Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008

Front Matter....Pages I-XIV
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The UK WTC9/11 Evacuation Study: An Overview of the Methodologies Employed and Some Preliminary Analysis....Pages 3-24
Evacuation Movement in Photoluminescent Stairwells....Pages 25-42
Automatic Extraction of Pedestrian Trajectories from Video Recordings....Pages 43-54
Stairwell Evacuation from Buildings: What We Know We Don’t Know....Pages 55-66
Evacuation of a High Floor Metro Train in a Tunnel Situation: Experimental Findings....Pages 67-81
Using Laser Scanner Data to Calibrate Certain Aspects of Microscopic Pedestrian Motion Models....Pages 83-94
Pedestrian Vision and Collision Avoidance Behavior: Investigation of the Information Process Space of Pedestrians Using an Eye Tracker....Pages 95-108
FDS+Evac: An Agent Based Fire Evacuation Model....Pages 109-120
Comparisons of Evacuation Efficiency and Pre-travel Activity Times in Response to a Sounder and Two Different Voice Alarm Messages....Pages 121-134
Design of Voice Alarms—the Benefit of Mentioning Fire and the Use of a Synthetic Voice....Pages 135-144
Enhanced Empirical Data for the Fundamental Diagram and the Flow Through Bottlenecks....Pages 145-156
Parameters of Pedestrian Flow for Modeling Purposes....Pages 157-170
Emergency Preparedness in the Case of a Tsunami—Evacuation Analysis and Traffic Optimization for the Indonesian City of Padang....Pages 171-182
Case Studies on Evacuation Behaviour in a Hotel Building in BART and in Real Life....Pages 183-201
Analysis of Empirical Trajectory Data of Pedestrians....Pages 203-214
Model-Based Real-Time Estimation of Building Occupancy During Emergency Egress....Pages 215-224
Experiments on Evacuation Dynamics for Different Classes of Situations....Pages 225-232
Prediction and Mitigation of Crush Conditions in Emergency Evacuations....Pages 233-246
Start Waves and Pedestrian Movement— An Experimental Study....Pages 247-248
Clearance Time for Pedestrian Crossing....Pages 249-255
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Ship Evacuation—Guidelines, Simulation, Validation, and Acceptance Criteria....Pages 257-262
Empirical Study of Pedestrians’ Characteristics at Bottlenecks....Pages 263-268
RFID Technology Applied for Validation of an Office Simulation Model....Pages 269-275
Study on Crowd Flow Outside a Hall via Considering Velocity Distribution of Pedestrians....Pages 277-283
Analysis on the Propagation Speed of Pedestrian Reaction: Velocity of Starting Wave and Stopping Wave....Pages 285-290
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
Toward Smooth Movement of Crowds....Pages 293-308
Modeling Evacuees’ Exit Selection with Best Response Dynamics....Pages 309-319
Front-to-Back Communication in a Microscopic Crowd Model....Pages 321-334
Comparison of Various Methods for the Calculation of the Distance Potential Field....Pages 335-346
Agent-Based Simulation of Evacuation: An Office Building Case Study....Pages 347-357
A Genetic Algorithm Module for Spatial Optimization in Pedestrian Simulation....Pages 359-370
Opinion Formation and Propagation Induced by Pedestrian Flow....Pages 371-379
Passenger Dynamics at Airport Terminal Environment....Pages 381-396
Application Modes of Egress Simulation....Pages 397-409
Investigating the Impact of Aircraft Exit Availability on Egress Time Using Computer Simulation....Pages 411-423
Bounded Rationality Choice Model Incorporating Attribute Threshold, Mental Effort, and Risk Attitude: Illustration to Pedestrian Walking Direction Choice Decision in Shopping Streets....Pages 425-437
A SCA-Based Model for Open Crowd Aggregation....Pages 439-449
Hardware Implementation of a Crowd Evacuation Model Based on Cellular Automata....Pages 451-463
Applying a Discrete Event System Approach to Problems of Collective Motion in Emergency Situations....Pages 465-477
 SIMULEM : Introducing Goal Oriented Behaviours in Crowd Simulation....Pages 479-490
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
Conflicts at an Exit in Pedestrian Dynamics....Pages 491-502
Improving Pedestrian Dynamics Modeling Using Fuzzy Logic....Pages 503-508
Modeling the Link Volume Counts as a Function of Temporally Dependent OD-Flows....Pages 509-515
Effect of Subconscious Behavior on Pedestrian Counterflow in a Lattice Gas Model Under Open Boundary Conditions....Pages 517-522
Hand-Calculation Methods for Evacuation Calculation—Last Chance for an Old-Fashioned Approach or a Real Alternative to Microscopic Simulation Tools?....Pages 523-528
Adding Higher Intelligent Functions to Pedestrian Agent Model....Pages 529-535
“FlowTech” and “EvaTech”: Two Computer-Simulation Methods for Evacuation Calculation....Pages 537-545
Large Scale Microscopic Evacuation Simulation....Pages 547-553
Numerical Optimisation Techniques Applied to Evacuation Analysis....Pages 555-561
A Multi-Method Approach to the Interpretation of Pedestrian Spatio-Temporal Behaviour....Pages 563-568
The Microscopic Model and the Panicking Ball-Bearing....Pages 569-575
Design of Decision Rules for Crowd Controlling Using Macroscopic Pedestrian Flow Simulation....Pages 577-583
3-Tier Architecture for Pedestrian Agent in Crowd Simulation....Pages 585-595
Optimising Vessel Layout Using Human Factors Simulation....Pages 597-603
Agent-Based Animated Simulation of Mass Egress Following an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Attack....Pages 605-609
A Novel Kinetic Model to Simulate Evacuation Dynamics....Pages 611-618
Egress Route Choice Modelling—Concepts and Applications....Pages 619-625
Architectural Cue Model in Evacuation Simulation for Underground Space....Pages 627-640
Integrating Strategies in Numerical Modelling of Crowd Motion....Pages 641-646
Small-Grid Analysis of Evacuation Processes with a Lattice Gas Model for Mixed Pedestrian Dynamics....Pages 647-652
Front Matter....Pages 291-291
Evacuation Simulation and Human Behaviour Models in Tall Buildings....Pages 653-658
Proof of Evacuation Routes and Safety Exits: Time Data as the Main Criteria for the Evaluation of Escape Routes and Safety Exits?....Pages 659-665
Dependence of Modelled Evacuation Times on Key Parameters and Interactions....Pages 667-675
A Modification of the Social Force Model by Foresight....Pages 677-682
Models for Crowd Movement and Egress Simulation....Pages 683-688
Modelling Pedestrian Escalator Behaviour....Pages 689-695
Introducing a Coupled Model for Simulating Crowd Behaviour....Pages 697-703
Evacuation Modelling of Fire Scenarios in Passenger Trains....Pages 705-711
Pedestrian Dynamics with Event-Driven Simulation....Pages 713-718
Front Matter....Pages 719-719
The Need for Behavioral Theory in Evacuation Modeling....Pages 721-732
NO_PANIC. “Escape and Panic in Buildings”—Architectural Basic Research in the Context of Security and Safety Research....Pages 733-742
Was It Panic? An Overview About Mass-Emergencies and Their Origins All Over the World for Recent Years....Pages 743-755
Hierarchical Structure of the Mass and Group-Level Behaviors in Urban Rail Transfer Stations....Pages 757-772
The Use of a Structure and Its Influence on Evacuation Behavior....Pages 773-778
Front Matter....Pages 779-779
Inhalation Injury of Lung and Heart After Inhalation of Toxic Substances....Pages 781-789
Quantitative Comparison of International Design Standards of Escape Routes in Assembly Buildings....Pages 791-801
Visualizing the Human Form for Simulation and Planning....Pages 803-809
A Real-Time Pedestrian Animation System....Pages 811-817
Modeling of Escape Routes According to Occupancy, Economy, and Level of Safety in Slovak Republic....Pages 819-823
Back Matter....Pages 825-833