Personalization in Gynecologic Oncology (Comprehensive Gynecology and Obstetrics)

Contents
Chapter 1: Personalized Treatment in Ovarian Cancer
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Angiogenesis Inhibitors
	1.3 PARP Inhibitors
	1.4 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
	1.5 Antibody–Drug Conjugates
	1.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2: Carcinogenesis and Personalization in HPV-Associated Precancer Lesions of the Cervix
	2.1 Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
	2.2 Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer
	2.3 Molecular Biological Mechanisms of HPV Carcinogenesis and the Potential for Therapeutics Discovery Targeting these Mechanisms
	2.4 HPV-Associated Carcinogenesis from the Viewpoint of Morphology and the Possibility of Drug Discovery Targeting These Mechanisms
	2.5 Drug Discovery and Development of Immunotherapy Targeting HPV-Associated Cancers
	2.6 Reason for Promising Immunotherapy for Precancer Lesions CIN2/3
	2.7 Development of Mucosal Immunotherapy for CIN2/3 Based on Histopathogenesis of CIN2/3
	References
Chapter 3: Personalized Treatment for Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Diagnosis and Treatment for Low- and High-Risk GTN
		3.2.1 Diagnosis of GTN by Scoring System
		3.2.2 Standard Treatments for GTN
	3.3 Diagnosis and Treatment for PSTT and ETT
		3.3.1 Origins and Histological Characteristics of PSTT and ETT
		3.3.2 Differential Diagnosis of GTN by Immunohistochemical Staining
		3.3.3 Treatments for PSTT and ETT
	3.4 Personalized Treatment for GTN—Future Potential and Perspectives
		3.4.1 Anti-Angiogenic Therapy for GTN
		3.4.2 Immune Tolerance Systems in GTN and Its Targeted Therapy
		3.4.3 Immunotherapy for Chemo-Resistant GTN and Its Clinical Efficacy
	References
Chapter 4: Personalized Treatment in Uterine Sarcoma
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Leiomyosarcoma
	4.3 Low-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
	4.4 High-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
	4.5 Undifferentiated Uterine Sarcoma
	4.6 Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor: PEComa
	4.7 Adenosarcoma
	4.8 NTRK-Rearranged Spindle Cell Neoplasm Resembling Fibrosarcoma
	4.9 COL1A1-PDGFB Translocation-Associated Fibrosarcoma
	4.10 Rhabdomyosarcoma
	4.11 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5: Clinical Relevance of BRCA1/2 Pathogenic Variants and Impaired DNA Repair Pathways in Ovarian Carcinomas
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Mutational Analysis of BRCA1/2 (gBRCApv, sBRCApv, and tBRCApv)
	5.3 DNA Repair Pathway for Single-Strand and Double-Strand Breaks
	5.4 Cytotoxicity of PARP Inhibitors and Platinum Chemotherapy
	5.5 PARP Inhibitors in BRCA1/2 Mutated Ovarian Carcinomas
	5.6 Genomic Scar (Chromosomal Rearrangements) Assays for Genomic Instability
	5.7 Mutational Analysis of HRR-Related Genes
	5.8 Reversion Mutation
	5.9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6: Personalized Treatment in Immunotherapy for Gynecologic Cancer
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 PD-1 Signal
	6.3 PD-1 Signal Inhibitors
	6.4 Personalized PD-1 Signal Inhibitors
	6.5 PD-L1 Expression
	6.6 Microsatellite Instability
	6.7 Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB)
	6.8 Genomic Instability Score
	6.9 SMARCA4
	6.10 Summary
	References
Chapter 7: Risk Assessment and Prevention Strategies for Hereditary Gynecological Cancers
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Biological Impacts of the Germline Variants in Hereditary Cancer
	7.3 Hereditary Gynecological Cancers
		7.3.1 BRCA-Related Breast/Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer: HBOC)
		7.3.2 Lynch Syndrome
		7.3.3 PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (Cowden Syndrome)
		7.3.4 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
		7.3.5 DICER1 Syndrome
		7.3.6 Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome
		7.3.7 Other Cancer-Susceptible Genes
	7.4 Genetic Risk Assessment
		7.4.1 Personal and Family History of Cancer
		7.4.2 Characteristic Physical Findings Other than Cancer
		7.4.3 Result of Prior Genetic Tests in Family
		7.4.4 Clinical use of Multigene Panel Testing
	7.5 Cancer Prevention Strategies for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
		7.5.1 BRCA1/2
		7.5.2 MMR Genes (Lynch Syndrome)
		7.5.3 PTEN (PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome/Cowden Syndrome)
		7.5.4 STK11 (Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome)
		7.5.5 BRIP1/RAD51C/RAD51D/ATM/PALB2
	7.6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 8: How Genome-Wide Analysis Contributes to Personalized Treatment in Cancer, Including Gynecologic Cancer?
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Omics Analysis
	8.3 Omics Databases and Analysis Tools
	8.4 Cancer Clinical Trials Using Omics Data
	8.5 Genomic Analysis and Personalized Treatment in Gynecologic Cancer
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9: Personalized Treatment of Gynecological Cancer According to Age and Symptom Benefit
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Current Status and Problems of Surgical Treatment for Elderly Gynecological Cancer Patients
	9.3 Current Status of Problems with Chemotherapy for Elderly Gynecological Cancer Patients
	9.4 Personalized Assessment of Treatment for Elderly Cancer Patients
	9.5 Personalized Treatment Based on Preoperative Assessment in the Elderly
	9.6 Personalized Treatment Based on Pre-chemotherapy Assessment in the Elderly
	9.7 Summary of the Basic Concept of Individualized Medicine in the Treatment of Elderly Cancer Patients
	References