People Under Three: Young Children in Day Care

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Illustrations......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
POLICY AND PRACTICE......Page 16
FREEDOM AND STRUCTURE......Page 17
THE IMPORTANCE OF PLAY......Page 18
CARE AND EDUCATION......Page 20
RELATIONSHIPS IN DAY CARE......Page 21
PARENTS AND CHILDREN......Page 22
COMBATING DISCRIMINATION......Page 24
SUMMARY......Page 25
CREATING A SATISFYING ENVIRONMENT......Page 26
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NURSERY......Page 28
Age grouping and ‘family’ grouping......Page 29
THE ROLE OF THE ADULT IN THE GROUP ROOM......Page 30
The appearance of the room......Page 31
Furniture......Page 32
INVOLVING CHILDREN IN CARE AND MAINTENANCE......Page 33
ORGANIZING A GROUP ROOM FOR UNDER TWOs......Page 34
LAYOUT AND EQUIPMENT FOR MIXED AND OLDER AGE GROUPS......Page 35
The quiet corner......Page 36
Imaginative and make-believe play......Page 37
Table play......Page 38
Painting......Page 39
Sand play......Page 40
Water play......Page 41
SUMMARY......Page 42
3 The key person......Page 44
THE VALUE OF A KEY PERSON SYSTEM......Page 45
Problems for nursery workers......Page 46
Relations with parents......Page 47
ORGANIZING FOR INTIMACY......Page 48
Initial visits......Page 51
Settling in......Page 53
Separation......Page 54
Change of key person......Page 56
SOME EFFECTS OF INTRODUCING A KEY PERSON SYSTEM......Page 57
SUMMARY......Page 58
ESTABLISHING A COMMON PURPOSE......Page 60
THE ROLE OF THE ORGANIZER......Page 61
Delegation......Page 62
Communication within the nursery......Page 63
Managing staff absence......Page 64
BUILDING THE STAFF TEAM......Page 65
STAFF MEETINGS......Page 66
Planning and organization of meetings......Page 67
Handling difficulties......Page 68
Room meetings......Page 69
STAFF DEVELOPMENT......Page 70
SUPERVISION AND CONSULTATION......Page 71
Physical health......Page 73
Caring and loss......Page 74
Relations with parents......Page 75
Managing visitors......Page 76
EXTENDING STAFF RESOURCES......Page 77
Volunteers in action......Page 78
SUMMARY......Page 79
5 Babies in day care......Page 82
NURSERIES AND CHILD MINDERS......Page 83
CRYING: A BABY’S LANGUAGE......Page 84
Feeding......Page 85
MOBILITY......Page 86
Playpens......Page 87
Baby bouncers and swings......Page 88
Clothing......Page 89
BABY TOYS IN THE NURSERY......Page 90
One-hole posting tin......Page 91
‘What’s inside?’ toys......Page 92
SUMMARY......Page 93
6 The Treasure Basket......Page 94
VARIETY AND QUALITY IN INFANT PLAY......Page 95
DISCOVERY AND CONCENTRATION......Page 96
FIRST STEPS IN DECISION-MAKING......Page 97
THE ADULT’S ROLE......Page 98
MOVING ON TO THE NEXT STAGE......Page 100
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE USE OF THE TREASURE BASKET......Page 101
SUMMARY......Page 104
SUGGESTED ITEMS FOR THE TREASURE BASKET......Page 105
INDEPENDENCE AND NEGOTIATION......Page 108
FEEDING......Page 110
COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE......Page 112
Background noise......Page 113
Music and rhyme......Page 114
Books and stories......Page 115
BODILY CARE......Page 116
Bowel and bladder control......Page 117
Washing and grooming......Page 118
Wiping noses......Page 119
PLAYTHINGS FOR CHILDREN IN THEIR SECOND YEAR......Page 121
SUMMARY......Page 122
LEARNING BY EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY......Page 124
HEURISTIC PLAY IN ACTION......Page 125
INTRODUCING HEURISTIC PLAY IN A GROUP SETTING......Page 129
Involving children in clearing up......Page 131
HEURISTIC PLAY IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS......Page 134
SUGGESTED ITEMS FOR HEURISTIC PLAY......Page 135
SUMMARY......Page 136
9 Children in their third year......Page 138
Bladder and bowel control......Page 139
Language......Page 140
Practising speech......Page 141
Understanding children’s thinking......Page 142
STORIES AND RHYMES......Page 144
MUSIC......Page 145
Imaginative and sociable play......Page 146
Sand and water play......Page 147
CHILDREN’S ATTITUDES AND SENSE OF IDENTITY......Page 148
Gender......Page 151
Disability......Page 152
SUMMARY......Page 153
RAISING AWARENESS......Page 154
Good relations......Page 157
PROVIDING FOR YOUNGER CHILDREN......Page 158
HEALTHY EATING......Page 161
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY......Page 162
INTRODUCING A NEW APPROACH......Page 163
SUMMARY......Page 164
11 Out of doors......Page 166
Changing attitudes......Page 167
Types of activity......Page 168
Growing and tending plants......Page 169
Learning about living things......Page 170
USING THE RESOURCES OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD AND COMMUNITY......Page 172
Visits and outings......Page 173
Swimming......Page 174
PLANNING OR IMPROVING AN OUTDOOR LEARNING AREA......Page 175
Investigating the space and planning layout......Page 176
Planting......Page 178
Water......Page 179
Play equipment......Page 180
Safety......Page 181
Access......Page 182
OUTSIDE AREA FOR UNDER TWOs......Page 183
SUMMARY......Page 184
THE ROLE OF THE KEY PERSON......Page 186
The key person and parents in the nursery......Page 187
Communication between home and nursery......Page 188
The key person and the parent......Page 189
The content of agreements......Page 190
CONSULTING PARENTS......Page 191
The parents’ room......Page 192
CHANGING PARENTS’ BEHAVIOUR......Page 193
RELATIONSHIP PLAY WITH CHILDREN AND PARENTS......Page 194
Cradling......Page 196
Rocking......Page 197
Supporting and rolling......Page 198
Tunnels......Page 199
Focusing energy......Page 200
SUMMARY......Page 201
DIFFICULTIES GENERATED BY THE SETTING......Page 202
REACTIONS TO STRESSFUL EVENTS......Page 203
Temper tantrums......Page 204
Aggression against other children......Page 205
Biting......Page 206
Victims......Page 207
Overactivity and restlessness......Page 208
Non-compliance......Page 210
Feeding difficulties......Page 211
Thumb- and finger-sucking......Page 212
Masturbation and sexual play......Page 213
Toilet training......Page 215
WHEN PARENTS ARE PRESENT......Page 216
SEEKING OUTSIDE HELP......Page 217
SUMMARY......Page 218
14 Families in difficulties......Page 220
DAY CARE AND CHILD PROTECTION......Page 221
THE FUNCTIONS OF DAY CARE FOR FAMILIES IN DIFFICULTIES......Page 222
ACTIVE WORK WITH PARENTS......Page 224
Who are the parents?......Page 225
Changing behaviour......Page 226
Changing perceptions......Page 227
Groupwork with parents......Page 229
WORKING WITH OTHER PROFESSIONALS......Page 231
WHEN DAY CARE IS NOT ENOUGH......Page 232
THE ROLE OF DAY CARE IN CHILD PROTECTION......Page 233
SUMMARY......Page 234
15 Looking ahead......Page 236
Suggestions for further reading......Page 242
Videos......Page 246
References......Page 248
Organizations concerned with young children and families......Page 254
Name index......Page 260
Subject index......Page 264