324
Geological and Geochemical Aspects of Primary Migration....Pages 325-340
Secondary Migration and Accumulation....Pages 341-356
Reservoir Rocks and Traps, the Sites of Oil and Gas Pools....Pages 357-365
Front Matter....Pages 373-373
Composition of Crude Oils....Pages 375-414
Front Matter....Pages 373-373
Classification of Crude Oils....Pages 415-423
Geochemical Fossils in Crude Oils and Sediments as Indicators of Depositional Environment and Geological History....Pages 424-438
Geological Control of Petroleum Type....Pages 439-458
Petroleum Alteration....Pages 459-469
Heavy Oils and Tar Sands....Pages 470-484
Front Matter....Pages 493-493
Identification of Source Rocks....Pages 495-547
Oil and Source Rock Correlation....Pages 548-570
Locating Petroleum Prospects: Application of Principle of Petroleum Generation and Migration — Geological Modeling....Pages 571-582
Geochemical Modeling: A Quantitative Approach to the Evaluation of Oil and Gas Prospects....Pages 583-608
Habitat of Petroleum....Pages 609-640
The Distribution of World Oil and Gas Reserves and Geological—Geochemical Implications....Pages 641-666
Back Matter....Pages 679-702