Pearson Concise General Knowledge Manual 2019

Cover
Copyright
Contents
Chapter 1  GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
	LOCATION, DIMENSIONS AND FRONTIERS
		Location
		Dimensions
		Frontiers
		International Boundaries Touching Indian States
		Indian States Touching Other Indian States
	PHYSICAL FEATURES
	ISLANDS
	CORAL REEFS AREAS IN INDIA
	DESERTS
	SOILS IN INDIA
	RIVER SYSTEMS OF INDIA
	LAKES
	CLIMATE AND FOREST RESOURCES
		Forests in India
	MAJOR VEGETATION TYPES
		Forests in India: Contribution as a Carbon Sink
		Carbon Stock in India's Forests
		National Green Tribunal (NGT)
		Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)
	AGRICULTURE
		Crop Seasons
		Green Revolution
		Dairy Farming
		Irrigation
			Methods of Irrigation
	MINERAL RESOURCES OF INDIA
		National Mineral Policy (NMP), 2008
		Justice MB Shah Commission
		Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Bill, 2011
			Mines and minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015
			Central Public Sector Undertaking (PSUs) in Mining Sector
		National Mineral Policy (NMP), 2008
		Justice MB Shah Commission
		Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Bill, 2011
			Mines and minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015
			Central Public Sector Undertaking (PSUs) in Mining Sector
	NATIONAL PARKS AND Wil DLIFE SANCTUARIES
		National Parks
		Wildlife Sanctuaries
	IMPORTANT TOWNS AND LOCATIONS
	IMPORTANT SITES AND MONUMENTS
	POPULATION OF INDIA
	KEY HIGHLIGHTS
	POPULATION FACTS FOR QUICK REVISION
	CENSUS 2011
	INDIAN TRIBES AND THEIR HABITAT
Chapter 2  INDIAN HISTORY AT A GLANCE
	ANCIENT INDIA
		INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION (2600–1900 BC)
			Common Features of Harappan Culture
		VEDIC PERIOD: THE ARYANS
			Early Vedic Period (1500–1000 BC)
			Later Vedic Period (1000–600 BC)
		EMERGENCE OF KINGDOMS OR MAHAJANAPADAS
		GROWTH OF BUDDHISM AND JAINISM (6TH CENTURY BC)
			Buddhism
				Spread of Buddhism
				Sects of Buddhism
				Bodhisattavas
				Buddhist Contribution to Indian Culture
				Main Causes for the Decline of Buddhism
			Jainism
				Doctrine of Jainism
				Five types of Knowledge were there in Jainism
				Spread of Jainism
		MAGADH EMPIRE
			Notable Rulers of Magadha
		ALEXANDER’S INVASION (GREEK INVASION)
			India’s Political Condition on the Eve of Alexander’s Invasion
				Causes of the Invasion
			Battle of Hydaspes
			Effects of Alexander’s Invasion
		MAURYAN EMPIRE (321–289 BC)
			Chandragupta Maurya and Bindusara
			Sources of Mauryan History
				Literary Sources
				2. Archaeological Sources
			Ashoka, the Great (273–231 BC)
		GUPTA DYNASTY (AD 320–550)
			Fahien’s Visit
			Successors of Chandragupta II
			Literature during Gupta Period
			Economy during Gupta Period
			Development of Science during Gupta Period
			Gupta Administration
				Social Life
				Art and Architecture
		RISE OF FEUDALISM IN INDIA
			The Vardhans (ad 550–647)
				Harshavardhana (AD 606–647)
				Harsha’s Military Conquests
			Harsha’s Administration
				Social and Economic Life
				Cultural Progress
				Nalanda University
				Kanauj Assembly and Prayag Conference
		THE PALLAVAS (AD 575–897)
			Political History
			Administration of the Pallavas
			Society Under the Pallavas
			Education and Literature
			Pallava Art and Architecture
			Fine Arts
		CHALUKYAS (543–755 AD)
			Chalukyan Administration and Social Life
			Art and Architecture
		RASHTRAKUTAS (755–975 AD)
			Administration
			Society and Economy
			Cultural Contributions
			Art and Architecture
		SANGAM AGE
			Sangam Literature
			Other Sources
			Political History
				Cheras
				Early Cholas
				Pandyas
			Sangam Polity
			Sangam Society
			Religion
				Position of Women
				Fine Arts
				Economy of the Sangam Age
				End of the Sangam Age
		IMPERIAL CHOLAS (AD 850—1279)
			Administration
				Central Government
				Revenue
				Military Administration
				Provincial Administration
				Village Assemblies
				Socio-Economic Life
				Education and Literature
			Art and Architecture
		RAJPUTS (AD 650–1200)
		OTHER DYNASTIES
			The Andhras
			The Yadavas (AD 1191–1318)
			Hindu Kingdom of Vijaynagar (1336–1646)
			Gujara-Pratiharas
			Palas
			Senas of Bengal
				Other Important Rulers
	MEDIEVAL INDIA
		SULTANATE OF DELHI (1206–1526)
			Slave Dynasty
			Khilji Dynasty
			Tughlak Dynasty
			Sayyid Dynasty
			Lodhi Dynasty
				First Battle of Panipat (1526)
			Decline of Delhi Sultanate
		MUGHAL DYNASTY
			Important Battles of Mughal Period
				Second Battle of Panipat (1556)
				Battle of Haldighati (1576)
			Decline of Mughal Empire
		VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE
		SIKHS AND MARATHAS
			The Sikhs
				Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708)
				Amritsar, Golden Temple and Adi Granth
				Ranjit Singh (1780–1839)
				Dilip Singh
				The Jats
				Suraj Mal (1756–1765)
			The Marathas (1649–1748)
				Shivaji Bhonsle (1627–1680)
				War with Shivaji
			Rise of Autonomous States
	MODERN INDIA
		COMING OF EUROPEANS
			Portuguese
			Dutch
			English
			French
			Danish
		EAST INDIA COMPANY AND BRITISH RULE
			Robert Clive
			English Conquest of Bengal
				Black-hole Tragedy
				Battle of Plassey (1757)
				Battle of Buxar (1764)
		THE CARNATIC WARS
			First Carnatic War (AD 1746–48)
			Second Carnatic War (AD 1749–54)
				Anglo-Maratha War
				Mysore War
			First Governor
		BRITISH RULE
			Governor-generals of India and Reforms
				Warren Hastings (1772–85)
				Lord Cornwallis (1786–93)
				Lord Wellesley (1798–1805)
				Lord Hastings (1813–23)
				Lord William Bentinck (1828–35)
				Sir Charles Metacalfe (1836–44)
				Lord Hardinge (1844–48)
				Lord Dalhousie (1848–56)
	INDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE
		FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
			Spread of the Revolt
			Significance of the Revolt
			Failure of the Revolt
			Causes of Failure of the Mutiny
		NAME OF THE MOVEMENT AND ITS COURSE OF THE MOVEMENT AND CONSEQUENCE
		BRITISH RULE AFTER THE REVOLT
			Indian National Congress
			Noteable Movements
			Moderate Period (1885–1905)
			Partition of Bengal
			Swadeshi Movement (1905)
			Muslim League (1906)
			Terrorist Movement
				The Gadar Movement
			Surat Session: Split in Congress (1907)
				Confrontation at the Session
			Other Revolutionary Events
			Minto–Morley Reforms (1909)
			Indian National Congress before World War I
			Home Rule Movement (1915–16)
			Indian National Congress During World War I
			Lucknow Pact (1916)
			August Declaration of 1917
		GANDHIAN ERA (1918–47)
			Montague–Chelmsford Reforms
			Rowlatt Act 1919
			Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13 April 1919)
			Khilafat Movement (1920)
			Non-cooperation Movement (1920)
				Significance of the Movement
			Chauri–Chaura Incident (1922)
			Swaraj Party (1923)
			Simon Commission (1927)
			Lahore Session (1929)
			Dandi March (1930)
			Civil Disobedience Movement (1930)
			Government of India Act 1935
			Second World War and the Indian Political Situation
			Indian National Congress During World War II
			Resignation of Congress Ministers (1939)
			The Individual Civil Disobedience
			Demand for Pakistan (1940)
			Cripps Mission
			Quit India Movement (1942–45)
				Gandhi’s Fast (1943)
				Significance
			Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army, INA)
				Origin and Purpose
				Rise and Decline
				Achievements of the INA
			Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
			Formation of the Constituent Assembly (1946)
			Mountbatten Plan (1947)
			Partition of India (1947)
		INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
		IMPORTANT TABLES AND LISTS OF INDIAN HISTORY
Chapter 3  CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
	DRAFTING OF THE CONSTITUTION
		Structure of the Indian Constitution
		Salient Features of Indian Constitution
		Preamble
			Interpretation of the Preamble
			Significance of the Preamble
			Parts and Articles of the Constitution
		How Many Articles Do We Actually Count in Indian Constitution?
		Schedules
		Citizenship
		Fundamental Rights
		Right to Property
	DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (DPSP)
		Criticism of Directive Principles
		Interrelationships (Preamble–DPSP–FRs)
		Some other Important Directive Principles
		Fundamental Duties
		Supreme Court ’s Notice on Fundamental Duties
		Three Aspects of Relations between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties
		Gandhiji’s View of Fundamental Duties
		Implications of Fundamental Duties
		Writs Mentioned in the Indian Constitution
			Types of Writs Falling under Habeas Corpus
	THE UNION EXECUTIVE
		The President
		Electoral Procedure
			Qualifications
			Powers
			Vice-President
				Functions
			The Prime Minister
			Council of Ministers
			Cabinet
			Parliament
				Rajya Sabha
			Speaker
				Conduct of Business in Parliament
	THE UNION JUDICIARY
		Supreme Court
		Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
	THE STATE EXECUTIVE
		The Governor
		Powers
	STATE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
		Chief Minister
	THE STATE LEGISLATURE
		Bicameral States
			Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad)
			Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)
	THE STATE JUDICIARY
		High Court
			Functions of the High Courts
			Appointment of Judges
			Advocate-General
			Subordinate Courts
			The National Judiciary Academy
			Districts and Session Courts
			Other Subordinate Courts
			Lok Adalats and Nyaya Panchayats
			Nyaya Panchayats
			Important Processes in the Indian Judiciary System
			Central Administrative Tribunal
	THE POLITICA L PROCESS IN INDIA
		General Elections in India
		Political Parties in India
		Official Language—Hindi
		Panchayati Raj System in Independent India
		Structure of Panchayati Raj
		Zonal Councils
		Functions
		Key Functionaries
			Attorney-General of India
			The Comptroller & Auditor General of India (CAG)
			Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
			Finance Commission
		Election Commission
	AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
		Important Constitutional Amendments
		2014 General Elections
		Electoral Participation
		Polling Management
		Other Quick Facts
Chapter 4A  INDIAN ECONOMY
	PLANNING IN INDIA
		The NITI Aayog
		Functions of Niti
		Justification for Replacing Planning Commission with NITI
		Purpose of the Five Year Plans
		Planning Commission (PC)
		National Planning Council (NPC)
		National Development Council (NDC)
	FIVE YEAR PLANS
		Poverty Line
		Employment
			Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation Programmes
		Recent Employment Related Schemes and Programmes
	INDUSTRIES
		Major Large-scale Industries
		Private Sector Steel Plant
			Various Organizations Connected with Industries
		Petroleum and Natural Gases
			Corporations
Chapter 4B  BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDIA
	CURRENCY SYSTEM
		Historical Background
		Decimal System
		Issue and Distribution of Currency
		Coins
		Do You Know
		Currency Denominations
		Demonetization of Currency
	BANKING SYSTEM
		Development of Banking System in India
		Composition of Banking System
	RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
		Creation
		Organization of Banks
			Governors
	INTERNAL ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
		Departments in the Bank
		Functions
		Imperial Bank of India
		Scheduled Banks
		Public Sector Banks
			State Bank of India
		New Brand Identify of SBI
		Merging of Subsidiacian of SBI into the SBI
			Nationalization of Banks
		All-India Financial Institution (FIs) and Development Finance Institutions (DFIs)
		NBFC & MFI
		Some Important Types of NBFCs are:
		Gold Loan NBFCs in India
		Micro-finance Institutions (MFIs)
		Lead Bank Scheme
		New Banks in Private Sectors
			List of Private Sector Banks
		RBI's Push to Government on Banking Reforms
		Indradhanush
		The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) [Operational by March 2017]
		Banks Board Bureau (BBB)
		P.J. Nayak Committee Reforms
		Government's Share-holding in PSBs
		G. Gopalkrishna Committee
			Reforms in the Rural and Co-operative Banking Sector
			Foreign Banks in India
			Monetary and Credit Policy
		Narasimham Committee Report on Banking Sector Reforms
	INSURANCE
		Introduction
		Life Insurance Corporation (LIC)
		General Insurance Corporation (GIC)
			Social Security Group Scheme
			Insurance Statistics
		Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA)
		IRDA Timelines
		Insurance Sector: An Overview
			Highpoints
			Health Insurance
		Major Private Sector Insurance Companies
			Life Insurance
			General Insurance
		Investment
			Unit Trust of India
		Mutual Funds
		UTI
		Under Bifurcated Structure
			Recent Policy Developments
		Pension Reforms
			Insurance Ombudsmen
			Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
			New Pension System (NPS)
			Social Security Scheme - Aam Aadmi BimaYojana (AABY)
			Swavalamban Scheme
			Atal Pension Yojana (Social Sector Scheme pertaining to Pension Sector) APY
		Stock Exchanges
			Stock Markets in India
			Securities and Exchange Board of India
		Mints and Presses
	RATE OF INFLATION
		Chakravarthy Committee (1982–1985)
		Causes of Inflation
		Remedial Measures to Control Inflation
			Short-term Measures
			Long-term Measures
			Consequences of Inflation
Chapter 5  NATIONAL INSIGNIA AND OTHER INDIAN MISCELLANEA
	NATIONAL INSIGNIA
		National Flag
		National Emblem
		National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana)
		National Song (Vande Mataram)
		National Calendar (Saka)
		National Animal
		National Aquatic Animal
		National Bird
		National River
		National Flower
		National Tree
		Currency Symbol
		National Fruit
	WORLD RECORDS HELD BY INDIA
		Trade and Industry
		Agriculture/Natural Resources
		Buildings/Roads/Bridges
		Miscellaneous
		Individual Achievements
		Important National Awards
	DANCES OF INDIA
		Bharatanatyam
		Odissi
		Chakyarkoothu
		Manipuri
		Kuchipudi
		Kathak
		Kathakali
		Mohiniattam
		Ottamthullal
	TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
		Postal Service
		India Post Payments Bank
			Telecommunication
		TCOES
			Indian Railways
			Other Facts About Indian Railways
			Railway Zones
			Disinvestment of Railway PSEs (Public Sector Enterprisessuch as IRCTC, IRFC and IRCON
		Roads
		Classification of Roads in India and Authority Responsible
		Bharatmala Project
		Setu Bharatam Programme
		Green Highway Policy, 2015
			List of State-wise Important National Highways in India
		Shipping
		National Waterways
		Areas of Maritime Interest for India
			Primary Areas
			Secondary Areas
		Air Transport
		Disinvestment of AIR INDIA
		STATE (CITY): AIRPORT
			Major Domestic Airlines of India
	DEFENCE AND SECURITY
		India’s Defence Set-Up
			Army
		Integrated Defence Staff
			Readiness of Future Wars
			Nuclear War Readiness
			Mountain Strike Corps
			India’s Combat Vehicles
			India’s Missiles and Other Artillery
			India’s Air Defence Artillery
			Air Force
		Future fighter Planes of the Indian Air force
			Navy
		A Peek into India’s Naval Fleet
			Surface Ship (Date of Commission)
			Destroyers
		Training Vessels
		Indian Navy and India’s Look East Policy
		India’s Maritime Neighbours
		Commissioned Ranks
			The Department of Defence Production
	INDIA’S INTERNAL SECURITY
		Central Police Organizations
		Central Armed Police Forces
		State and UT Police
		Other Important Defence and Security Institutions
	SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
		India’s Missile Programme
			1. Agni
			2. Brahmos
			3. Prithvi
			4. Akash
			5. Trishul
			Astra Missile
			Other Missiles
			Rajendra Radar System
		Nuclear Capability
		Biological and Chemical Armory
		India’s Space Programme
			Space Missions
		Space Research Programme
			Chandrayan Mission
			Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)
		Other Space Science Missions
			Astrostat
			Aditya I
			SATNAV Programme
			GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation
			Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)
			LVM3-X/CARE MISSION
	INDIA’S ATOMIC RESEARCH
		First Nuclear Explosion
		First Nuclear Implosion
		First Rice Straw Power Plant
		Ocean Waves Energy Project
		Pokhran Tests
	NUCLEAR POWER PROJECTS IN INDIA
		Nuclear Power in India
		Nuclear Energy Parks
Chapter 6  PHYSICAL AND WORLD GEOGRAPHY
	SOLAR SYSTEM
		Milky Way
		The Collision Theory
		The Sun
			What powers the Sun?
		Planets
			Extrasolar Planets
		Satellites
			Moon
		Asteroids
		Meteors
		Comets
	EARTH AND ITS BASIC FACTS
		Shape of the Earth
			Structure of the Earth
			Composition of the Earth
			Large Harden Collider (LHC)
			Earth’s Movements
			How Seasons Change?
	ATMOSPHERE
		Atmospheric Layers
	WINDS
		Types of Winds
	LITHOSPHERE
		Sima and Sila Layers
		Principle of Isostasy
		Theory of Continental Drift
		Plate Tectonics
		Volcanism
		Diastrophism
		Rocks
	GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
		The Continents
		Mountains
	HYDROSPHERE
		Largest Ocean
		Shipping Canals
		Major Rivers of the World
	THE WORLD WE LIVE IN
		Countries
			The Curious Case of Taiwan
		Time
		Wonders of the World
			Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Chapter 7  INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
	UNITED NATIONS (UN) ORGANIzATION
		How the Name United Nations Was Coined?
			Foundation Day of the UN
			First Regular Session of the UN
			Headquarters of the UN
			The UN Flag and the Emblem
		Agencies Related to the United Nations
			Aims and Objectives
			Membership of the UN
			Organization of the UN
		General Assembly (GA)
		Security Council (SC)
		The Economic and Social Council
		International Court of Justice (ICJ)
		Trusteeship Council
		Secretariat
		Secretary-Generals of the UN
			Changing Role of United Nations
	EUROPEAN UNION
		Important Information
			Important Treaties (Establishment)
		Main Institutional Changes Introduced by the Lisbon Treaty
		Member States
	THE COMMONWEALTH
	THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM)
	SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL CO-OPERATION (SAARC)
		Important Points
	OTHER WORLD ORGANIZATIONS
		Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
		Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
		Arab League (League of Arab States)
		Benelux Economic Union
		North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
		Group of 77
		Former Members
		Colombo Plan
		Organization of American States (OAS)
		Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
		Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
		Amnesty International
		Red Cross
		Interpol
		World Trade Organization (WTO)
		Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
		Group of Eight (G8)
		Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
		Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
		The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
		Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
		African Union
		Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
		Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
		Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
		Next Eleven (N-11)
		E-7 (Emerging-7)
		E-9 Nations
		G-4
		Uniting for Consensus
		G-8 (Group of Eight)
		G-6 (Group of Six)
		G-(8+5)
		G-15
		G-20 (Group of 20)
		G-24 (Group of Twenty-Four)
			Member Countries
		World Bank
			World Bank Group Organizations
			Regional Units of the WB
		International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Chapter 8  GENERAL SCIENCE
	EVERYDAY SCIENCE
		Systems of Measurements
		International System (SI)
		Non-SI Units Used Along with International System
		Derived Units of the International System (SI)
		Number System
		Arabic Numerals
		Invention of Zero and The Hindu Arabic Numbers
		Invention of the Decimal System
		Roman Numerals
		Mathematical Symbols
	IMPORTANT LISTS
	FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS
		Mechanics
			Matter
			Mass
			Weight
			Density
			Force
			Friction
			Energy
			Surface Tension
			Motion and Work
			Work
			Elasticity
		Heat
			Evaporation
			Transfer of Heat
			Radiation
			Convection
			Laws of Thermodynamics
		Light
			Composition
			Phenomenon of Light
			Mirrors
			Lenses
			Sound
			Phenomena Related to Sound
			Sound Waves and Music
			Ultrasonic and Supersonic Sounds
			How Do Bats Fly at Night?
			Speed of Sound in Different Media
			Speed of Sound
		Electricity
			Electric Current
			Heating Effect of Electricity
			Fuse Wire
			Magnetic Effect of Electricity
			Types of Electricity
			Household Wiring System
		Magnetism
			Magnets
			Types of Magnets
			Types of Magnetic Substances
			Magnetic Induction
			Magnetic Field of Earth
	IMPORTANT LAWS OF PHYSICS
		Archimedes’ Principle
		Avagadro’s Law
		Newton’s Laws (1642–1727)
		Coulomb’s Law (1738–1806)
		Stefan’s Law (1835–1883)
		Pascal’s Law (1623–1662)
		Hooke’s Law (1635–1703)
		Lenz’s Law (1805–1865)
		Dalton’s Law (1766–1844)
		Faraday’s Laws (1791–1867)
		Ohm’s Law (1787–1854)
	FREQUENTLY ASKED QUEST IONS
	FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY
		Elements
	METALS AND NON-METALS
		Metals
			Chemical Nature of Metals
			Steel and Iron
			Rusting of Iron
		Non-metals
	ALOYS
	MINERALS
	CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
		Chemical Reaction and Chemical Change
		Characteristics of Chemical Change
			Chemical Equation
		Air
		Water
		Hard and Soft Water
		Important Gases
	INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
		Soaps
		Glass
		Cement
		Coal
	ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
		Carbon Compounds
		Organic and Inorganic Compounds
		Carbon
		Petroleum
		Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
		Synthetic Rubber
		Synthetic Fibre
	RADIOACTIVITY
		Radioactive Emissions
		X-rays
		Nuclear Reaction and Atomic Energy
	IMPORTANT LAWS OF CHEMISTRY
		Beer’s Law
		Boyle’s Law
		Charle’s Law
		Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis
		Gay-Lussac’s Law
		Hess’ Law
		Graham’s Law of Diffusion
		Henry’s Law
		Lambert’s Law
		Raoult’s Law
		Law of Conservation of Mass and Matter
	IMPORTANT CHEMICAL PROCESSES
	IMPORTANT CHEMICAL TESTS
	LIFE SCIENCE
		The Cell
		Historical Background
		Size of the Cell
		Structure
		Cell Division
		Plants and Animal Cells
	CLASSIFICATION OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS
		Scientific Nomenclature
		General Classification
	IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
		Photosynthesis
		Metabolism
		Respiration
		Fertilization
		Transpiration
	HUMAN BODY
		Anatomy and Physiology
			Blood
			Constituents of Blood
			Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC)
			White Blood Corpuscles (WBC)
			Blood Grouping
			Blood Clotting
			Rh Factor
			Blood Transfusion
			Blood Pressure
		The Skeletal System (Bones)
			Functions
			Composition of Bones
			Important Bones
		Muscular System
		Main Organs
			Heart
			Lungs
			Liver
			Kidneys
			Spleen
			Human Brain
			Central Nervous System
			Function of Nerves
			Classification of Nerves
		Sense Organs
			Tongue
			Nose
			Eye
			Ear
		Glands of the Human Body
		Digestive Organs
			Process of Digestion
			Digestive Secretions
		The Reproductive Organs
		Human Cell, Genes and Heredity
			Human cell
			Chromosomes
			Genes
			Genetic Engineering
			Sex Determination
			Twins
		Human Genetics
		Human Diet
	DISEASES OF HUMAN BODY
		Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
	COMMON DISEASES
		Malaria
		Tuberculosis
		Cholera
		Tetanus
		Diphtheria
		Typhoid
		Plague
		Typhus
		Pneumonia
		Gonorrhoea
		Syphillis
		Whooping Cough
		Some Blood Diseases
		Diseases of the Eyes
		Common Body Disorders
		Common Drugs
	NEW-GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
		In the Field of Agriculture
			Agricultural Robots
			Closed Ecological System
			Cultured Meat
			Precision Agriculture
			Variable Rate Technology (VRT)
			Vertical Farming
		In the Field of Aviation
			Micro Air Vehicles
			Drones
			Neural-Sensing Headsets
		In the Field of Construction and Architecture
			Claytronics
			4D Printing
			Molecular Assemblers
			Utility Fog
			Domed City
		In the Field of Display/Imagery
			3D Displays
			Holography
			OLED Displays
			Augmented Reality (AR)
			Screenless Displays
			Eye Tap
			Volumetric Displays
			Immersive Virtual Reality
			Ultra-High Definition TV
			Computer Generated Imagery
		In the Field of Textiles/Fabrics/Polymers
			E-Textiles
			Spintronics
			Bioplastics
			Conductive Polymers
			LiTraCon
			Metal Foam
			Metamaterials
			Nanomaterials
			Carbon Nanotubes
			Quantam Dots
			Superalloys
			Time Crystals
		In the Field of Energy
			Artificial Photosynthesis
			Concentrated Solar Power
			Energy Harvesting
			Net Metering
			Wireless Energy Transfer
			Zero-Energy Buildings
		In the Field of Medical Science
			Artificial Uterus
			Prosthesis
			Cryogenics
			De-extinction
			Ethnic Bioweapon
			Oncolytic Virus
			Personalized Medicine
			Full Genome Sequencing
			Plantibody
			Regenerative Medicine
			Robotic Surgery
			Stem Cell Therapy
			Digital Pill
			Gene Therapy
			Cancer Vaccines
			Tissue Engineering
			Synthetic Biology
			Medical Tricoder
			Cryoprotectant
			Neuroinformatics
			Electroencephalography
			Neuroprosthetics
		In the Field of Military/Defecnce Technology
			Caseless Ammunition
			Cloaking Device
			Green Bullet
			Sonic Weapon
			Stealth Technology
			Vortex Ring Gun
			Wireless Long-range Electric Shock Weapon
		In the Field of Space Technology
			Asteroid Mining
			Inflatable Space Habitat
			Miniaturized Satellite
		In the Field of Robotics
			Robotics
			Human-like Robots
			Androids
			Molecular Nanotechnology
			Nanorobotics
			Swarm Robotics
			Unmanned Vehicles
		In the Field of Transport Technology
			Airless Tire
			Alternative Fuel Vehicles
			Beam-powered Propulsion
			Flying Car
			Driverless Cars
			Hover bike
			Space Elevator
			Supersonic Transport
			Vehicular Communication System
Chapter 9 COMPUTERS
	INTRODUCTION
	CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
	ADVANTAGES
		Scientific Research
		Business Applications
		Office Automation
	COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
	INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES
		Input Devices
		Output Units
	SOME COMMONLY USED TERMS
	DIFFERENT TYPES OF LANGUAGES
		Low Level Languages
		High Level Languages
	OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
		Uses of Operating System
	NETWORKING
		LAN
		Wide Area Network (WAN)
		Switches, Routers and Access Points
		Switches
		Routers
		Access Points
	INTERNET
		What is Internet?
	IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY/CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY
		Next Generation Technologies
			3G/4G/B4G/LTE
			Internet of Things (IoT)
			Data Lake
			Cloud Storage
			Cloud Computing
			SaaS
			Encryption as a Service (EaaS)
		Artificial Intelligence (AI)
		Swarm Intelligence (SI)
		3-D Printing
		Ambient Intelligence
			Blockchains
			Digital Twin
			Artificial General Intelligence
			Synthetics Diamonds
			DNA Digital Data Storage
			Exascale Computing
			Gesture Recognition
			Machine Vision
			Machine Translation
			Nano-Radio
			Optical Computing
			Semantic Web
			Speech Recognition
			Subvocal Speech Recognition
Chapter 10  BASIC GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
	100 IMPORTANT BOOKS AND AUTHORS
	WOR LD’S GREAT PERSONA LITIES
	PROMINENT FIGURES OF THE INDIAN FREEDOM MOVEMENT
	RELIGIONS OF THE WOR LD
		1. Buddhism
		2. Confucianism
		3. Christianity
		4. Hinduism
		5. Islam
		6. Judaism (Religion of the Hebrews)
		7. Shintoism
		8. Sikhism
		9. Taoism
		10. Zoroastrianism (Parsi Religion)
		11. Jainism
		12. Baha'i
	AWARDS AND HONOURS
		International Awards
			Nobel Prize
	NATIONAL AWARDS
		Republic Day Awards (Civilian Awards)
			Bharat Ratna
			Padma Awards
			Gallantry Awards
			Winners of Param Vir Chakra
			Other Gallantry Awards (Civilian Gallantry Awards)
	SPORTS
		Olympics
		Ancient Olympics
		Modern Olympics
		Asian Games
		Commonwealth Games
		World Cup Cricket
		T-20 Cricket World Cup
		Indian Permier League
		World Cup Hockey
		World Cup Soccer (Football) Tournament
		Important Trophies and Cups
	TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS
	ALL PURPOSE GLOSARY
	MISCELLAN EOUS
Chapter 11  CURRENT EVENTS
	NATIONAL CURRENT AFFAIRS
		ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 2018
			Tripura
			Meghalaya
			Nagaland
			Karnataka
			State Assembly By-Polls in 2018 Results (10 Assembly Seats across 9 States)
			Future Assembly Elections after June 2018
			By-Elections to the Lok Sabha in 2018 Results
			Elections to the Rajya Sabha
		OTHER NATIONAL NEWS
			Taj Mahal Declaration
			Confining Illegal Rohingyas to Designated Camps
			Zojila Project in Leh
			Swachh Rating (Indore Cleanest City)
			No Permanent Accommodation for Ex-CMs
			New Draft National Forest Policy 2018
			SATH-E Project Roadmaps
			Key Highlights of the Project
			TB-Free India Campaign
			Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Bill, 2018
			Telephone Subscribers Base in India (May 2018 Report)
			Airport-like Railway Stations
		NEWS FROM STATES AND UNION TERROTERIES
			Andhra Pradesh
				TDP exits NDA at Centre
			Arunachal Pradesh
				State on the Aviation Map
				AFSPA Removed in Some Parts of the State
			Assam
				Protests Against the Citizen (Amendment) Bill, 2016
			Bihar
				Back in Ranji Trophy Fold
				Special Category Status Denied
			Goa
				No Selfie Zone
				State-owned App-Based Taxi Service
			Gujarat
				Naroda Patiya Case Verdict
				Narrow-Gauge Lines to be Preserved
			Haryana
				Sports Award Controversy
			Himachal Pradesh
				Shimla Water Crisis
			Jammu & Kashmir
				Governor Rule in the State
			Karnataka
				GPS Fitted Cars on Poll Duty
				Fraud Reporting at Karnataka Bank
			Madhya Pradesh
				Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA) Launched
			Maharashtra
				Statue of Shivaji
				Law to Encourage Inter-caste, Inter-religion Marriages
			Meghalaya
				AFSPA Removed
			Odisha
				Mahanadi Water Sharing Dispute
			Punjab
				Bharat Bandh Call by Dalit Organizations
			Rajasthan
				International Educational Institution for Minorities
			Tamil Nadu
				Sterlite Plant Controversy
			Telangana
				Demands for Growth of Telangana
			Highest Growth Rate among Indian States
			West Bengal
				West Bengal Panchayat Polls
			Andaman and Nicobar Islands
				‘Milan’―16 Nation Naval War Games
			Delhi
				Dust Cloud over Delhi―NCR
		ART & CULTURE
			Seva Bhoj Yojana
			Project JATAN
			Monuments/Historical Sites in NE States Identified for Listing under World Heritage Site
			ASI Identifies 100 Adarsh Smaraks
		SUPREME COURT VERDICTS
			SC: Passive Euthanasia Permissible
			SC: Directs Centre to Set up Committee to Study How Temples are Managed
			SC: No Salary to MP till Pendency of Plea Challenging Disqualification from Rajya Sabha
			SC: Verdict on Floor Test on Karnataka Assembly
			SC: Approves Draft of Cauvery Management Scheme
			SC: On Aadhaar Linking
		HEALTH AND DISEASES
			States Sign AB-NHPM
			Nipah Virus Outbreak
		DEFENCE AND SECURITY
			INS Karanj Launched
			ATGM NAG Test Flight Successful
			BrahMos with Indigenous Seeker Test Fired Successfully
			LCA Tejas Fires Derby Air-to-Air BVR Missile’
			Gangashakti 2018
			DefExpo 2018
			SFDR Test Flight Successful
			Surya Kiran-XII
			Circumnavigation Completed by INSV Tarini
			AGNI-V Successfully Tested
		SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
			PSLV Successfully Launches 31 Satellites in a Single Flight
			GSLV Successfully Launches GSAT-6A Satellite
			Space Grade Lithium-Ion Cells by ISRO-BHEL
		ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
			India and Climate Change
			Current Multilateral Negotiations on Climate Change
			International Solar Alliance (ISA)
			Sustainable Development Goals
			Making Cities Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable
			Ujjwala Plus Scheme
			Sustainable Energy
			Industrial, Corporate and Infrastructure Performance
			Initiatives in Important Industrial Sectors
			Status of Infrastructure Development
			Social Infrastructure
			Other Sectors
	INTERNATIONAL CURRENT AFFAIRS
		TRUMP—KIM SUMMIT
		MORE POWER FOR XI JINPING IN CHINA
		DISPLACED POPULATION WORLD OVER
		CHINA’S “DEBT-TRAP DIPLOMACY”
		CHANGE OF GUARD
			South Korea—President
			Nepal PM
			Germany—Chancellor
			Russia—President
			Spain—PM
			Malaysia
			Turkey—President
			Mexico—President
			Columbia—President
			Italy—Key Ministers
		INDIAN PM’S FOREIGN VISITS AND AGREEMENTS SIGNED IN 2018
			Indonesia
			Singapore
		NATIONS OF THE WORLD
			Russia
				Floating Nuclear Power Plant
			Pakistan
				On Grey List of Terror Funding
				Chinese Investment
			USA
				Central American Migration
				‘Cal 3’ Initiative
				CAATSA Sanctions
			Macedonia
				Name Dispute
			China
				Combating Air Pollution
			UK
				Eases Visa Rules
			Maldives
				Declaration of Emergency
			Switzerland
				Financial Secrecy Index
			Saudi Arabia
				Anti-Corruption Drive
			Iran
				Invites China and Pakistan to joint Chabahar Port
				Set to Boost Enrichment Capacity
			Turkey
				Waterway to Bypass Bosphorus Strait
				TANAP Gas Pipeline
			Iran
				Moqtada al-Sadr Wins
			Israel
				US Opens Embassy in Jerusalem
			Ireland
				Abortion Legalized
			Yemen
				Hodeida Port Captured
			Guatemala
				Volcán de Fuego
		BILATERAL/MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS
			USA—Pakistan
				Reduction in Aid
			USA—Iran
				USA Quits Iran Nuclear Deal
			Bangladesh—Myanmar
				Rohingya Refugees Crisis
			China—Nepal
				India’s Monopoly on Internet Ends
			TAPI Pipeline
				Breaks Ground on Afghan Section
			Pakistan—China
				Pakistan’s Borrowing from China
			North Korea—China
				Kim’s Secret Visit to China
			India-Japan
				Strategic Dialogue
			China—Bangladesh
				To Build Economic Hub
			India—Pakistan
				Gilgit-Baltistan Order
			India—Nepal
				Janakpur-Ayodhya Bus Link
			Ethiopia—Eritrea
				Chance to end Border Dispute
			North Korea—South Korea
				Historical Summit
				Economic Upturn for Koreas
		SUMMITS AND ORGANIZATIONS
			EU
				Defence Force Plan
			NATO Summit
			CPEC
				Afghanistan’s Entry
			UNICEF
				Illiteracy in Conflict-Ridden-Countries
			United Nations
				New Funding for Ethiopian Crisis
	INDIAN ECONOMY
		OVERVIEW OF INDIAN ECONOMY
			Economic Survey 2017–18
			Highlights of Economic Survey 2017–18
			Union Budget 2018–19
			Budget 2018–19 Highlights
			Railways Budget
			Few Initiatives in Detail
			Allocations and Updates Of Existing Schemes
		MISCELLANEOUS ECONOMIC SECTOR NEWS
			GeM 3.0 Version Launched
			Action Plan for Champion Sectors in Services
			NEIDS, 2017
			Additional World Bank Financing for PMGSY
			XV Finance Commission: High Level Group on Health Sector
			Atal Pension Yojna (APY) subscribers Bases crosses 1 Crore mark
			Innovate in India for Inclusiveness Project
	SPORTS & TOURNAMENT
		FIFA WORLD CUP 2018 (14 JUNE –15 JUL , 2018)
			Group Stage
			Knock-Out Stage
				Round of 16
				Quarterfinals
				Semifinals
				3rd Place match
				Finals
				Commonwealth Games 2018 (4Th–1Th Apr, 2018)
				India at CWG-2018
				Champions Trophy 2018
				Uefa Champions League Football 2018
				IPL 2018 Edition
				Tennis Grand Slams 2018
				French Open 2018
				Wimbledon Open 2018
				US Open 2018
				ASIAD 2018
			Tournament Results
				Tennis
			Cricket
				Indian Domestic Tournaments
			International Series & Tournaments
				Tests
				One-Day Internationals
				Twenty 20 Internationals
			Badminton
			Golf
			Swimming
			Archery
			Athletics
			Hockey
	AWARD AND HONOURS
		National
		International
		National
		International
		National
		International
		65th National Film Award 2017—Winners:
		International
		National
		International
		International Press Freedom Award 2017
		National
		International
			IAAF’s 2017 Athlete of the Year