Perspectives and Trends in Education and Technology: Selected Papers from ICITED 2023

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Relevance Analysis for the Offering of a Doctorate Program in Computer Science in Ecuador
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Analysis of Problems and Needs that Justify the Offer of the Doctoral Program in Computer Science
	1.3 Ecuadorian Development Trends Related to the Field of Study of the Ph.D. Program in Computer Science
	1.4 Relevance Based on Demand Analysis
	1.5 Conclusion
	References
2 Epistemological Justification for the Offer of the Master\'s Degree in Information Security in Ecuador
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Epistemological Justification
		2.2.1 Academic Background
		2.2.2 Some Theoretical Foundations
		2.2.3 Theoretical Framework that Strengthens the Justification
	2.3 Conclusions
	References
3 Sustainable Learning and the Difficulties of Integral Child Development: Case Study in Children of an Educational Center in Cuenca, Ecuador
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Definitions and Basic Notions
	3.3 Research Methodology and Materials
	3.4 Analysis and Discussion of Results
	3.5 Conclusions
	References
4 Student Academic Behavior Attributes: First Phase
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Art State
	4.3 Methodology
	4.4 Experimentation
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 Good Teaching Practice. Teach Through Role Play
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Good Teaching Practices and Role Play
		5.1.2 Teach Graphic Design
	5.2 Methodology
	5.3 Results
	5.4 Conclusions
	References
6 Diagnosis of Brain Tumors Using a Convolutional Neural Network
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Related Works
	6.3 Methodology
	6.4 Dataset
	6.5 Results
	6.6 Discussions
	6.7 Conclusions
	References
7 Safety and Occupational Health Management System in Mining to Reduce Fatal Accidents in the Mining Industry
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Material and Method
		7.2.1 Material
		7.2.2 Research Method
		7.2.3 Research Level
		7.2.4 Population
		7.2.5 Data Collection Procedures, Techniques, and Instruments
	7.3 Results
	7.4 Discussion
		7.4.1 Strategic Security Management Indicators Within the Framework of the Title III of D.S. 024-2016-EM
		7.4.2 Tactical Security Management Indicators Within the Framework of the Title III of D.S. 024-2016-EM
		7.4.3 Operational Security Management Indicators Within the Framework of the Title III of D.S. No. 024-2016-EM
	7.5 Conclusion
	References
8 Understanding the Dynamics of Gross and Informal Employment Clusters
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Methodology
	8.3 Experimentation
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
9 E-government and the Fight Against Corruption in Latin America
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Literature Review
	9.3 Methodology
	9.4 Results
	9.5 Conclusions
	References
10 Mentoring as a Tool for Strengthening Management Competences
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Methods
	10.3 Results
	10.4 Discussion
	10.5 Conclusions
	References
11 Critical Thinking in Postgraduate Degree Work at the Israel Technological University, Ecuador
	11.1 Introduction: The Development of Critical Thinking as One of the Challenges of Current Education
		11.1.1 Critical Reasoning as a Complex Thinking Skill
	11.2 Methodology
	11.3 Results and Discussion
	11.4 Conclusions
	References
12 Parallelism of Physical and Simulated Industrial Communication Network Development
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Methodology
	12.3 Communication Network Configuration Simulated Processes
		12.3.1 Configuration Modbus TCP/IP Communication and Simulated PID-Level Process
		12.3.2 Configuration C7 Communication and PID-Level Processing Simulated with Factory
		12.3.3 ProfiNet Communication Configuration for the Packaging Process/FluidSIM
	12.4 Communication Network Configuration Physical Processes
		12.4.1 ProfiNet Communication Configuration in the Proportional Control Process of a Pneumatic Actuator
		12.4.2 Communication and Machining Process Configuration
		12.4.3 PID-Level Control Process Configuration Located in the SERVER and Control with SCADA System and KTP 700 Screen
	12.5 Analysis and Results
	12.6 Conclusions
	References
13 Multidisciplinary Investigative Skills in the University Teacher
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 University and Research
	13.3 Investigative Skills with a Multidisciplinary Approach
	13.4 Methodology
	13.5 Results and Discussion
	13.6 Interview with the Directors of Research, Teaching, and Community Outreach
	13.7 Conclusions
	13.8 Proposal of Strategic Guidelines to Reinforce the Investigative Skills of the University Professor, Under a Multidisciplinary Approach
	References
14 Development of a MATLAB® MOOC to Enhance the Computational Skills of Students
	14.1 Introduction
		14.1.1 MATLAB® Software as a Learning Resource at IPN
		14.1.2 Students’ Situation at Instituto Politecnico Nacional
	14.2 Instructional Design and MOOC Development
	14.3 Discussion and Results
	14.4 Conclusions
	References
15 Asking Higher Education Students to Write Research Case Studies—A Way to Develop Engagement and Critical Thinking
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 ISCAP’s MA in Intercultural Studies for Business
	15.3 Why Give Students Written Assignments
	15.4 Types of Students’ Case Studies
	15.5 Results
		15.5.1 Sources and Documentation
		15.5.2 Accuracy and Reliability of Sources
		15.5.3 Analysis and Interpretation
		15.5.4 Detailed Description and Creative Writing
		15.5.5 Storytelling
		15.5.6 Analytical Generalisation
	15.6 Going Back to the Teaching Case Method
	15.7 Conclusions
	References
16 A Pedagogical Model for Teaching the Subject of Research Methodology
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Literature Review
		16.2.1 First Teaching Strategy: Brainstorming as a Tool in What to Investigate
		16.2.2 Second Teaching Strategy: Cognitive Mapping as a Tool for Delimiting Information
		16.2.3 Third Teaching Strategy: The Ishikawa Diagram as a Tool for Analyzing a Research Problem
		16.2.4 Fourth Teaching Strategy: The SWOT Matrix as a Tool for Conceptual and Procedural Analysis of Research
		16.2.5 Fifth Teaching Strategy: The CANVAS Model, a Tool to Support Research Ideas
		16.2.6 Pedagogical Model Based on the Cognitivist Constructivist Approach
	16.3 Methodology
	16.4 Results and Discussion
	16.5 Conclusions
	References
17 Study to Update the Concept of Broadband According to Ecuador’s Regulatory Framework and Its Impact on the Economic, Social, and Productive Spheres
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Theoretical Framework
		17.2.1 Broadband Concepts and Definitions
		17.2.2 Socio-Economic Momentum
		17.2.3 Economic Impact (GDP)
		17.2.4 Impact on Job Creation
		17.2.5 Impact on Productivity
		17.2.6 Consumer Surplus
	17.3 Comparisons to Consider with Respect to Broadband in the Region
	17.4 Regulations and Considerations Regarding Broadband in Ecuador
	17.5 Current Broadband Scenario in Ecuador
		17.5.1 Fixed Internet Access
		17.5.2 Mobile Internet Access
		17.5.3 Fixed Broadband Internet Subscriptions in Ecuador
	17.6 Conclusions
	References
18 3D Printer as a Resource for Didactic Development Tool for the Maker Culture—An Open-Source Design of the COREXY 3D Printer
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Bibliographic Review
		18.2.1 Additive Manufacturing
	18.3 Methodology
	18.4 TriCLOPs-mono: COREXY 3D Printer Project
		18.4.1 TriCLOPs-mono Costs
	18.5 TriCLOPs-mono Calibration and Tests
	18.6 Final Considerations
	References
19 Open-Source Web System to Improve Eating Styles Accompanied by Exercises: HealthLife
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Related Works
	19.3 Description of the Proposed Methodology
	19.4 Case Study
	19.5 Case Study Results
	19.6 Discussion of Results
	19.7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
20 Pandemic Reflections on Higher Education: A Theoretical Examination of Work-Related Stress in the Teaching Role
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Method
		20.2.1 Design
		20.2.2 Data Collection
	20.3 Results
		20.3.1 Teacher Stress and Distance Learning
		20.3.2 Teacher Stress and Physical and Mental Health
		20.3.3 Factors of Teacher Job Stress
		20.3.4 Technostress and the University Teacher
	20.4 Discussion
	20.5 Conclusions
	References
21 Technology and Tax Culture. An Evolutionary Perspective
	21.1 Introduction
		21.1.1 ICTs as a Tool for Continuous Improvement
		21.1.2 The Internal Revenue Service and Its Use of ICTs
	21.2 Methodology
	21.3 Results and Discussion
		21.3.1 Data Entry Channels
		21.3.2 Electronic Invoicing: SRI Y YO
		21.3.3 Consultation of Services and Formalities: SRI Services and Formalities, Regulations
		21.3.4 Training
		21.3.5 DIMM
		21.3.6 Relationship Between Effective Collection and Digital Transformation
	21.4 Conclusion
	References
22 An Exploration of the Skills and Knowledge of the Accounting Profession
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Methodology
	22.3 Results
	22.4 Conclusion
	References
23 The Impact of Affective Behavior on Co-creation and Customer Satisfaction
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Literature Review: Relationships Between Affective Behavior, Co-creation, and Satisfaction
		23.2.1 Affective Behavior Versus Co-creation
		23.2.2 Affective Behavior Versus Satisfaction
		23.2.3 Co-creation Versus Satisfaction
		23.2.4 The Proposed Model
	23.3 Methodology, Data Collection, and Techniques
		23.3.1 Measures
	23.4 Results
		23.4.1 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
		23.4.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)
		23.4.3 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
	23.5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
24 Active Methodologies: An Approach to Virtual Teaching in Natural Sciences
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 Methodology
		24.2.1 Participants
		24.2.2 Materials/Resource Used
		24.2.3 Procedure
	24.3 Active Strategies Design
		24.3.1 I Draw My Thought
		24.3.2 Autonomous Transposition
		24.3.3 Virtual Labs
	24.4 Results’ Discussion
	24.5 Conclusion
	References
25 Articulation of Environmental Education in the Curricula of Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Review
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Methodology
	25.3 Results
	25.4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
26 The New Educational Models Based on Information and Communication Technology and Education 4.0
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Methodology
		26.2.1 Planning the Review
		26.2.2 Conducting the Review
		26.2.3 Analysis of Results
	26.3 Conclusion
	References
27 Scrum Scholar Machine Learning Model: A Proposal for Next Generation Classroom
	27.1 Introduction
		27.1.1 Education Future and the Demands of the Twenty-First Century
		27.1.2 Scrum in Educative Context
		27.1.3 Machine Learning in Educative Context
	27.2 Methodology
		27.2.1 Aim and Investigation Questions
		27.2.2 Procedure
		27.2.3 Sample
	27.3 Results
		27.3.1 Phase 1 Results
		27.3.2 Phase 2 Results
		27.3.3 Phase 3 Results
	27.4 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
28 Blogging as a Tool for Andragogical Learning
	28.1 Introduction
		28.1.1 Virtual Education as an Option for Adult Learning
		28.1.2 Connectivism; The Effect of Technology on Andragogy
		28.1.3 Use of the Blog as an Educational Tool
		28.1.4 Factors to Consider for the Use of BLOGS in Andragogical Learning
		28.1.5 Putting into Practice the Use of Blogs in Andragogic Education
		28.1.6 Process for the Development of the Class
		28.1.7 Usefulness of the Blog for the Actors in the Teaching–Learning Process
	28.2 Methodology
	28.3 Results
		28.3.1 Use of Blogs in Adult Education
	28.4 Conclusion
	References
29 Environmental Management of the Ecuadorian Public Sector in the Fight Against Climate Change
	29.1 Introduction
		29.1.1 SDGs
		29.1.2 Nationally Determined Contributions NDC
	29.2 Methodology
	29.3 Results
		29.3.1 Management at the National Level
		29.3.2 Management at the Provincial Level
	29.4 Discussion
	29.5 Conclusion
	References
30 Cognitive Performance and Use of Digital Tools as Predictors of Academic Success in University Students
	30.1 Introduction
		30.1.1 Role of Neurocognitive Functions in Learning
		30.1.2 Educational Technology and Student Performance
	30.2 Method
		30.2.1 Population and Sample
		30.2.2 Instruments
		30.2.3 Procedure
		30.2.4 Analysis of Data
	30.3 Results
		30.3.1 Sociodemographic Profile of the Sample
		30.3.2 Differences Between the Scores Obtained in the Tests Regarding the Male and Female Gender
		30.3.3 Differences Between the Scores Obtained in the Tests with Respect to the Age Groups
		30.3.4 Relationship Between the Scores Obtained in the D2 Test and the Scores Obtained in Each Cognitive Test
		30.3.5 Survey on Digital Tools that Facilitate Attention and Learning
	30.4 Discussion
	30.5 Conclusion
	References
31 SOLL as an Auxiliary Teaching and Learning Tool—Case Study in Higher Education
	31.1 Introduction
	31.2 Methodology
	31.3 Results
	31.4 Conclusion
	References
32 Mindfulness in the Advanced Human Capital: A Theoretical Proposal of a Training Program at the University Bernardo O’Higgins, Assemblies, and Definitions
	32.1 Introduction
	32.2 Literature Review
		32.2.1 On the Concept of Experience
		32.2.2 The Practice of Mindfulness
		32.2.3 Mindfulness in Educational Contexts
	32.3 Materials and Methods
		32.3.1 A Project Based on PAR
		32.3.2 The Organizational Structure of UBO
	32.4 Theoretical Proposal: Mindfulness at UBO
	32.5 Discussion
	32.6 Conclusions
	References
33 Student Satisfaction in Polytechnic Higher Education: Assessment Model Based on the ECSI Index
	33.1 Introduction
	33.2 Literature Review
		33.2.1 Satisfaction Concepts
		33.2.2 The European Consumer Satisfaction Index (ECSI)
	33.3 Methodology
	33.4 Results
	33.5 Conclusions
	References
34 Didactic-Disruptive: Technological Tool for Children Who Present Slow Learning of Basic Arithmetic Operations
	34.1 Introduction
	34.2 Context
	34.3 Materials and Method
	34.4 Characteristics of the Target Population
	34.5 Technology Implementation Design Model
	34.6 Results
	34.7 Conclusion
	References
35 Relationship Between Performance and Psychosocial Factors in Teachers of Private Educational Institutions in Quito—Ecuador
	35.1 Introduction
		35.1.1 Motivation
		35.1.2 Related Works
	35.2 Methodology
	35.3 Results
	35.4 Conclusions
	References
36 Estimation of Income Tax Collection in Ecuador
	36.1 Introduction
	36.2 Theoretical Framework
		36.2.1 Econometrics and Econometric Models
		36.2.2 Application of Predictive Models
	36.3 Methodology
		36.3.1 Statistical Method
	36.4 Results
	36.5 Conclusions
	References
37 Virtual Laboratories for Learning Chemistry and Physics Through Chemlab and Modellus
	37.1 Introduction
	37.2 Methodology
		37.2.1 Participants
		37.2.2 Procedure
		37.2.3 Google Sites: Virtual Laboratories to Teach Chemistry
	37.3 Results and Discussion
	37.4 Conclusions
	References
38 Quadrilaterals in the Dynamic Figural Register Through Digital Technology
	38.1 Introduction
	38.2 Dynamic Figural Register
		38.2.1 Dynamic Formation
		38.2.2 Dynamic Treatments
	38.3 Activities on Quadrilaterals
		38.3.1 Activity 1
		38.3.2 Activity 2
	38.4 Conclusions
	References
39 Synthetic Data Generator for an E-Learning Platform in a Big Data Environment
	39.1 Introduction
	39.2 State of the Art
	39.3 Knowledge Extraction Using Big Data Tools
		39.3.1 Big Data Cluster
		39.3.2 Data Selection and Filtering
		39.3.3 Fact Table Construction
	39.4 Implementation and Results
		39.4.1 Metrics
		39.4.2 Request Simulator
	39.5 Validation
		39.5.1 Clustering Using SimpleKMeans
		39.5.2 A Priori Association Rules
	39.6 Conclusions
	References
40 Gamification for Virtual Learning Environments in Ecuadorian Universities
	40.1 Introduction
	40.2 Material and Methods
	40.3 Results
	40.4 Discussion
	40.5 Conclusions
	References
41 Electronic Platform of Students’ Social Competencies Development as a Learning Management System
	41.1 Introduction
	41.2 Methodology
		41.2.1 Operational Feasibility
		41.2.2 Functional Module Design
	41.3 Conclusion
	References
42 Proposal for the Inclusion of Narrative in the Video Game Design Process
	42.1 Introduction
		42.1.1 New Narrative Discourses
		42.1.2 Narratology
		42.1.3 Video Games as Narrative Discourses
		42.1.4 The Plot that Builds Narratives in Video Games
	42.2 Related Works
	42.3 Methodology
		42.3.1 Bibliographic Selection
		42.3.2 Analysis of Narrative in Video Game Design Documents GDD
		42.3.3 Systematization of the Teaching Experience
		42.3.4 A Starter’s Guide to Narrative-Driven Game Design
	42.4 Proposed Model for the Inclusion of Narrative in the Video Game Design Process
	42.5 Conclusions
	References
43 Real-Time Visual Feedback Technology in Support of a Didactic Voice Tuning System
	43.1 Introduction
	43.2 Methodology
		43.2.1 Fundamental Frequency Determination
		43.2.2 System Description
		43.2.3 Objective Evaluation
	43.3 Experimental Results of the Pitch Training Process
	43.4 Conclusions
	References
44 The Future of Learning in Romanian Schools: Examining the Transformative Impact of Gaming Technologies in Education—A Pilot Study in Bucharest
	44.1 Introduction
	44.2 Short Literature Survey: Technology and Education
		44.2.1 The Impact of Technology on Society and Education
		44.2.2 Implications of Technology Integration in Education
	44.3 Gaming Technologies in Education
		44.3.1 Gaming Practices and Technologies in Education
		44.3.2 The Benefits of Gaming Technologies in Education
	44.4 Methodology
	44.5 Results and Discussion
	44.6 Recommendations
	44.7 Conclusions
	44.8 Research Limitations and Further Research
	References
45 Behavioral Finance: Prospect Theory Topics in Decision-Making
	45.1 Introduction
	45.2 Traditional Finance
	45.3 Behavioral Finance
	45.4 Limits to the Expected Utility Theory
	45.5 Prospect Theory
		45.5.1 Effects of the Prospect Theory
		45.5.2 Prospect Theory Improvement
	45.6 Conclusion
	References
46 Virtual Classroom and the Impact of E-Skills on the Performance of Peruvian University Students
	46.1 Introduction
	46.2 Framework
		46.2.1 Virtual Classroom
		46.2.2 Execution of Activities in the Virtual Classroom and Master Classes
	46.3 Methodology
	46.4 Results
	46.5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
47 Students’ Perceptions from an Integrated Software Engineering and Databases Course
	47.1 Introduction
	47.2 Related Work
	47.3 Course Context
		47.3.1 The Course
		47.3.2 The Projects
	47.4 Methodology
		47.4.1 The Survey
		47.4.2 Data Collection
		47.4.3 Threats to Validity
	47.5 Results
		47.5.1 Discussion
	47.6 Conclusions
	References
48 Scratch as a Tool to Promote Computational Thinking in Technological Education
	48.1 Introduction
	48.2 Literature Review
	48.3 Methodology
	48.4 Proposal
	48.5 Results
	48.6 Conclusions
	References
49 The Use of WhatsApp and English Language Learning in High School Students at a Public School in Peru
	49.1 Introduction
	49.2 Methodology
	49.3 Results
	49.4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
50 Beyond the Screen: Exploring the Impact of Virtual Learning on the Socioemotional Well-Being of University Students and Educators
	50.1 Introduction
	50.2 Framework
	50.3 Methodology
	50.4 Results and Discussion
		50.4.1 Natural Semantic Networks (NSN)
		50.4.2 Identity Drawing
	50.5 Conclusions
	References
51 Improvement of Teaching Competencies Training in Higher Education Faculty Based on Student Evaluations of Teaching and AI Systems
	51.1 Introduction
	51.2 Method and Data
	51.3 Results
	51.4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
52 SOLO Taxonomy to Assessment of Skills and Competencies Required to Students: Comparison Between Online Versus Face-to-Face Exam
	52.1 Introduction
	52.2 SOLO Taxonomy
	52.3 Methodology
		52.3.1 Online Exam
		52.3.2 Face-to-Face Exam
	52.4 Analysis and Discussion
	52.5 Conclusions
	References
53 Digital Technology in Higher Education: Identification of Surfaces in Space Generated by Functions of Two Variables
	53.1 Introduction
	53.2 Surfaces in Space
	53.3 Mathematical Working Space
	53.4 The Task
	53.5 Analysis of the Expected Mathematical Production
	53.6 Conclusions
	References
54 Metaverse, Education, and Inclusion: Integrative Review Using the PRISMA Method
	54.1 Introduction
	54.2 Methods and Materials
		54.2.1 Procedures of the Integrative Review
	54.3 Presentation and Analysis of the Results
	54.4 Final Considerations
	References
55 Simplifying Specialized Texts with AI: A ChatGPT-Based Learning Scenario
	55.1 Introduction
	55.2 ChatGPT as an Ally for Education
	55.3 A Learning Scenario for Specialized Texts
	55.4 Translation Students Working with Legal Texts—A Case Study
	55.5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
56 Perceptions and Dispositions of Parents and Teachers Toward Technological Learning Communities
	56.1 Introduction
	56.2 Materials and Methods
		56.2.1 Methodology
		56.2.2 Participants
		56.2.3 Instruments
		56.2.4 Instrument Validation
		56.2.5 Information Processing
	56.3 Results
		56.3.1 Descriptive Analysis
		56.3.2 Correlational Analysis
	56.4 Discussion
	56.5 Conclusions
	References
57 A Novel Approach for Distributed Security Over IoT in Learning Environment
	57.1 Introduction
	57.2 State of the Art
	57.3 A Novel Model Approach
	57.4 Conclusions
	References
58 Open-Source Technologies for Simulation and Operation of a Low-Cost Robotic Platform for Educational Mobile Robotics
	58.1 Introduction
	58.2 Methodology
		58.2.1 Hardware
		58.2.2 Software
		58.2.3 Teaching Different Contents Related to Robotics
	58.3 Results
		58.3.1 CoppeliaSim
		58.3.2 Robotic Operating System (ROS) and EV3
	58.4 Kinematic Control of Mobile Robots
	58.5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
59 SparkDigiGirls: Challenges to Motivate Girls to STEM
	59.1 Introduction
	59.2 Program Unleash CreativITy with Technology
	59.3 Methodology
	59.4 Results
	59.5 Conclusions
	References
60 Mobile App Prototype for Citizen Science: Toward the Development of Complex Thinking
	60.1 Introduction
	60.2 Current Context of Tech-Based Citizen Science
		60.2.1 Assessing the Impact of Citizen Science Projects
		60.2.2 Development of Complex Thinking in Educational Tech-Based Projects
	60.3 Methodology
	60.4 Results
		60.4.1 Citizen Science Mobile App Development
		60.4.2 Focus Group for the General Assessment of the Mobile App
		60.4.3 Mobile App Impact According to the Threshold Framework
	60.5 Conclusion
	References
61 Is the Human-in-the-Loop Concept Applied in Educational Recommender Systems?
	61.1 Introduction
	61.2 The Human-in-the-Loop Concept
	61.3 Systematic Review Methodology
	61.4 Data Analysis
	61.5 Conclusion
	References
62 Managing the Inclusion of Students with High Cognitive Performance and/or Dual Exceptionality, from Virtual and Face-to-Face Collaborative Spaces
	62.1 Introduction
		62.1.1 Inclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs in the Regular Classroom
	62.2 Objectives and Method
		62.2.1 Participants
		62.2.2 Dimensions of Interest
		62.2.3 Information Sources
	62.3 Results
	62.4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
63 Open Platform Prototype for Technocreative Labs: Case-Based Assessment to Enhance Complex Thinking
	63.1 Introduction
	63.2 Theoretical Framework
		63.2.1 Transformation of Education Through Digital Technology
		63.2.2 Technocreative Labs
		63.2.3 Complex Thinking in Higher Education
	63.3 Methodology
		63.3.1 Case Study: Nova-Plat Platform Development Context
	63.4 Results
		63.4.1 Activity Plan to Enhance Students’ Complex Thinking
	63.5 Discussion
		63.5.1 Findings from the Nova-Plat Project
	63.6 Conclusion
	References
64 Enhancing Speaking Skills in a Foreign Language Using Virtual Reality. A Study in a Portuguese Higher Education Institution
	64.1 Introduction
	64.2 Virtual Reality in Foreign Language Learning
		64.2.1 Potential Challenges
	64.3 The Experiment: Methods and Procedures
	64.4 Results and Findings
	64.5 Concluding Remarks
	References
65 Using Identity and Access Management Systems in Hotels: Evidence from Algarve, Portugal
	65.1 Introduction
	65.2 Literature Review
	65.3 Data and Methodology
	65.4 Empirical Results
	65.5 Discussion and Conclusion
	Appendix: Software for Identity and Access Management (IAM) in Hotels Survey
	References
66 Attitudes and Values of Portuguese School Principals Concerning Social Justice
	66.1 Introduction
	66.2 Method
	66.3 Results
	66.4 Discussion and Final Considerations
	References
Author Index