Periodontology at a Glance (At a Glance (Dentistry))

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface to the second edition
Acknowledgements
Dedications
Part 1 Foundations
	Chapter 1 Anatomy of the periodontium
		Gingivae
			Gingival epithelium
			Gingival connective tissue
		Periodontal ligament
		Cementum
			Acellular cementum
			Cellular cementum
		Alveolar bone
	Chapter 2 Classification of periodontal diseases
	Chapter 3 Periodontal epidemiology
		Types of periodontal epidemiology
		Methodology
			Periodontal indices
			Gingival indices
			Plaque indices
			Periodontal indices
			Recording
			Statistical management
		WHO Global Oral Data Bank
		Global epidemiology
	Chapter 4 Role of plaque in the aetiology of periodontal diseases
		Plaque as a biofilm
			Formation and properties
		Plaque hypotheses
			Specific plaque hypothesis
			Non-specific plaque hypothesis
			Ecological plaque hypothesis
			Keystone pathogen hypothesis
			IMPEDE model
	Chapter 5 Plaque biofilm microbiology
		Microbiological techniques
		Microbial composition of plaque biofilm in health and disease
		Health
		Gingivitis
		Periodontitis
		Drivers of dysbiosis
			Virulence factors
	Chapter 6 Calculus
		Formation of calculus
			Crystal types
		Morphology
			Supragingival calculus
			Subgingival calculus
		Pathogenicity
			Subgingival calculus composition and ethnicity
		Anti-calculus dentifrices
	Chapter 7 Host defences
		Innate immunity
			Epithelial defences
			Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils)
		Adaptive/specific immunity
			Cell-mediated immunity
			Humoral immunity
		Mediators
	Chapter 8 Development of periodontal disease
		Histological stages of development from health to gingivitis to periodontitis (Page & Schroeder, 1976)
			Health
			Initial lesion
			Early gingival lesion
			Established lesion
			Advanced lesion
			Active lesion
	Chapter 9 Progression of periodontitis
		Natural history of periodontitis
		Pathogenic model of periodontitis progression
		Resolution of inflammation
		Clinical studies of disease progression
			Definition of progression and risk factors
Part 2 Risk and periodontal diseases
	Chapter 10 Risk and periodontal diseases
		What is a risk factor?
		Types of risk factors for periodontal disease
		Are risk factors modifiable?
		Levels of exposure to risk factors – the threshold
		Modification of risk factors is part of the management of periodontitis
	Chapter 11 Systemic risk factors for periodontitis
		Systemic risk factors and risk indicators for periodontitis
		Mechanisms by which systemic risk factors appear to operate
			Tobacco smoking
			Diabetes
			Obesity
			Genetic factors
			Dietary calcium
			Dietary refined carbohydrate intake
			Osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
			Stress and inadequate coping
			Ageing
			Low socioeconomic status
		Clinical studies to assess the effects of risk factor modification on the initiation and progression of periodontitis
		PMN abnormalities
		Practice implications
	Chapter 12 Periodontal diseases and general health
		Clinical implications of periodontal diseases for systemic health
		Periodontal diseases as risk factors for systemic conditions and diseases
			Diabetes
			Heart disease
			Respiratory infections
		Clinical implications
	Chapter 13 Diet and periodontal diseases
		The role of diet in periodontal disease
		Dietary intervention in periodontal disease
		Effects of adult tooth loss on diet
		The role of diet in healing after periodontal treatment
		Recommendations for dental patients
	Chapter 14 Local risk factors for periodontal diseases
		Anatomical factors
			Tooth position
		Restorations
		Removable partial dentures
		Orthodontic appliances
		Root fractures and cervical root resorption
		Calculus
		Local trauma
		Frenal attachments
		Mouth breathing and lack of lip seal
	Chapter 15 Occlusion and periodontal diseases
		Tissue changes in response to occlusal load
		Occlusal analysis and adjustment
		Management of tooth mobility
			Treatment of periodontal disease
			Splinting
Part 3 Reaching a periodontal diagnosis and treatment plan
	Chapter 16 Periodontal history, examination and diagnosis
		Periodontal history
		Periodontal examination
		Special tests
			Radiographs
			Vitality tests
			Other special tests
		Diagnosis
	Chapter 17 Periodontal screening
		Why use periodontal screening?
		Limitations of periodontal screening
		Who to screen
		How to screen using the BPE
			Sextants/index teeth
			Probe
			Recording BPE
		What to record for the BPE
			Adults
			Teenagers and children
		How to use the screening information
	Chapter 18 Role of radiographs in periodontal diagnosis
		Radiographic information
		Radiographic views
			Horizontal bitewing
			Vertical bitewing
			Periapical
			Panoramic
		Digital radiography
		Cone beam computed tomography
		Selection of radiographs
	Chapter 19 Principles of periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning
		Periodontal treatment plan
			European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) S3-level treatment guideline and BSP implementation for stages I–III periodontitis
			Step 1 Building foundations for optimal treatment outcomes (Fig. 19.6)
			Step 2 Subgingival biofilm and calculus control/removal (Fig. 19.10)
			Step 3 Management of non-responding sites (4 mm with BOP or 6 mm) (Fig. 19.11)
			Step 4 Maintenance/supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) (Fig. 19.12)
Part 4 Fundamentals for periodontal patient care
	Chapter 20 Plaque control
		Toothbrushing
		Interdental cleaning
		Adjunctive pharmacological agents
		Disclosing plaque
		Changing behaviour
	Chapter 21 Non-surgical periodontal therapy
		Periodontal instrumentation
			Subgingival air polishing
			Vector ultrasonic system
		Effectiveness of plaque control and subgingival PMPR
		Use of local analgesia
	Chapter 22 Periodontal tissue response, healing and monitoring
		Response to treatment
			Microbial flora
			Tissue response and healing
		Failure of treatment
		Monitoring
	Chapter 23 Role of antimicrobial therapy in periodontal diseases
		Systemic antimicrobial therapy
			Periodontitis
			Controversies in systemic antimicrobial therapy for periodontitis
			Necrotising periodontal diseases
			Periodontal abscess
			Low-dose systemic antimicrobial therapy
		Local antimicrobial therapy
		Lasers and adjunctive photodynamic therapy
			Lasers
			Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT)
Part 5 Advanced periodontal patient care: periodontal surgery, dental implants, periodontal-orthodontic interface
	Chapter 24 Periodontal surgery
		Uses of periodontal surgery
			Access to a site for debridement
			Access to a site for cleaning
			Correction of gross gingival morphology
			Regeneration of periodontal tissues
			Improve aesthetics
		Contraindications to periodontal surgery
		Surgical flaps
		Postoperative care
	Chapter 25 Types of periodontal surgery
		Gingivectomy
			Procedure
			Healing
		Apically repositioned flap
			Procedure
			Healing
		Replaced flaps
			Flaps with paramarginal incisions
			Open flap instrumentation with intrasulcular incisions (OFD
			Papilla preservation flaps
		Distal wedge excision
	Chapter 26 Regenerative periodontal therapy
		Guided tissue regeneration
			Types of membrane
			Use of GTR
			Procedure
		Enamel matrix derivative
		Outcomes
		Other growth factors and emerging therapies
	Chapter 27 Bone defects and furcation lesions
		Bone defects
			Treatment of bone defects
			Treatment of intrabony defects
		Furcation lesions
			Treatment of furcation lesions
			Extraction
	Chapter 28 Dental implants
		Osseointegration
		Implant planning
		Implant placement
		Guided tissue regeneration and bone grafts
	Chapter 29 Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis
		Periodontal maintenance of implants
		Treatment of peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis
	Chapter 30 Periodontal–orthodontic interface
		Orthodontic treatment and secondary periodontal sequelae
			Removable orthodontic appliances
			Fixed orthodontic appliances
			Plaque control
			Fluoride and diet
			Periodontal screening prior to orthodontic treatment
			Other risks
		Periodontal drifting
		Periodontal–orthodontic management
Part 6 Periodontal diseases and periodontal management
	Chapter 31 Plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis
		Classification and definitions
		Features of plaque biofilm-induced gingivitis
			Plaque-induced gingivitis on a reduced periodontium
		Predisposing/modifying factors
			Local risk factors (predisposing factors)
			Systemic risk factors (modifying factors)
		Management
	Chapter 32 Non-plaque-induced gingival conditions and lesions
		Diagnostic Process
		Clinical investigations
		When and where to biopsy
		The surgical sieve
	Chapter 33 Gingival recession
		Consequences of gingival recession
		Management
			Management of aetiological factors associated with recession
			Management of consequences of recession
		Mucogingival surgery and the surgical management of gingival recession
			Surgical root coverage
			Guided tissue regeneration
			Free grafts
			Allografts
	Chapter 34 Gingival enlargement
		Causes of gingival enlargement
			Sex steroid hormones
			Leukaemias
			Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
			Granulomatous conditions
			Scurvy
		Drug-influenced gingival enlargement
			Role of plaque in drug-influenced gingival enlargement
			Risk factors
			Drug variables
		Management
	Chapter 35 Periodontitis
		Features of periodontitis
		Staging and grading (see Chapter 36)
			Grade modifiers, risk factors
		Management
			Step 1 Building foundations for optimal treatment outcomes
			Step 2 Subgingival biofilm and calculus control/removal
			Step 3 Management of non-responding sites (4 mm with BOP or 6 mm)
			Step 4 Maintenance/supportive periodontal therapy (SPT)
	Chapter 36 Staging and grading
		Staging and grading
			Staging
			Grading
	Chapter 37 Periodontal management of patients who smoke
		Nicotine
		Smokeless tobacco
		Clinical periodontal management
		Smoking cessation
			Stopping smoking
			Nicotine replacement therapy or e-cigarettes
			Medication
	Chapter 38 Periodontal management of patients with diabetes
		Diagnosis
		Classification
		Type 1 diabetes
		Type 2 diabetes
		Diabetes control/HbA1c
			Complications of poor control
		Prevalence
		Clinical periodontal management
			Therapy
		Medical emergencies
	Chapter 39 Necrotising periodontal diseases
		Necrotising gingivitis (NG)
			Microbiology
			Predisposing factors
			Management
		Necrotising periodontitis (NP)
		Necrotising stomatitis (NS) and noma
			Differential diagnosis
	Chapter 40 Periodontal abscesses and endodontic-periodontal lesions
		Periodontal abscess
			Aetiology
			Microbiology of PA
			Features
			Differential diagnosis
			Management
		Endodontic-periodontal lesions
	Chapter 41 Periodontal diseases in children and adolescents
		Gingivitis
			Local contributing factors
			Non-plaque-induced gingival lesions
		Periodontitis
			Incipient (Stage I) periodontitis
			Grade C or Stage II, III or IV periodontitis
		Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
		Other classifications
		Treat or refer the child/adolescent?
	Chapter 42 Periodontal management of the older adult
		Epidemiology of periodontal diseases
		Periodontal problems in older adults
		Periodontal management
	Chapter 43 The delivery of periodontal care
		The referral process
			The referral letter
			Radiographs
			Starting periodontal therapy
			The specialist’s reply
			Discharge from the specialist to referring dentist
		Medico-legal implications
Appendices
	Appendix 1: Unabridged Figure 2.2 (b): 2018 Classification of gingival diseases: non-dental plaque-induced
	Appendix 2:Unabridged Figure 2.4: 2018 Classification of systemic diseases and conditions that affect the periodontal supporting tissues
	Appendix 3Implementing the 2018 Classification of periodontal diseases to reach a diagnosis in Clinical Practice
	Appendix 4: BSP UK Clinical Practice guideline for the treatment of periodontal diseases
	Appendix 5 Appendix 5: References and further reading
Index
EULA