PDF reference: Adobe portable document format, version 1.3

Document management — Portable document format — Part 1: PDF 1.7
Contents Page
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Conformance
	2.1 General
	2.2 Conforming readers
	2.3 Conforming writers
	2.4 Conforming products
3 Normative references
4 Terms and definitions
5 Notation
6 Version Designations
7 Syntax
	7.1 General
	7.2 Lexical Conventions
		7.2.1 General
		7.2.2 Character Set
		7.2.3 Comments
	7.3 Objects
		7.3.1 General
		7.3.2 Boolean Objects
		7.3.3 Numeric Objects
		7.3.4 String Objects
			7.3.4.1 General
			7.3.4.2 Literal Strings
			7.3.4.3 Hexadecimal Strings
		7.3.5 Name Objects
		7.3.6 Array Objects
		7.3.7 Dictionary Objects
		7.3.8 Stream Objects
			7.3.8.1 General
			7.3.8.2 Stream Extent
		7.3.9 Null Object
		7.3.10 Indirect Objects
	7.4 Filters
		7.4.1 General
		7.4.2 ASCIIHexDecode Filter
		7.4.3 ASCII85Decode Filter
		7.4.4 LZWDecode and FlateDecode Filters
			7.4.4.1 General
			7.4.4.2 Details of LZW Encoding
			7.4.4.3 LZWDecode and FlateDecode Parameters
			7.4.4.4 LZW and Flate Predictor Functions
		7.4.5 RunLengthDecode Filter
		7.4.6 CCITTFaxDecode Filter
		7.4.7 JBIG2Decode Filter
		7.4.8 DCTDecode Filter
		7.4.9 JPXDecode Filter
		7.4.10 Crypt Filter
	7.5 File Structure
		7.5.1 General
		7.5.2 File Header
		7.5.3 File Body
		7.5.4 Cross-Reference Table
		7.5.5 File Trailer
		7.5.6 Incremental Updates
		7.5.7 Object Streams
		7.5.8 Cross-Reference Streams
			7.5.8.1 General
			7.5.8.2 Cross-Reference Stream Dictionary
			7.5.8.3 Cross-Reference Stream Data
			7.5.8.4 Compatibility with Applications That Do Not Support Compressed Reference Streams
	7.6 Encryption
		7.6.1 General
		7.6.2 General Encryption Algorithm
		7.6.3 Standard Security Handler
			7.6.3.1 General
			7.6.3.2 Standard Encryption Dictionary
			7.6.3.3 Encryption Key Algorithm
			7.6.3.4 Password Algorithms
		7.6.4 Public-Key Security Handlers
			7.6.4.1 General
			7.6.4.2 Public-Key Encryption Dictionary
			7.6.4.3 Public-Key Encryption Algorithms
		7.6.5 Crypt Filters
	7.7 Document Structure
		7.7.1 General
		7.7.2 Document Catalog
		7.7.3 Page Tree
			7.7.3.1 General
			7.7.3.2 Page Tree Nodes
			7.7.3.3 Page Objects
			7.7.3.4 Inheritance of Page Attributes
		7.7.4 Name Dictionary
	7.8 Content Streams and Resources
		7.8.1 General
		7.8.2 Content Streams
		7.8.3 Resource Dictionaries
	7.9 Common Data Structures
		7.9.1 General
		7.9.2 String Object Types
			7.9.2.1 General
			7.9.2.2 Text String Type
			7.9.2.3 PDFDocEncoded String Type
			7.9.2.4 Byte String Type
		7.9.3 Text Streams
		7.9.4 Dates
		7.9.5 Rectangles
		7.9.6 Name Trees
		7.9.7 Number Trees
	7.10 Functions
		7.10.1 General
		7.10.2 Type 0 (Sampled) Functions
		7.10.3 Type 2 (Exponential Interpolation) Functions
		7.10.4 Type 3 (Stitching) Functions
		7.10.5 Type 4 (PostScript Calculator) Functions
			7.10.5.1 General
			7.10.5.2 Errors in Type 4 Functions
	7.11 File Specifications
		7.11.1 General
		7.11.2 File Specification Strings
			7.11.2.1 General
			7.11.2.2 Absolute and Relative File Specifications
			7.11.2.3 Conversion to Platform-Dependent File Names
			7.11.2.4 Multiple-Byte Strings in File Specifications
		7.11.3 File Specification Dictionaries
		7.11.4 Embedded File Streams
			7.11.4.1 General
			7.11.4.2 Related Files Arrays
		7.11.5 URL Specifications
		7.11.6 Collection Items
		7.11.7 Maintenance of File Specifications
	7.12 Extensions Dictionary
		7.12.1 General
		7.12.2 Developer Extensions Dictionary
		7.12.3 BaseVersion
		7.12.4 ExtensionLevel
8 Graphics
	8.1 General
	8.2 Graphics Objects
	8.3 Coordinate Systems
		8.3.1 General
		8.3.2 Coordinate Spaces
			8.3.2.1 General
			8.3.2.2 Device Space
			8.3.2.3 User Space
			8.3.2.4 Other Coordinate Spaces
			8.3.2.5 Relationships among Coordinate Spaces
		8.3.3 Common Transformations
		8.3.4 Transformation Matrices
	8.4 Graphics State
		8.4.1 General
		8.4.2 Graphics State Stack
		8.4.3 Details of Graphics State Parameters
			8.4.3.1 General
			8.4.3.2 Line Width
			8.4.3.3 Line Cap Style
			8.4.3.4 Line Join Style
			8.4.3.5 Miter Limit
			8.4.3.6 Line Dash Pattern
		8.4.4 Graphics State Operators
		8.4.5 Graphics State Parameter Dictionaries
	8.5 Path Construction and Painting
		8.5.1 General
		8.5.2 Path Construction Operators
			8.5.2.1 General
			8.5.2.2 Cubic Bézier Curves
		8.5.3 Path-Painting Operators
			8.5.3.1 General
			8.5.3.2 Stroking
			8.5.3.3 Filling
				8.5.3.3.1 General
				8.5.3.3.2 Nonzero Winding Number Rule
				8.5.3.3.3 Even-Odd Rule
		8.5.4 Clipping Path Operators
	8.6 Colour Spaces
		8.6.1 General
		8.6.2 Colour Values
		8.6.3 Colour Space Families
		8.6.4 Device Colour Spaces
			8.6.4.1 General
			8.6.4.2 DeviceGray Colour Space
			8.6.4.3 DeviceRGB Colour Space
			8.6.4.4 DeviceCMYK Colour Space
		8.6.5 CIE-Based Colour Spaces
			8.6.5.1 General
			8.6.5.2 CalGray Colour Spaces
			8.6.5.3 CalRGB Colour Spaces
			8.6.5.4 Lab Colour Spaces
			8.6.5.5 ICCBased Colour Spaces
			8.6.5.6 Default Colour Spaces
			8.6.5.7 Implicit Conversion of CIE-Based Colour Spaces
			8.6.5.8 Rendering Intents
		8.6.6 Special Colour Spaces
			8.6.6.1 General
			8.6.6.2 Pattern Colour Spaces
			8.6.6.3 Indexed Colour Spaces
			8.6.6.4 Separation Colour Spaces
			8.6.6.5 DeviceN Colour Spaces
			8.6.6.6 Multitone Examples
		8.6.7 Overprint Control
		8.6.8 Colour Operators
	8.7 Patterns
		8.7.1 General
		8.7.2 General Properties of Patterns
		8.7.3 Tiling Patterns
			8.7.3.1 General
			8.7.3.2 Coloured Tiling Patterns
			8.7.3.3 Uncoloured Tiling Patterns
		8.7.4 Shading Patterns
			8.7.4.1 General
			8.7.4.2 Shading Operator
			8.7.4.3 Shading Dictionaries
			8.7.4.4 Colour Space: Special Considerations
				8.7.4.4.1 General
			8.7.4.5 Shading Types
				8.7.4.5.1 General
				8.7.4.5.2 Type 1 (Function-Based) Shadings
				8.7.4.5.3 Type 2 (Axial) Shadings
				8.7.4.5.4 Type 3 (Radial) Shadings
				8.7.4.5.5 Type 4 Shadings (Free-Form Gouraud-Shaded Triangle Meshes)
				8.7.4.5.6 Type 5 Shadings (Lattice-Form Gouraud-Shaded Triangle Meshes)
				8.7.4.5.7 Type 6 Shadings (Coons Patch Meshes)
				8.7.4.5.8 Type 7 Shadings (Tensor-Product Patch Meshes)
	8.8 External Objects
		8.8.1 General
		8.8.2 PostScript XObjects
	8.9 Images
		8.9.1 General
		8.9.2 Image Parameters
		8.9.3 Sample Representation
		8.9.4 Image Coordinate System
		8.9.5 Image Dictionaries
			8.9.5.1 General
			8.9.5.2 Decode Arrays
			8.9.5.3 Image Interpolation
			8.9.5.4 Alternate Images
		8.9.6 Masked Images
			8.9.6.1 General
			8.9.6.2 Stencil Masking
			8.9.6.3 Explicit Masking
			8.9.6.4 Colour Key Masking
		8.9.7 Inline Images
	8.10 Form XObjects
		8.10.1 General
		8.10.2 Form Dictionaries
		8.10.3 Group XObjects
		8.10.4 Reference XObjects
			8.10.4.1 General
			8.10.4.2 Printing Reference XObjects
			8.10.4.3 Special Considerations
	8.11 Optional Content
		8.11.1 General
		8.11.2 Optional Content Groups
			8.11.2.1 General
			8.11.2.2 Optional Content Membership Dictionaries
			8.11.2.3 Intent
		8.11.3 Making Graphical Content Optional
			8.11.3.1 General
			8.11.3.2 Optional Content in Content Streams
			8.11.3.3 Optional Content in XObjects and Annotations
		8.11.4 Configuring Optional Content
			8.11.4.1 General
			8.11.4.2 Optional Content Properties Dictionary
			8.11.4.3 Optional Content Configuration Dictionaries
			8.11.4.4 Usage and Usage Application Dictionaries
			8.11.4.5 Determining the State of Optional Content Groups
9 Text
	9.1 General
	9.2 Organization and Use of Fonts
		9.2.1 General
		9.2.2 Basics of Showing Text
		9.2.3 Achieving Special Graphical Effects
		9.2.4 Glyph Positioning and Metrics
	9.3 Text State Parameters and Operators
		9.3.1 General
		9.3.2 Character Spacing
		9.3.3 Word Spacing
		9.3.4 Horizontal Scaling
		9.3.5 Leading
		9.3.6 Text Rendering Mode
		9.3.7 Text Rise
		9.3.8 Text Knockout
	9.4 Text Objects
		9.4.1 General
		9.4.2 Text-Positioning Operators
		9.4.3 Text-Showing Operators
		9.4.4 Text Space Details
	9.5 Introduction to Font Data Structures
	9.6 Simple Fonts
		9.6.1 General
		9.6.2 Type 1 Fonts
			9.6.2.1 General
			9.6.2.2 Standard Type 1 Fonts (Standard 14 Fonts)
			9.6.2.3 Multiple Master Fonts
		9.6.3 TrueType Fonts
		9.6.4 Font Subsets
		9.6.5 Type 3 Fonts
		9.6.6 Character Encoding
			9.6.6.1 General
			9.6.6.2 Encodings for Type 1 Fonts
			9.6.6.3 Encodings for Type 3 Fonts
			9.6.6.4 Encodings for TrueType Fonts
	9.7 Composite Fonts
		9.7.1 General
		9.7.2 CID-Keyed Fonts Overview
		9.7.3 CIDSystemInfo Dictionaries
		9.7.4 CIDFonts
			9.7.4.1 General
			9.7.4.2 Glyph Selection in CIDFonts
			9.7.4.3 Glyph Metrics in CIDFonts
		9.7.5 CMaps
			9.7.5.1 General
			9.7.5.2 Predefined CMaps
			9.7.5.3 Embedded CMap Files
			9.7.5.4 CMap Example and Operator Summary
		9.7.6 Type 0 Font Dictionaries
			9.7.6.1 General
			9.7.6.2 CMap Mapping
			9.7.6.3 Handling Undefined Characters
	9.8 Font Descriptors
		9.8.1 General
		9.8.2 Font Descriptor Flags
		9.8.3 Font Descriptors for CIDFonts
			9.8.3.1 General
			9.8.3.2 Style
			9.8.3.3 FD
	9.9 Embedded Font Programs
	9.10 Extraction of Text Content
		9.10.1 General
		9.10.2 Mapping Character Codes to Unicode Values
		9.10.3 ToUnicode CMaps
10 Rendering
	10.1 General
	10.2 CIE-Based Colour to Device Colour
	10.3 Conversions among Device Colour Spaces
		10.3.1 General
		10.3.2 Conversion between DeviceGray and DeviceRGB
		10.3.3 Conversion between DeviceGray and DeviceCMYK
		10.3.4 Conversion from DeviceRGB to DeviceCMYK
		10.3.5 Conversion from DeviceCMYK to DeviceRGB
	10.4 Transfer Functions
	10.5 Halftones
		10.5.1 General
		10.5.2 Halftone Screens
		10.5.3 Spot Functions
		10.5.4 Threshold Arrays
		10.5.5 Halftone Dictionaries
			10.5.5.1 General
			10.5.5.2 Type 1 Halftones
			10.5.5.3 Type 6 Halftones
			10.5.5.4 Type 10 Halftones
			10.5.5.5 Type 16 Halftones
			10.5.5.6 Type 5 Halftones
	10.6 Scan Conversion Details
		10.6.1 General
		10.6.2 Flatness Tolerance
		10.6.3 Smoothness Tolerance
		10.6.4 Scan Conversion Rules
		10.6.5 Automatic Stroke Adjustment
11 Transparency
	11.1 General
	11.2 Overview of Transparency
	11.3 Basic Compositing Computations
		11.3.1 General
		11.3.2 Basic Notation for Compositing Computations
		11.3.3 Basic Compositing Formula
		11.3.4 Blending Colour Space
		11.3.5 Blend Mode
		11.3.6 Interpretation of Alpha
		11.3.7 Shape and Opacity Computations
			11.3.7.1 General
			11.3.7.2 Source Shape and Opacity
			11.3.7.3 Result Shape and Opacity
		11.3.8 Summary of Basic Compositing Computations
	11.4 Transparency Groups
		11.4.1 General
		11.4.2 Notation for Group Compositing Computations
		11.4.3 Group Structure and Nomenclature
		11.4.4 Group Compositing Computations
		11.4.5 Isolated Groups
		11.4.6 Knockout Groups
		11.4.7 Page Group
		11.4.8 Summary of Group Compositing Computations
	11.5 Soft Masks
		11.5.1 General
		11.5.2 Deriving a Soft Mask from Group Alpha
		11.5.3 Deriving a Soft Mask from Group Luminosity
	11.6 Specifying Transparency in PDF
		11.6.1 General
		11.6.2 Specifying Source and Backdrop Colours
		11.6.3 Specifying Blending Colour Space and Blend Mode
		11.6.4 Specifying Shape and Opacity
			11.6.4.1 General
			11.6.4.2 Object Shape and Opacity
			11.6.4.3 Mask Shape and Opacity
			11.6.4.4 Constant Shape and Opacity
		11.6.5 Specifying Soft Masks
			11.6.5.1 General
			11.6.5.2 Soft-Mask Dictionaries
			11.6.5.3 Soft-Mask Images
		11.6.6 Transparency Group XObjects
		11.6.7 Patterns and Transparency
	11.7 Colour Space and Rendering Issues
		11.7.1 General
		11.7.2 Colour Spaces for Transparency Groups
		11.7.3 Spot Colours and Transparency
		11.7.4 Overprinting and Transparency
			11.7.4.1 General
			11.7.4.2 Blend Modes and Overprinting
			11.7.4.3 Compatibility with Opaque Overprinting
			11.7.4.4 Special Path-Painting Considerations
			11.7.4.5 Summary of Overprinting Behaviour
		11.7.5 Rendering Parameters and Transparency
			11.7.5.1 General
			11.7.5.2 Halftone and Transfer Function
			11.7.5.3 Rendering Intent and Colour Conversions
12 Interactive Features
	12.1 General
	12.2 Viewer Preferences
	12.3 Document-Level Navigation
		12.3.1 General
		12.3.2 Destinations
			12.3.2.1 General
			12.3.2.2 Explicit Destinations
			12.3.2.3 Named Destinations
		12.3.3 Document Outline
		12.3.4 Thumbnail Images
		12.3.5 Collections
	12.4 Page-Level Navigation
		12.4.1 General
		12.4.2 Page Labels
		12.4.3 Articles
		12.4.4 Presentations
			12.4.4.1 General
			12.4.4.2 Sub-page Navigation
	12.5 Annotations
		12.5.1 General
		12.5.2 Annotation Dictionaries
		12.5.3 Annotation Flags
		12.5.4 Border Styles
		12.5.5 Appearance Streams
		12.5.6 Annotation Types
			12.5.6.1 General
			12.5.6.2 Markup Annotations
			12.5.6.3 Annotation States
			12.5.6.4 Text Annotations
			12.5.6.5 Link Annotations
			12.5.6.6 Free Text Annotations
			12.5.6.7 Line Annotations
			12.5.6.8 Square and Circle Annotations
			12.5.6.9 Polygon and Polyline Annotations
			12.5.6.10 Text Markup Annotations
			12.5.6.11 Caret Annotations
			12.5.6.12 Rubber Stamp Annotations
			12.5.6.13 Ink Annotations
			12.5.6.14 Pop-up Annotations
			12.5.6.15 File Attachment Annotations
			12.5.6.16 Sound Annotations
			12.5.6.17 Movie Annotations
			12.5.6.18 Screen Annotations
			12.5.6.19 Widget Annotations
			12.5.6.20 Printer’s Mark Annotations
			12.5.6.21 Trap Network Annotations
			12.5.6.22 Watermark Annotations
			12.5.6.23 Redaction Annotations
	12.6 Actions
		12.6.1 General
		12.6.2 Action Dictionaries
		12.6.3 Trigger Events
		12.6.4 Action Types
			12.6.4.1 General
			12.6.4.2 Go-To Actions
			12.6.4.3 Remote Go-To Actions
			12.6.4.4 Embedded Go-To Actions
			12.6.4.5 Launch Actions
			12.6.4.6 Thread Actions
			12.6.4.7 URI Actions
			12.6.4.8 Sound Actions
			12.6.4.9 Movie Actions
			12.6.4.10 Hide Actions
			12.6.4.11 Named Actions
			12.6.4.12 Set-OCG-State Actions
			12.6.4.13 Rendition Actions
			12.6.4.14 Transition Actions
			12.6.4.15 Go-To-3D-View Actions
			12.6.4.16 JavaScript Actions
	12.7 Interactive Forms
		12.7.1 General
		12.7.2 Interactive Form Dictionary
		12.7.3 Field Dictionaries
			12.7.3.1 General
			12.7.3.2 Field Names
			12.7.3.3 Variable Text
			12.7.3.4 Rich Text Strings
		12.7.4 Field Types
			12.7.4.1 General
			12.7.4.2 Button Fields
				12.7.4.2.1 General
				12.7.4.2.2 Pushbuttons
				12.7.4.2.3 Check Boxes
				12.7.4.2.4 Radio Buttons
			12.7.4.3 Text Fields
			12.7.4.4 Choice Fields
			12.7.4.5 Signature Fields
		12.7.5 Form Actions
			12.7.5.1 General
			12.7.5.2 Submit-Form Action
			12.7.5.3 Reset-Form Action
			12.7.5.4 Import-Data Action
		12.7.6 Named Pages
		12.7.7 Forms Data Format
			12.7.7.1 General
			12.7.7.2 FDF File Structure
				12.7.7.2.1 General
				12.7.7.2.2 FDF Header
				12.7.7.2.3 FDF Body
				12.7.7.2.4 FDF Trailer
			12.7.7.3 FDF Catalog
				12.7.7.3.1 General
				12.7.7.3.2 FDF Fields
				12.7.7.3.3 FDF Pages
				12.7.7.3.4 FDF Annotation Dictionaries
		12.7.8 XFA Forms
	12.8 Digital Signatures
		12.8.1 General
		12.8.2 Transform Methods
			12.8.2.1 General
			12.8.2.2 DocMDP
				12.8.2.2.1 General
				12.8.2.2.2 Validating Signatures That Use the DocMDP Transform Method
			12.8.2.3 UR
			12.8.2.4 FieldMDP
		12.8.3 Signature Interoperability
			12.8.3.1 General
			12.8.3.2 PKCS#1 Signatures
			12.8.3.3 PKCS#7 Signatures as used in ISO 32000
				12.8.3.3.1 General
				12.8.3.3.2 Revocation Information
		12.8.4 Permissions
		12.8.5 Legal Content Attestations
	12.9 Measurement Properties
	12.10 Document Requirements
		12.10.1 General
		12.10.2 Requirement Handlers
13 Multimedia Features
	13.1 General
	13.2 Multimedia
		13.2.1 General
		13.2.2 Viability
		13.2.3 Renditions
			13.2.3.1 General
			13.2.3.2 Media Renditions
			13.2.3.3 Selector Renditions
		13.2.4 Media Clip Objects
			13.2.4.1 General
			13.2.4.2 Media Clip Data
			13.2.4.3 Media Clip Section
		13.2.5 Media Play Parameters
		13.2.6 Media Screen Parameters
			13.2.6.1 General
			13.2.6.2 Media Offset Dictionary
			13.2.6.3 Timespan Dictionary
		13.2.7 Other Multimedia Objects
			13.2.7.1 General
			13.2.7.2 Media Players Dictionary
			13.2.7.3 Media Player Info Dictionary
			13.2.7.4 Software Identifier Dictionary
				13.2.7.4.1 General
				13.2.7.4.2 Software URIs
				13.2.7.4.3 Version arrays
			13.2.7.5 Monitor Specifier
	13.3 Sounds
	13.4 Movies
	13.5 Alternate Presentations
	13.6 3D Artwork
		13.6.1 General
		13.6.2 3D Annotations
		13.6.3 3D Streams
			13.6.3.1 General
			13.6.3.2 3D Animation Style Dictionaries
			13.6.3.3 3D Reference Dictionaries
		13.6.4 3D Views
			13.6.4.1 General
			13.6.4.2 Projection Dictionaries
			13.6.4.3 3D Background Dictionaries
			13.6.4.4 3D Render Mode Dictionaries
			13.6.4.5 3D Lighting Scheme Dictionaries
			13.6.4.6 3D Cross Section Dictionaries
			13.6.4.7 3D Node Dictionaries
		13.6.5 Coordinate Systems for 3D
		13.6.6 3D Markup
14 Document Interchange
	14.1 General
	14.2 Procedure Sets
	14.3 Metadata
		14.3.1 General
		14.3.2 Metadata Streams
		14.3.3 Document Information Dictionary
	14.4 File Identifiers
	14.5 Page-Piece Dictionaries
	14.6 Marked Content
		14.6.1 General
		14.6.2 Property Lists
		14.6.3 Marked Content and Clipping
	14.7 Logical Structure
		14.7.1 General
		14.7.2 Structure Hierarchy
		14.7.3 Structure Types
		14.7.4 Structure Content
			14.7.4.1 General
			14.7.4.2 Marked-Content Sequences as Content Items
			14.7.4.3 PDF Objects as Content Items
			14.7.4.4 Finding Structure Elements from Content Items
		14.7.5 Structure Attributes
			14.7.5.1 General
			14.7.5.2 Attribute Classes
			14.7.5.3 Attribute Revision Numbers
			14.7.5.4 User Properties
		14.7.6 Example of Logical Structure
	14.8 Tagged PDF
		14.8.1 General
		14.8.2 Tagged PDF and Page Content
			14.8.2.1 General
			14.8.2.2 Real Content and Artifacts
				14.8.2.2.1 General
				14.8.2.2.2 Specification of Artifacts
				14.8.2.2.3 Incidental Artifacts
			14.8.2.3 Page Content Order
				14.8.2.3.1 General
				14.8.2.3.2 Sequencing of Annotations
				14.8.2.3.3 Reverse-Order Show Strings
			14.8.2.4 Extraction of Character Properties
				14.8.2.4.1 General
				14.8.2.4.2 Unicode Mapping in Tagged PDF
				14.8.2.4.3 Font Characteristics
			14.8.2.5 Identifying Word Breaks
		14.8.3 Basic Layout Model
		14.8.4 Standard Structure Types
			14.8.4.1 General
			14.8.4.2 Grouping Elements
			14.8.4.3 Block-Level Structure Elements
				14.8.4.3.1 General
				14.8.4.3.2 Paragraphlike Elements
				14.8.4.3.3 List Elements
				14.8.4.3.4 Table Elements
				14.8.4.3.5 Usage Guidelines for Block-Level Structure
			14.8.4.4 Inline-Level Structure Elements
				14.8.4.4.1 General
				14.8.4.4.2 Link Elements
				14.8.4.4.3 Annotation Elements
				14.8.4.4.4 Ruby and Warichu Elements
			14.8.4.5 Illustration Elements
		14.8.5 Standard Structure Attributes
			14.8.5.1 General
			14.8.5.2 Standard Attribute Owners
			14.8.5.3 Attribute Values and Inheritance
			14.8.5.4 Layout Attributes
				14.8.5.4.1 General
				14.8.5.4.2 General Layout Attributes
				14.8.5.4.3 Layout Attributes for BLSEs
				14.8.5.4.4 Layout Attributes for ILSEs
				14.8.5.4.5 Content and Allocation Rectangles
				14.8.5.4.6 Illustration Attributes
				14.8.5.4.7 Column Attributes
			14.8.5.5 List Attribute
			14.8.5.6 PrintField Attributes
			14.8.5.7 Table Attributes
	14.9 Accessibility Support
		14.9.1 General
		14.9.2 Natural Language Specification
			14.9.2.1 General
			14.9.2.2 Language Identifiers
			14.9.2.3 Language Specification Hierarchy
			14.9.2.4 Multi-language Text Arrays
		14.9.3 Alternate Descriptions
		14.9.4 Replacement Text
		14.9.5 Expansion of Abbreviations and Acronyms
	14.10 Web Capture
		14.10.1 General
		14.10.2 Web Capture Information Dictionary
		14.10.3 Content Database
			14.10.3.1 General
			14.10.3.2 URL Strings
			14.10.3.3 Digital Identifiers
			14.10.3.4 Unique Name Generation
		14.10.4 Content Sets
			14.10.4.1 General
			14.10.4.2 Page Sets
			14.10.4.3 Image Sets
		14.10.5 Source Information
			14.10.5.1 General
			14.10.5.2 URL Alias Dictionaries
			14.10.5.3 Command Dictionaries
			14.10.5.4 Command Settings
		14.10.6 Object Attributes Related to Web Capture
	14.11 Prepress Support
		14.11.1 General
		14.11.2 Page Boundaries
			14.11.2.1 General
			14.11.2.2 Display of Page Boundaries
		14.11.3 Printer’s Marks
		14.11.4 Separation Dictionaries
		14.11.5 Output Intents
		14.11.6 Trapping Support
			14.11.6.1 General
			14.11.6.2 Trap Network Annotations
			14.11.6.3 Trap Network Appearances
		14.11.7 Open Prepress Interface (OPI)
Annex A (informative) Operator Summary
	A.1 General
	A.2 PDF Content Stream Operators
Annex B (normative) Operators in Type 4 Functions
	B.1 General
	B.2 Arithmetic Operators
	B.3 Relational, Boolean, and Bitwise Operators
	B.4 Conditional Operators
	B.5 Stack Operators
Annex C (normative) Implementation Limits
	C.1 General
	C.2 Architectural limits
	C.3 Memory limits
Annex D (normative) Character Sets and Encodings
	D.1 General
	D.2 Latin Character Set and Encodings
	D.3 PDFDocEncoding Character Set
	D.4 Expert Set and MacExpertEncoding
	D.5 Symbol Set and Encoding
	D.6 ZapfDingbats Set and Encoding
Annex E (normative) PDF Name Registry
	E.1 General
	E.2 Name Registry
Annex F (normative) Linearized PDF
	F.1 General
	F.2 Background and Assumptions
	F.3 Linearized PDF Document Structure
		F.3.1 General
		F.3.2 Header (Part 1)
		F.3.3 Linearization Parameter Dictionary (Part 2)
		F.3.4 First-Page Cross-Reference Table and Trailer (Part 3)
		F.3.5 Document Catalogue and Document-Level Objects (Part 4)
		F.3.6 Hint Streams (Parts 5 and 10)
		F.3.7 First-Page Section (Part 6)
		F.3.8 Remaining Pages (Part 7)
		F.3.9 Shared Objects (Part 8)
		F.3.10 Other Objects (Part 9)
		F.3.11 Main Cross-Reference and Trailer (Part 11)
	F.4 Hint Tables
		F.4.1 Page Offset Hint Table
		F.4.2 Shared Object Hint Table
		F.4.3 Thumbnail Hint Table
		F.4.4 Generic Hint Tables
		F.4.5 Extended Generic Hint Tables
		F.4.6 Embedded File Stream Hint Tables
Annex G (informative) Linearized PDF Access Strategies
	G.1 General
	G.2 Opening at the First Page
	G.3 Opening at an Arbitrary Page
	G.4 Going to Another Page of an Open Document
	G.5 Drawing a Page Incrementally
	G.6 Following an Article Thread
	G.7 Accessing an Updated File
Annex H (informative) Example PDF Files
	H.1 General
	H.2 Minimal PDF File
	H.3 Simple Text String Example
	H.4 Simple Graphics Example
	H.5 Page Tree Example
	H.6 Outline Hierarchy Example
	H.7 Updating Example
		H.7.1 Stage 1: Add Four Text Annotations
		H.7.2 Stage 2: Modify Text of One Annotation
		H.7.3 Stage 3: Delete Two Annotations
		H.7.4 Stage 4: Add Three Annotations
	H.8 Structured Elements That Describe Hierarchical Lists
		H.8.1 Table of Contents
		H.8.2 Nested Lists
Annex I (normative) PDF Versions and Compatibility
	I.1 General
	I.2 PDF Version Numbers
	I.3 Feature Compatibility
Annex J (informative) FDF Rename Flag Implementation Example
	J.1 General
	J.2 Implementation Example
Annex K (informative) PostScript Compatibility — Transparent Imaging Model
	K.1 General
	K.2 Conversion
Annex L (informative) Colour Plates
	L.1 Colour Plates
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