Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2017

Cover page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
SECTION A THE WORLD
	CHAPTER 1 Physical Geography
		THE UNIVERSE
			Vastness of the Universe
			Composition of the Universe
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT of INTEGRATION
			Theories of the Universe
			Galaxy and the Local Group
				Quick Facts
			Hubble’s Classification of Galaxies
				CONCEPT LINK
			Cosmology and Cosmic Rays
		Solar System
			CONCEPT LINK
			Origin, Age, and Characteristicsof Solar System
				CONCEPT LINK
			The Sun
				CONCEPT LINK
			The Planets
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT LINK
			The Phases of the moon
			Stars
			Constellation
			Asteroids, Meteors, and Comets
		BASIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EARTH
			Shape and Structure of the Earth
			Composition
			Geological History
			Earth’s movements
			Seasons
				Key Terms
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT LINK
			Equinoxes and Solstices
			Eclipses
			Spheres of the Earth
		ATMOSPHERE
			Composition
			Atmospheric Layers
			Winds
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
		LITHOSPHERE
			Rocks
			Continents
			Mountains
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
		HYDROSPHERE
		TIDES
			CONCEPT LINK
			CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Ocean Currents
			Shipping Canals
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Major Rivers of the World
		TIME
		Global Positioning System (GPS)
			How it Works
			Other GPS Systems
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 2 World Geography
		THE WORLD WE LIVE IN
			A Profile of the World
			CONTINENTS
			Key Terms
			Continent—ASIA
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Continent—AFRICA
				CONCEPT LINK
			Continent—NORTH AMERICA
			Continent—SOUTH AMERICA
			Continent—EUROPE
			Continent—ANTARCTICA
				CONCEPT LINK
			Continent—AUSTRALIA
			Principal Climates of the World
			Climatic Divisions of the World
			Köppen Climate Classification
			Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification
				CONCEPT LINK
			Major Natural Resources
			Countries Rich in Natural Resources
			Regional Grouping of Countries of the World
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Economic Classification of Countries of the World
				CONCEPT LINK
			People of the World
				CONCEPT LINK
		A GLOSSARY OF GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS
		WORLD ARCHITECTURE
			Wonders of the World
		Answers
			Previous Years‘ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 3 Glimpses of World History
		IMPORTANT EVENTS Of WORLD HISTORY
			BCE
		RISE Of ISLAM IN CENTRAL ASIA(1250 TO 1500 CE)
			Turks
			The Ottoman State
			India
			Mongols
			China
			Russia
			Persia
			Africa
			South-East Asia
				CONCEPT LINK
		Important Battles from 608 bce to 2013
		OTHER IMPORTANT WARS FROM TO 264 BCE TO 1856
			Punic Wars (Carthage–Roman Wars)
			Slaves Revolt (73 bce)
			Ambush in the Teutoburger Wald
			Roman Invasion of Britain
			Battle of mount Badon
			Battle of maldon
			Battle of Stamford Bridge
			War of Roses
			The Hundred-year War
			The Thirty-year War
			The Seven-year War
			Battle of the Nile (1798)
			Napoleonic Wars
			Opium War (First China War)
			The Crimean War
			Crusades
				CONCEPT LINK
		THE WORLD WARS
			World War I (4 August 1914 to11 November 1918)
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
				CONCEPT LINK
			World War II (3 September 1939 to14 August 1945)
		Revolutions, Wars, Conflicts and Stan d-Offs
			American War of Independence (1775)
			Greek War of Independence (1821)
			Belgian War of Independence (1830)
			American Civil War (1861 to 1865)
			french Revolution (1789 to 1793)
			Russian Revolution (1917 to 1922)
			Chinese Revolution
			Mexican Revolution
			Algerian War of Independence (1947 to 1962)
			Cold War (1945 to 1991)
			Hungarian Revolution (1956)
			Korean War
			Islamic Revolution in Iran
			Cuban Crisis
			The Six-day War
			Creation of Bangladesh
			Independence of Zimbabwe
			Reforms in Poland and Hungary
			Fall of Communism in East Germany and German Unification
			Iraq and Saddam Hussein
			Division of Czechoslovakia
			Emergence of CIS and the Chechnya Issue
			Disintegration of Yugoslavia
			Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina
			Hong Kong Handed Over to China
			9/11 Attack on the USA
			The Afghan War
			European Integration
			Operation Iraqi Freedom (Liberation)
			Israel Attacks Lebanon
			Syria’s Civil War
			Egyptian Protests 2012 to 2013
			Libyan Civil War
			Ukraine Crisis
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 4 International Organizations
		THE UNITED NATIONS
			Charter of the UN
				CONCEPT LINK
			The UN Flag and the Emblem
			Membership of the UN
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Organizations of the UN
			UN Observations
			Agencies Related to the United Nations
			United Nations MDGs
				CONCEPT LINK
		THE COMMONWEALTH
			Membership
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
				CONCEPT LINK
			Commonwealth Secretariat
		THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
			Founder Members of the ‘NAM’
			Basic Principles of the ‘NAM’
			Organizational Structure and Membership
		SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION (SAARC)
			Key Terms
			Regional Centres
			SAARC Summits
			South Asian Free Trade Area
			Meeting of SAARC Culture Ministers
			Meeting of SAARC Energy Ministers
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
		THE EUROPEAN UNION
			Five ‘EU’ Institutions
			Important treaties (Establishment)
			Member States
			Main Institutional Changes Introduced by the Lisbon Treaty
			European Community (Formerly Known as EEC)
		OTHER WORLD ORGANIZATIONS
			Caribbean Community
			Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
			Arab League (League of Arab States)
			Benelux Economic Union
			North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
				CONCEPT LINK
			The Group of 77
			The Group of Seven (G-7)
			Colombo Plan
			Organization of American States (OAS)
			Organization for Economic Cooperationand Development
			Amnesty International
			Red Cross
			World Trade Organization
			Interpol
			Organization of the Islamic Co-operation
			Scouts and Guides
			Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
			Council of Europe
			The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
			Collective Security Treaty Organization
			Eurasian Economic Union
			Turkic Council
			African Union
			Union for the Mediterranean
			Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
			Union of South American Nations
			Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
			China–Japan–South Korea Trilateral Summits
			Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
			Australia–New Zealand–United States (ANZUS) Security Treaty
			Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
			Colombia–Indonesia–Vietnam–Egypt–Turkey–South Africa
			Next Eleven (N-11)
			Mexico–Indonesia–Nigeria–Turkey
			India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum
			E-7 (Emerging-7)
			E-9 Nations
			G-4
			Uniting for Consensus
			G-8 (Group of Eight)
			G-6 (Group of Six)
			G-(8+5)
			G-15
			G-20 (Group of 20)
			G-20 Summits
			G-24 (Group of Twenty-Four)
			World Bank
			International Monetary Fund
				CONCEPT LINK
			Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectorial Technical and Economic Cooperation
			Asian Development Bank
		IMPORTANT TREATIES
			Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
			Izmir Treaty
			Antarctic Treaty
			Kyoto Protocol
			International Courts—At a Glance
			Libya Accord
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
SECTION B EVERYDAY SCIENCE
	CHAPTER 1 Nomenclature
		BRANCHES OF SCIENCES
		SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
		SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT
			International System (SI)
			Non-SI Units Used Along With International System
		NUMBER SYSTEM
			Arabic Numerals
			Invention of the Decimal System
			Roman Numerals
			Prefixes of SI Unit
			Mathematical Symbols
		INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES
		SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS AND THEORIES
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 2 Physics
		MECHANICS
			Matter
			Mass
			Weight
			Density
			Force
			Friction
			Energy
			Surface Tension
			Motion
			Work
			Periodic Motion, Wave and Fluid Mechanics
		HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
			Heat and Temperature
			Evaporation
			Latent Heat
			Transfer of Heat
			Radiation
			Convection
			Laws of Thermodynamics
		LIGHT AND OPTICS
			Composition
			Phenomenon of Light
			Mirrors
			Lenses
		SOUND
			Characteristics
			Phenomena Related to Sound
			Sound Waves and Music
			Ultrasonic and Supersonic Sounds
			Speed of Sound
		ELECTRICITY
			Electric Current
			Heating Effect of Electricity
			Fuse Wire
			Magnetic Effect of Electricity
			Types of Electricity
			Household Wiring System
		MAGNETISM
			Magnets
			Magnetic Induction
			Magnetic Field of the Earth
		MODERN PHYSICS
			Non-conductors
			Semiconductors
		IMPORTANT LAWS OF PHYSICS
			Archimedes’ Principle
			Avogadro’s Law
			Newton’s (1642–1727) Laws
			Coulomb’s (1738–1806) Law
			Stefan’s (1835–1883) Law
			Pascal’s (1623–1662) Law
			Hooke’s (1635–1703) Law
			Lenz’s (1805–1865) Law
			Dalton’s (1766–1844) Law
			Faraday’s (1791–1867) Laws
			Ohm’s (1787–1854) Law
		PHENOMENA AND IMPORTANT TERMS OF PHYSICS
		Physics in everyday life
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 3 Chemistry
		ELEMENTS
			Types of Elements
			New Elements
		METALS
			Chemical Nature of Metals
			Non-metals
			Alloys
			Minerals
		CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
			Chemical Reaction and Chemical Change
			Air
			Water
			Important Gases
		INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
			Soaps
			Cement
			Organic Chemistry
			Carbon Compounds
			Organic and Inorganic Compounds
			Carbon
			Coal and Petroleum
			Liquefied Petroleum Gas
			Synthetic Fibre
			Synthetic Rubber
			Radioactivity
			X-rays
		GENERAL
			Important Chemical Tests
			Important Laws of Chemistry
			Important Chemical Processes
		Nomenclature of Chemistry
			Terms in Chemistry
		Chemical reactions
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 4 General Biology (Botany and Zoology)
		CELL
			Historical Background
			Structure
				CONCEPT LINK
			Cell Division
		CLASSIFICATION OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS
			Scientific Nomenclature
			General Classification
		CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLANT KINGDOM (PLANTAE)
			Modification of Plant Parts
		CLASSIFICATION OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM (ANIMALAE)
			Protozoa
			Metazoa
		IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
			Photosynthesis
			Metabolism
			Respiration
			Fertilization
			Transpiration
		Glossary
			Botanical Terms
			Zoological Terms
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 5 Human Body
		ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
			Blood
			Skeletal System (Bones)
			Muscular System
			Organs of Human Body
			Sense Organs
				CONCEPT LINK
			Reproductive Organs
			Glands
			Human Cell, Genes and Heredity
			Human Genetics
			Medical Biochemistry
		HUMAN DIET
			Food Nutrients
		DISEASES OF THE HUMAN BODY
			Types of Diseases
			Agents of Diseases
			Defence Mechanism Against Infection
			Common Diseases
			Common Blood Diseases
			Diseases of the Eyes
			Common Body Disorders
			Common Drugs
			Commonly Abused Drugs
		MEDICAL SCIENCE
			Medical Aids (Equipment)
			Medical Treatment
			Marvels of Medical Science
			Glossary
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 6 Ecosystem and Biosphere
		COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS
			Community Structure
			Classification of Communities
			Change in Communities Over Time
				CONCEPT LINK
			Ecosystems and Communities
			Food Chain
		BIOSPHERE
			Biogeochemical Cycles
		IMPORTANT PHENOMENA IN BIOSPHERE
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
SECTION C INDIA
	CHAPTER 1 History of India and Freedom Struggle
		INTRODUCTION
		ANCIENT INDIA
			Indus Valley Civilization
				CONCEPT LINK
			The Vedic Period: The Aryans
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Emergence of Mahajanapadas or Kingdoms
		Growth of Buddhism and Jainism
			Buddhism
			Jainism
			Magadha Empire (Sixth Century–Fourth Century bce)
			Alexander’s Invasion (Greek Invasion)
			The Mauryan Empire (320–180 bce)
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			The Gupta Dynasty (ce 320–550)
			Harshavardhana (ce 606–647)
		The Rajputs (ce 650–1200)
			Other dynasties
		MEDIEVAL INDIA
			The sultanate of delhi (1206–1526)
			The Mughal Dynasty (1526–1540 and 1555–1857)
				CONCEPT LINK
			The Marathas, The Sikhs and The Jats
		MODERN INDIA
			East India Company and British rule
			British rule
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
				CONCEPT LINK
			Viceroys of India
				CONCEPT LINK
		INDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE
			First war of Independence
			British Rule After the 1857 Revolt
			The Indigo Revolt of 1859–60
			The Indian National Congress
			Partition of Bengal (16 October 1905)
			Swadeshi Movement (1905)
			Muslim League (1906)
			Swaraj
			Surat Congress (26th December 1907)
			Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)
			Home Rule Movement (1915–1916)
			Lucknow Pact (1916)
			August Declaration of 1917
			The Gandhian Era (1918–1947)
			Rowlatt Act (1919)
			Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13 April, 1919)
			Khilafat Movement (1920)
			Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)
				CONCEPT LINK
			Chauri Chaura Incident (1922)
			Swaraj Party (1923)
			Simon Commission (1927)
			Lahore Session (1929)
			Dandi March (1930)
			The First Round Table Conference (1930)
			Gandhi–Irwin Pact (1931)
			The Second Round Table Conference (1931)
			The Communal Award (1932)
			Poona Pact (1932)
			The Third Round Table Conference (1932)
			The Government of India Act, 1935
			Demand for Pakistan (1940)
			Quit India Movement (1942–1945)
			Gandhiji’s Fast
			Cabinet Mission Plan (16 May 1946)
			Azad Hind Fauj
			Direct Action Campaign
			Interim Government
			Formation of Constituent Assembly
			Mountbatten Plan (3rd June 1947)
			The Indian Independence Act 1947
			Partition of India
		RECENT POLITICAL HISTORY OF INDIA (POST-INDEPENDENCE ERA)
			India—Immediately After Independence
			First Border Disputes in Sovereign India
			Pakistan War of 1971
			Janata Party Comes to Power
			Entry of Rajiv Gandhi
			Presidential Rule in Assam
			The Punjab Problem
			Assassination of Indira Gandhi
			Mizoram Issue
			Bofors Scandal
			Formation of National Front
			National Front Comes to Power
			Mandal Commission
			Ayodhya Issue
			Chandra Shekhar becomes Prime Minister
			Unrest in Tamil Nadu and LTTE
			Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
			Rise of BJP as a Force in Indian Political Scene
			No-Confidence Test of Rao Government
			Beginning of Downfall of Congress (I)
			Hawala Scandal
			Story of Prime Minister for 13 Days
			Birth of the United Front
			I. K. Gujral as New Prime Minister
			Entry of Sonia Gandhi in Politics
			K. R. Narayanan—First ‘Dalit’ President of India
			Fall of Gujral’s Government
			Sonia Gandhi, Congress (I)’s Trump Card
			Atal Bihari Vajpayee Becomes ‘PM’ Again
			Congress Back to Power in 2004 General Elections
			Congress Continued to be in Power in 2009 General Election
			BJP-Led NDA Gained Power in 2014 General Election
		Answers
			Previous Years‘ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 2 Constitution of India
		DRAFTING OF THE CONSTITUTION
			CONCEPT LINK
			Salient Features
			The Preamble
			Nature of Citizenship in the Indian Republic
			Fundamental Rights (FRs)
				CONCEPT LINK
			Directive Principles
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Duties of a Citizen of India
			Machinery of the Union Government
				CONCEPT LINK
			The Judiciary
			The State Executive
		STATE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
			The Chief Minister
				CONCEPT LINK
		THE STATE LEGISLATURE
			Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad)
			Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)
		THE STATE JUDICIARY
			High Court
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Advocate-General
		MISCELLANEOUS CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
			General Elections
			Political Parties
			Special Position of Jammu and Kashmir in the Indian Union
			Centre–State Relationships
			Official Language
			Constitutional Safeguards for SC/STs
			Welfare of Minorities
			Panchayats—as Rural Self-Governing Institutions
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Conduct of Business in the Parliament
				CONCEPT LINK
			Motions and Resolutions
			Amendment of the Constitution
			List of Schedules
			States and Union Territories of India
			The Budget
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 3 Population of India
		CENSUS
		Census 2011
		Rural and Urban Population
		LITERACY RATE
			Concept integration
		National Population Policy, 2000
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 4 National Awards, Culture and Literature
		NATIONAL AWARDS
			Republic Day Awards (Civilian Awards)
			Gallantry Awards
			Other Awards
		CULTURAL AND LITERARY ACTIVITIES
			Academies Lalit Kala Akademi
			Sahitya Akademi
			Sangeet Natak Akademi
			Museums
			Literature National Book Trust
			Dances of India
			Important Regional Dances
			Other Important Dances/Dance Dramas
			Musical Instruments and Musicians
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 5 Geography of India
		GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF INDIA
			location
			Dimensions
			Frontiers
		Physical Features
			Himalayan Range
			Northern Plains
			Deccan Plateau
			Coastal Plains
			Islands
		SOILS
			Alluvial Soil
			Black Soil
			Red Soil
			Laterite Soil
				CONCEPT LINK
		RIVER SYSTEMS OF INDIA
			Himalayan system
			Deccan system
			Third River System
		CLIMATE
			Coldest Parts
			Hottest Parts
			Wettest Parts
			Driest Part
			Monsoons
			Forests in india
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
		AGRICULTURE
			Land Utilization
			Agricultural Scenario in India
				CONCEPT LINK
			Agricultural Marketing
			Advances in Indian Agriculture Scene Policy Framework for Agricultural Extension (PFAE)
				CONCEPT LINK
			Green revolution
			Fertilizers
			Irrigation
			Multipurpose Projects
		MINERAL RESOURCES OF INDIA
		INDIAN STATES AND UNION TERITORIES
			Indian Cities on River Banks
			Important Indian Cities
			Hill Stations of India
		NATI ONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
			National Parks
			Wildlife Sanctuaries
			Project Tiger
			Project Elephant
		IMPORTA NT MONUMENTS: INDIA
		INDIAN TRIBES AND THEIR HABITAT
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 6 Indian Economy
		PLANNING IN INDIA
			Historical Background
			The NITI Aayog
			Planning Commission
			Five-Year Plans
			Thrust Areas of the Eleventh Plan
			Poverty Line
			Literacy and Education
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
				CONCEPT LINK
		CURRENCY SYSTEM
			Historical Background
			The Decimal System
			Devaluation of Currency
			Small Note of Coins System in India
		PUBLIC FINANCE
			Sources of Revenue
				CONCEPT LINK
			Annual Financial Budget
			Public Debt
		BANKING SYSTEM
			Development of Banking System in India
			Narasimham Committee Report on Banking Sector Reforms
			Reserve Bank of India
			Imperial Bank of India
			Scheduled Banks
			Public Sector Banks
			Other Banks
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			A Brief on Banking Sector Reforms in India
			Monetary and Credit Policy
			Insurance
			National Pension System (NPS)
			Social Security Scheme - Aam Aadmi BimaYojana (AABY)
			Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
		DISINVESTMENT
			Policy Framework
			National Investment Fund (NIF)
			Unit Trust of India (UTI)
		STOCK EXCHANGES
			Securities and Exchange Board of India
		MINTS AND PRESSES
		INDUSTRIAL FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
			Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI)
			The Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Ltd (ICICI)
			Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
			State Financial Corporations
			Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
			Unit Trust of India (UTI)
			Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India (IRBI)
		INDUSTRIES
			Background
			Large-Scale Industries
			Various Organizations Connected with Industries
			Petroleum and Natural Gases
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 7 Communication and Transport Systems
		POSTAL SERVICES
			Mail System
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Quick Mail Service (QMS)
			Speed Post Services
			Agency Functions
				CONCEPT LINK
			Indian Telecom Sector
			New Frontiers of Growth
				CONCEPT LINK
		MEDIA
			Newspapers and Periodicals
			News Agencies
			All India Radio (AIR)
			Doordarshan (DD)
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
		INDIAN RAILWAYS
			Rail Tracks
			Administration
			Traction
			Public Undertakings (PSUs) and Other Organizations
				CONCEPT LINK
		SHIPPING
			Shipping Corporation of India
			Shipping Companies
			Shipyards
			Training Institutions
			Major Ports in India
		AIR TRANSPORT
			Air India
			Indian Airlines
			Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited
			Airport Authority of India
		ROAD NETWORKS IN INDIA
			History
			G.T. Road
			National Highways
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 8 Defence and Security
		INDIAN DEFENCE
			India’s Defence Set-Up
				CONCEPT LINK
			The Indian Armed Forces
			Integrated Defence Staff
			The Chiefs of Staff Committee
			Battle Tanks
			Indian Air force
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Organizational Structure by Squadrons
			Developments in Air Force
			Chiefs of Air Staff
			Indian Navy
			Organizational Hierarchy at Indian Navy
			Naval Authorities under Administrative Control of Flag Officers Commanding Chiefs
			A Peek into India’s Naval Fleet
				CONCEPT LINK
			Aircrafts and Helicopters
			Chiefs of Naval Staff
			Location of Defence Establishments
			The Department of Defence Production
		INDIA’S INTERNAL SECURITY
			Central Police Organizations
			Central Armed Police Forces
			Other Important Defence and Security Institutions
			Role of Women in the Armed Forces
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 9 Science and Technology
		HISTORY OF NATIONAL POLICIES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
			Key Milestones
			Policy Vision—STI 2013
			Key Elements—STI 2013
		SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (S&T) ACTIVITIES IN INDIA
			Central Government S&T Departments
		DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
			Professional S&T Bodies in India
			Important Autonomous S&T Institutions of India
			Science and Engineering Research Board
			National Geographical Information System
			National Mission on Nano Science and Technology
			National Missions on Climate Change
			National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board
			National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization
				CONCEPT LINK
			Survey of India
			National Map Policy (Rashtriya Manchitran Niti)
			National Topographical Data Base
		DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY
			Atomic Energy Commission
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)
				CONCEPT LINK
		DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
		DEPARTMENT OF SPACE
			The ISRO
		THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
		MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES
			The Earth System Science Organization
			National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR)
			Circumnavigation
		DEPARTMENT OF BIO-TECHNOLOGY
			Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology (CEIB)
			Bioinformatics
			The Biotechnology Information System Network (BTISnet)
			The National Bio-resource Development Board (NBDB)
			International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB)
			Autonomous Institutions under the Department of Biotechnology
			PSUs under the Department of Biotechnology
		THE INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
			List of ICMR Institutes/Centres
			India’s First in Medical Research and Technology
		THE INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
			ICAR Institutions
		INDIA’S SPACE PROGRAMME
			Indian Space Establishments
			Launch Vehicle Programme
			Satellite Programme
			Space Research Programme
			Other Space Science Missions
			Important Feats/Personalities Related to Indian Space Programmes
		INDIA’S ATOMIC RESEARCH
			Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
			Nuclear Power Projects in India
			Table—Atomic Power Plants (Under Construction)
			Table—Nuclear Power Projects for Starting of Work during XII Five-Year Plan
		INDIA’S MISSILE PROGRAMME
			Agni System
			Prithvi System
			Akash System
			Trishul System
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
			NAG System
			Astra Missile
			Brahmos Missile
			Other Missiles
		OTHER INDIAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
	CHAPTER 10 National Insignia and Other Facts
		NATIONAL INSIGNIA
			National Flag
			National Emblem
			National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana)
			National Song (Vande Mataram)
			National Calendar (Saka)
			National Animal
			National Bird
			National Flower, National Tree and National Fruit
			National Language
			National Day
			Other Important Days
			The People
			The Arts
				CONCEPT LINK
				CONCEPT INTEGRATION
		GENERAL ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL PARTIES
			Political Parties
		RECORD MAKERS (INDIA)
		WORLD RECORDS HELD BY INDIA
			Trade and Industry
			Agriculture/Natural Resources
			Buildings/Roads/Bridges
			Miscellaneous
			Individual Achievements
		INDIA’S SUPERLATIVES
		Answers
			Previous Years’ Questions
			Topic-Wise Assessment
SECTION D CURRENT EVENTS
	CHAPTER 1 INDIAN ECONOMY
		OVERVIEW OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY
			GDP Growth
			What to Expect in 2016–17
		UNION BUDGET 2016–17
		Key Features of Budget 2016–17
			Summary of Expenditure
			Fiscal Discipline
			Budget Estimates of Expenditure for 2016–17
			Important Budget Infographics
			Roadmap and Priorities
			Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare
			Rural Sector
			Social Sector Including Health Care
			Education, Skills and Job Creation
			Skill Development
			Job Creation
			Infrastructure and Investment
			Financial Sector Reforms
			Governance and Ease of Doing Business
			Simplification and Rationalization of Taxes
			Relief to Small Tax Payers
			Boost Employment and Growth
			Make in India
			Moving Towards a Pensioned Society
			Promoting Affordable Housing
			Resource Mobilization for Agriculture, Rural Economy and Clean Environment
			Providing Certainity in Taxation
			Technology for Accountability
			Budget Allocation To Major Sectors
			Economic Services
		HIGHLIGHTS OF PLAN 2016–17
			Employment Generation
			Housing
			Rural Development
			Irrigation
			Agriculture
			Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries
			Food and Public Distribution
			Environment and Forests
			Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
			Consumer Affairs
			School Education and Literacy
			Higher Education
			Women and Child Development
			Information Technology
			Health
			Ayush
			Information and Broadcasting
			Urban Development
			Roads and Highways
			Power
			Tourism
			Textiles
			Social Justice and Empowerment
			Disability Affairs
			Tribal Affairs
			Development of North Eastern Region
			Minority Affairs
			Home Affairs
			Science and Technology
			Space
			Civil Aviation
			Atomic Energy
			Earth Sciences
			Sports
			Rashtriya Kala Sanskriti Vikas
			Chemicals and Petrochemicals
			Pharmaceuticals
			Industry
			Posts
			Finance
			Water Resources River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
			Renewable Energy
			Physical Targets
		ECONOMIC SURVEY 2015–16
			Economic Survey
			Highlights of the Economic Survey
		RAILWAY BUDGET 2016—17
			Theme of the Budget
			Financial Performance of Indian Railways in 2015–16
			Budget Estimates 2016–17
			Financial Performance
			Investments and Resources
			Capacity Building for the Future Through
			The Way Ahead
			Winning Back the Lost Modal Share
			Non-fare revenues
			Process Improvements
			Rail Development Authority
			Undertaking Navarambh – A New Beginning
			Avataran–Seven Missions for the Transformation of IR
			Tourism
	CHAPTER 2 NATIONAL AFFAIRS
		THE ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS
			Assam
			Kerala
			Puducherry
			West Bengal
			Tamil Nadu
			Other by Elections in 2016 (till June 2016)
			Forthcoming Assembly Elections (2017)
		GENERAL NATIONAL NEWS AND EVENTS
			Rurban-Mission Launched
			Election Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2016 Passed
			Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana Launched
			Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan
			e-NAM Project Launced
			‘Start-Up India’ Launched
			Smart City Mission
			Skill India
			Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
			Digital India Programme
		GENERAL NATIONAL AFFAIRS
			Setu Bharatam Launched
			Officials and Employees of Private Banks’ Employees Should be Considered Public Servants
			Rajya Sabha Passed Mines and Minerals (Development And Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2015
			Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan Merged with Khelo India
			Stand Up India Scheme
			Amendments in Power Tariff Policy Approved
		NEWS FROM THE STATES and UNION TERRITORIES
			Andhra Pradesh
			Arunachal Pradesh
			Bihar
			Haryana
			Jammu and Kashmir
			Karnataka
			Kerala
			Maharashtra
			Punjab
			Rajasthan
			Sikkim
			Tamil Nadu
			Telangana
			Uttarakhand
			National Capital Territory Of Delhi
		SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
			ISRO
		DEFENCE AND SECURITY
			Indigenous Sonar Dome
		SUPREME COURT AND OTHER IMPORTANT COURT VERDICTS
			On Protection of Good Samaritans
			Ruling on Women’s Entry to Places of Worship
		SUMMITS, ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
			Convention on CSC ratified by India
			Maritime India Summit 2016
		ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY
			45 Stranded Whales Die on Tuticorin Beach
		INDIA—BILATERAL
			India—South Korea
			India—USA
			India—Maldives
			India—UAE
			India—Nepal
			India—Germany
			India—Mangolia
			India—Pakistan
			India—Iran
			India—EU
			India—France
			India-Brunei
			India—Bahrain
			India—Saudi Arabia
			India—Afghanistan
			Indian PM Inaugurated Salma Dam
			India—Qatar
		MISCELLANEOUS
			Pak Singer Adnan Sami gets Indian Citizenship
	CHAPTER 3 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
		INTERNATIONAL CURRENT AFFAIRS
			Global Fallout from the Panama Papers
			European Nations
			BREXIT—UK’s Exit from EU
		THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD
			Austria
			Iraq
			Myanmar
			Germany
			Ivory Coast
			Pakistan
			Scotland
			UK
			Taiwan
			Nigeria
			Syria
			Ukraine
			North Korea
			China
			Turkmenistan
			Bosnia
			Bolivia
			Brazil
			Somalia
			Belgium
			Cyprus
			USA
			Zimbabwe
			Nepal
			France
			Bangladesh
		BILATERAL/MULTILATERAL AFFAIRS
			US—IRAN
			Russia—Syria
			Turkey—Greece
			US—Cuba
			Pakistan—Iran
			Nepal—China
			Iran—China
			Iran—France
			Iran—Italy
			India—France
		SUMMIT AND ORGANIZATIONS
			NATO—EU on Cyber Defence Cooperation
			EU—US Framework for Transatlantic Data Flows
			Nuclear Security Summit 2016
			SAARC
			United Nations
			G20
			BRICS
			PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT
			Missile Technology Control Regime (Mtcr)
		GENERAL—MISCELLANEOUS
			World’s Longest Rail Tunnel
			Superbugs—Bigger Risk than Cancer
			Oil Breaks $50 Barrier
			Banana Plague Poses Global Threat
		INTERNATIONAL DISASTERS
			EgyptAir Flight Crash
			Possible MH370 wreckage found
			Zika Virus Spreads from Latin America
	CHAPTER 4 MISCELLANEOUS
		OLYMPIC GAMES 2016
		NATIONAL GAMES 2016
			Summary Report
		12th SAF GAMES 2016
			Summary Report
		TENNIS GRAND SLAMS
		ICC 2016 T–20 WORLD CUP
		CUPS, TROPHIES AND TOURNAMENTS
			Archery
			Athletics
			Badminton
			Basketball
			Billiards and Snooker
			Boxing
			Chess
			Cricket
			Hockey
			Football
		AWARDS ANDHONOURS
			Awards and Honours—National Honours (National and International) Padma Awards 2016
			Gallantry Awards 2016 (Major Awards)
			Arjuna Awards 2015
			Dronacharya Awards 2015
			Dhayan Chand Award 2015
			Rashtriya Khel Protsahana Purushkar 2015
			Awards and Honours—Major International Awards (National and International) Nobel Prizes 2015
			World Beauty Pageant Awards (2015–16)
			53rd Femina Miss India 2016
			Awards and Honours—Business and Public Policy (National and International) Golden Peacock Awards 2015–16
			Awards and Honours—Film and Entertainment (National and International)
			Oscars 2016 (88th Academy Awards)
			73rd Golden Globe Awards 2016
			61st Film Fare Awards 2016
			Dubai International Film Festival (DIFF) Awards [Muhr Awards]
			TOIFA Awards 2016 [Times of India Film Awards]
			Awards and Honours—Science And Technology (National and International) Infosys Prize 2015
			Heinz Award 2015
			Awards and Honours—Art and Literature (National and International) Pulitzer Prize 2016
			Sahitya Academy Awards 2015
			Awards and Honours—Sports Awards (National and International)
			FIFA Awards 2015
			ICC Awards 2016
			BCCI Awards 2016
			Awards and Honours—Other Miscellaneous Awards (National and International) Ramon Magsaysay Awards 2015
		Photo Credits