Patterns of Opposition in the European Parliament: Opposing Europe from the Inside?

Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 EU-opposition in the European Parliament: An Introduction
	1.1 Euroscepticism, Origin and Limits of a Contested Concept: Studying EU-opposition in the EP
	1.2 The European Crises and the Consolidation of a Political “Phenomenon”
	1.3 Studying EU-opposition in the EP: How-To
	1.4 Why Studying EU-opposition in the EP?
	1.5 The Structure of the Book
	References
2 Opposing the EU in the EP at the Time of Populism
	2.1 Euroscepticism:  The Origin of a Contested Concept
	2.2 A Critical Literature Review of Euroscepticism
		2.2.1 Euroscepticism as a Problematic Concept
	2.3 Political Opposition as an Alternative to Euroscepticism
		2.3.1 Political Opposition: A Brief Literature Review
	2.4 Defining EU-Opposition
	2.5 Strategy Vs. Ideology. Explaining Euroscepticism: The State of the Art
	2.6 Endogenous Factors Shaping EU-Opposition: Ideology
	2.7 Exogenous Factors Shaping EU-Opposition: Institutions
	2.8 Exogenous Factors Shaping EU-Opposition: Events as POS
	2.9 Patterns of Parties’ Positioning in the EP: How To
		2.9.1 Heterogeneous but Equated by Their EU-Opposition: The Selected National Parties
		2.9.2 How to “Measure” EU-Opposition: The Dependent Variable
			2.9.2.1 The Row Material: MEPs Speeches to the Fore
			2.9.2.2 Deductive Content Analysis, Index of EU-Opposition and Inductive Coding of Speeches
		2.9.3 Why Is There EU-Opposition? POS as Independent Variables
	2.10 Conclusion: EU-Opposition, Its Conceptualization and Its Explanation
	References
3 Patterns of Party Positioning: Quantity and Quality
	3.1 Patterns of Parties’ Positioning:  The Overall Picture from a Quantitative Perspective
	3.2 Patterns of Parties’ Positioning: A Policy Issue Perspective
	3.3 Justifying Patterns of EU-Opposition
		3.3.1 Justifying EU-Opposition in the EP: The EU-Policy Target
		3.3.2 Justifying EU-Opposition in the EP: The EU-Elite Target
		3.3.3 Justifying EU-Opposition in the EP: The EU-Regime Target
		3.3.4 Justifying EU-Opposition in the EP: The EU-Community Target
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 What Drives EU-Opposition in the EP?
	4.1 Data and Method Used in the Analysis
	4.2 Results of the Analysis
		4.2.1 Opposition to the EU-Policies Explained
		4.2.2 Opposition to the EU-Elite Explained
		4.2.3 Opposition to the EU-Regime Explained
		4.2.4 Opposition to the EU-Community Explained
	4.3 Discussion and Conclusion
	Reference
5 Landscapes of EU-opposition
	5.1 Understanding Patterns of EU-opposition and Their Determinants
	5.2 Conclusion
	References
6 Conclusions: EU-Opposition in the 2019 EP, What’s Next?
	6.1 A Fine-Grained Assessment of Parties’ EU-Opposition
	6.2 The Post-2019 EP Election’s Picture: What’s Next?
	References
Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
B.1 Data-Collection Criteria
B.2 Coding Instructions
B.3 Codebook
B.3.1 EU-POLICIES
B.3.2 EU-ELITE
B.3.3 EU-REGIME
B.3.3.1 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
B.3.3.2 EUROPEAN COMMISSION
B.3.3.3 COUNCIL
B.3.3.4 OTHER INSTITUTIONS
B.3.4 EU-COMMUNITY
B.3.5 NO-MATCH
B.4 Assessing Reliability and Validity of the Deductive Coding Procedure
B.5 Formulation of the Index of EU-Opposition: Further Examples
Appendix C
C.1 Structure of the Inductive Coding Procedure
C.2 Validity and Reliability of the Inductive Coding Procedure
C.3 Word-Clouds
References
Index