PERSONALITY UNDER STRESS WHO GETS ANGRY AND WHY INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE APPRAISAL AND EM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 2
Abstract......Page 4
1.1 Introduction and overview......Page 7
1.2.1 Appraisal theories of emotion......Page 10
1.2.2 Anger......Page 13
1.2.3 Causal attribution and emotion......Page 18
1.2.4 Cognitive appraisal and causal attribution – a debate......Page 20
1.3 Personality......Page 22
1.3.1 Individual differences in appraisal and anger......Page 26
1.3.2 Individual differences in causal attribution and blaming......Page 30
1.3.3 Explanatory style in depression and optimism research......Page 33
1.4 Summary and discussion......Page 36
1.5 General research questions......Page 37
1.6 Overview of the present research......Page 39
2.1 Overview......Page 43
2.2 Method......Page 45
2.2.1 General procedure......Page 46
2.2.2 Measures......Page 54
2.2.3 Level of analysis......Page 58
2.3 Conclusion......Page 59
3.1 Overview......Page 60
3.2.2 Procedure......Page 61
3.3.1 Relationship-building questions......Page 63
3.3.2 Hypotheses......Page 64
3.4.2 Preliminary analyses......Page 66
3.4.3 Manipulation check questions and implication......Page 67
3.4.4 Relationship-building paradigm......Page 68
3.4.5 Testing the hypotheses......Page 69
3.5 Discussion......Page 85
4.1 Overview......Page 91
4.2.2 Procedure......Page 92
4.3 Overview of the measures and predictions......Page 93
4.3.1 Hypotheses......Page 94
4.4.1 Overview of analyses......Page 96
4.4.3 Manipulation check questions and implication......Page 97
4.4.4 Testing the hypotheses......Page 98
4.5 Discussion......Page 116
5.2 Method......Page 122
5.2.2 Procedure......Page 123
5.4.2 Preliminary analyses......Page 124
5.4.3 Manipulation check questions and implication......Page 125
5.4.4 Testing the hypotheses......Page 126
5.5 Discussion......Page 142
6.1 Emotion induction procedure......Page 146
6.2 Understanding personality, appraisal, and anger in social situations......Page 148
6.3 Implications for the workplace......Page 162
6.4 Relationship between blaming and anger......Page 164
6.5 Conclusions......Page 166
7 References......Page 168
8 French summary......Page 187
9 Appendices......Page 198