Petroleum Biotechnology - Developments and Perspectives

Half Title Page......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 10
List of Contributors......Page 14
1. INTRODUCTION TO AN INTEGRATED APPROACH......Page 20
2. MICROBIAL DNA FINGERPRINT TECHNIQUES IN EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION......Page 23
3. BIOREACTOR: POTENTIAL USE OF BIOCATALYSTS IN CRUDE OIL UP-GRADING AND REFINING......Page 28
4. WELL TREATMENTS TO SECURE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION BY PREVENTIVE MEDICATION. MICROBES AS SELF-GENERATING SYSTEMS......Page 38
5. NEW APPLICATION OF EXTREMOPHILES IN OIL RELATED INDUSTRY......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 43
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 48
2. BIODESULFURIZATION......Page 52
3. BIODENITROGENATION OF PETROLEUM......Page 76
5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH PRIORITIES......Page 79
REFERENCES......Page 80
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 86
2. DESULFURIZATION......Page 90
3. ENZYMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF ASPHALTENES......Page 97
4. OXIDATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS......Page 104
5. ENZYMATIC C-C BOND ACTIVATION......Page 118
6. OPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES......Page 122
REFERENCES......Page 124
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 132
2. MOLECULES OF INTEREST......Page 133
3. UPGRADING NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES......Page 135
4. VISCOSITY AND ALIPHATIC SULFIDE CLEAVAGE......Page 147
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 157
REFERENCES......Page 158
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 164
2. BIO-PROCESSING OF CRUDE OILS AND DISTILLATES IN OIL-WATER SYSTEMS......Page 170
3. ATTRIBUTES OF AROMATIC BIO-PROCESSING BIOCATALYSTS......Page 174
4. GENETIC ENGINEERING TO IMPROVE BIOCATALYSTS......Page 183
5. EXAMPLES OF AROMATIC BIO-PROCESSING......Page 185
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 190
REFERENCES......Page 191
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 196
3. SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE......Page 197
4. PARTICULATE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE......Page 202
5. METHANE MONOOXYGENASE IN BIOCATALYIS......Page 206
6. METHANE MONOOXYGENASE BIOMIMETICS......Page 208
REFERENCES......Page 209
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 212
2. SRB INDUCED CORROSION OF STEEL......Page 214
3. BIOCORROSION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS IN FUEL/WATER SYSTEMS......Page 221
4. AEROBIC CORROSION OF IRON......Page 225
5. MICROBIAL INHIBITION OF CORROSION......Page 226
6. ELECTROCHEMICAL INTEPRETATION OF BIOCORROSION......Page 227
7. PREVENTION AND CONTROL......Page 228
8. MONITORING BIOCORROSION......Page 230
9. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOCORROSION......Page 232
10. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 233
REFERENCES......Page 234
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 238
2. DNA HYBRIDIZATION TECHNIQUES TO MONITOR MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION......Page 239
3. CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL AND ACHAEAL COMMUNITIES IN GAS PIPELINES BY DGGE AND 16S rRNA GENE SEQUENCING......Page 241
4. LACK OF SPECIFICITY OF MICROBIAL GROWTH TESTS......Page 243
5. DEVELOPING AN IMPROVED GENETIC METHOD TO QUANTIFY BACTERIA......Page 244
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 249
REFERENCES......Page 250
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 252
2. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BIOSURFACTANTS......Page 253
3. BIOEMULSIFIERS......Page 268
4. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS......Page 287
REFERENCES......Page 293
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 302
2. ANAEROBIC HYDROGEN METABOLISM......Page 304
3. CHEMICAL THEORY AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HYDROCARBONS TO FUMARATE ADDITION REACTIONS......Page 309
4. GEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF METHANOGENIC OIL BIODEGRADATION......Page 312
5. PROSPECTS FOR HYDROCABON METHANOGENESIS......Page 314
6. HYDROCARBON METHANOGENESIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY......Page 316
REFERENCES......Page 319
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 326
2. H2S AND THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY......Page 327
3. OIL RECOVERY AND WATERFLOODING......Page 330
4. SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA......Page 332
5. NITRATE-REDUCING BACTERIA......Page 335
6. CONTROLLING MICROBIAL PRODUCTION OF SULFIDE WITH NITRATE ADDITION......Page 340
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 355
REFERENCES......Page 356
1. TOLUENE EXTRUSION AND DEGRADATION PATHWAYS INFLUENCE SURVIVAL IN PSEUDOMONADS......Page 360
2. REGULATION OF THE TOL PATHWAY......Page 364
3. REGULATION OF THE TOD PATHWAY......Page 374
4. REGULATION OF THE TOLUENE-4-MONOOXYGENASE PATHWAY......Page 376
5. OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATION OF THE TBU AND TOM PATHWAYS IN RALSTONIA PICKETTII AND BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA.......Page 378
6. TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE ORGANIC SOLVENT EFFLUX PUMPS IN Pseudomonas putida......Page 380
REFERENCES......Page 386
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 392
2. HYDROCARBON BIOSYNTHESIS IS A COMMON TRAIT AMONG BACTERIA......Page 393
3. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS......Page 395
4. DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING......Page 400
5. FUTURE PROSPECTS......Page 401
REFERENCES......Page 402
1. THE DISCOVERY OF MICROBIAL LIFE IN DEEP OIL WELLS......Page 404
2. SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA (SRB)......Page 405
3. METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA......Page 409
4. FERMENTATIVE BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA......Page 410
5. IRON REDUCERS......Page 416
6. CULTURE-INDEPENDENT APPROACHES......Page 417
7. CONCLUSIONS......Page 418
REFERENCES......Page 419
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 424
2. TEST FIELD......Page 428
3. THE COLLECTION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY RELATED TO MEOR......Page 429
4. ESTIMATION OF BEHAVIOR OF IN SITU MICROFLORA AT THE MOLASSES INJECTION TEST USING HUFF & PUFF PROCESS......Page 432
5. DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES VERIFYING MEOR EFFECTIVENESS......Page 437
6. CONCLUSION......Page 461
REFERENCES......Page 463
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 466
2. PHYTOREMEDIATION MECHANISMS......Page 469
3. PILOT STUDIES......Page 478
4. FIELD SCALE CONSIDERATIONS......Page 479
5. Mathematical Modeling......Page 488
6. REGULATORY ISSUES......Page 491
7. EMERGING ETHICAL ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES......Page 493
8. CONCLUSIONS......Page 494
REFERENCES......Page 495
1. METHODS OF ODOR AND VOC CONTROL......Page 498
2. BIOLOGICAL METHODS......Page 499
3. EXAMPLES OF TREATMENT OF VOLATILE PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY BATS......Page 508
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 509
REFERENCES......Page 511
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 514
2. ANTHROPOGENIC INPUT OF OIL INTO THE WORLD'S OCEANS......Page 515
3. COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL......Page 516
4. PHYSICAL FATE OF SPILLED OIL......Page 518
5. EVENTUAL FATE OF SPILLED OIL......Page 520
6. SPILL RESPONSE......Page 522
REFERENCES......Page 527
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 532
2. ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS......Page 535
3. BIOTRANSFORMATION OF S- AND N-BEARING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM SOUR STREAMS......Page 541
4. OXYGENATED FUEL ADDITIVES......Page 545
5. PERSPECTIVES......Page 551
REFERENCES......Page 553
Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis......Page 556