Pattern Recognition: 13th Mexican Conference, MCPR 2021, Mexico City, Mexico, June 23–26, 2021, Proceedings (Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, and Graphics)

Preface
Organization
Contents
Artificial Intelligence Techniques and Recognition
A Straightforward Framework for Video Retrieval Using CLIP
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
	3 Experiment and Results
		3.1 CLIP as Video Representation
		3.2 Datasets
		3.3 Metrics
		3.4 Exploratory Experiments
		3.5 Confirmatory Experiments
		3.6 Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Inferential Rules for Identifying Answers in TOEFL Texts
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminary Concept
		2.1 Semantic Relationships
		2.2 Modeling Rules
	3 Related Work
	4 Methodology
	5 Inference Route from Cognitive Patterns
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Automatic Detection of Injection Attacks by Machine Learning in NoSQL Databases
	1 Introduction
	2 Material
	3 Method
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Automatic Recognition of Learning-Centered Emotions
	1 Introduction
	2 Stated of the Art
		2.1 Databases of Physiological and Behavioral Signals of LCE
		2.2 Automatic Recognition of Learning-Centered Emotions
	3 Data Capture for the Automatic Identification of Learning-Centered Emotions
		3.1 Video Preprocessing
		3.2 Feature Extraction
	4 Automatic Recognition of Learning-Centered Emotions with Machine Learning Algorithms
	5 Results Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Pattern Recognition Techniques
Unsupervised Feature Selection Methodology for Analysis of Bacterial Taxonomy Profiles
	1 Introduction
	2 Raking-Based Unsupervised Feature Selection Methods
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 Analysis of Bacterial Taxonomy Profiles
		4.1 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
A Comparative Study of Two Algorithms for Computing the Shortest Reducts: MiLIT and MinReduct
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Pruning Properties Used by the Algorithms Under Study
	3 MiLIT and MinReduct Algorithms
		3.1 NC-MiLIT
		3.2 PFRC-MiLIT
		3.3 MinReduct
	4 Experimental Comparison
		4.1 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Extremal Topologies for the Merrifield-Simmons Index on Dynamic Trees
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
	3 Counting Independent Sets
		3.1 Computing Independent Sets on Trees
		3.2 The Case for Adding a Pendant Vertex
	4 Examples
	5 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Comparison of Oversampling Methods for Mixed Datasets
	1 Introduction
	2 Oversampling Methods for Mixed Data
	3 Experimental Setup
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Shortening the Candidate List for Similarity Searching Using Inverted Index
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Work
		2.1 Permutation-Based Algorithm
	3 Proposal
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Synthetic Databases
		4.2 NASA Images
		4.3 Colors
	5 Discussion and Future Work
	References
Neural Networks and Deep Learning
Neuroevolution for Sentiment Analysis in Tweets Written in Mexican Spanish
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Approach
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Parameter Settings for NEAT
	4 Experiments and Results
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Neovascularization Detection on Optic Disc Region Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Database Generation and Analysis
		2.1 Database
		2.2 Preprocessing of Datasets
	3 Deep Learning Approach
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Metric Localisation for the NAO Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Description of the Dataset
	5 Training
	6 ORB-SLAM RGBD
	7 Experiments and Results
	8 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Multi-source Transfer Learning for Deep Reinforcement Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Background
		3.1 Deep Reinforcement Learning
		3.2 Transfer Learning
	4 Multi-source Transfer Learning
		4.1 Source Task Selection
		4.2 Relevant Convolutional Kernels Selection
		4.3 Transfer Learning Stage
	5 Experimental Results
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Efficient Training of Deep Learning Models Through Improved Adaptive Sampling
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Adaptive Sampling for Deep Learning
		3.1 Computational Cost
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Graph Representation for Learning the Traveling Salesman Problem
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methods
		3.1 Problem Definition
		3.2 Model
		3.3 Input Graphs
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Experimental Details
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Satellite Imagery Classification Using Shallow and Deep Learning Approaches
	1 Introduction
	2 Dataset
	3 Feature Extraction
		3.1 Feature Selection (FS)
	4 Imagery Classification
		4.1 Shallow Learning Approach
		4.2 Deep Learning Approach
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Skeletal Age Estimation from Hand Radiographs Using Ensemble Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Transfer Learning
	3 Ensemble Learning
	4 Methods and Techniques
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Evaluation Protocols
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Computer Vision
Quantifying Visual Similarity for Artistic Styles
	1 Introduction
	2 Base Methods
		2.1 GIST
		2.2 Convolutional Autoencoders
	3 Our Methodology
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Methodology
		3.3 GIST
		3.4 CAE
	4 Results
		4.1 GIST
		4.2 CAE
	5 Conclusions
	References
Automatic Classification of Zingiberales from RGB Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
	3 Methods
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Classification of Rail Welding Defects Based on the Bag of Visual Words Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Feature Extraction
		2.2 Bag of Visual Words
		2.3 Feature Classification
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 Feature Extraction
		3.3 Defect Classification
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fast Background Subtraction and Graph Cut for Thermal Pedestrian Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Candidate Generation Using Fast Background Subtraction
		3.2 Candidate Validation Using Graph Cut
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Image Processing and Analysis
Development of a Method for Identifying People by Processing Digital Images from Handprint
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Method
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Method
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Finding the Optimal Bit-Quad Patterns for Computing the Euler Number of 2D Binary Images Using Simulated Annealing
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Approach
		2.1 Optimization Problem
		2.2 Finding the Optimal Bit-Quad Patterns Using SA
		2.3 Experimental Setup
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Perceptual and Pixel-Wise Information for Visual Novelty Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Novelty Detection Method
		3.1 Architecture
		3.2 Loss Function
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Datasets
		4.2 Autoencoder
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Multi-core Median Redescending M-Estimator for Impulsive Denoising in Color Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Median Redescending M-Estimator
	3 Proposed Denoising Scheme
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Metrics
		4.2 Runtime Versus Image Size
		4.3 Quantitative Noise Suppression Evaluation
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A Comparative Study of 3D Plant Modeling Systems Based on Low-Cost 2D LiDAR and Kinect
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 LiDAR Modeling
		3.2 Kinect Modeling
	4 Results
		4.1 3D Modeling Comparison
	5 Conclusions
	References
Evaluation of Denoising Algorithms for Source Camera Linking
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 SPN Estimation for SCI and SCL Tasks
		2.2 Denoising Algorithms and SPN Enhancer
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Parameter Selection for Denoising Algorithm
		3.2 Evaluation in Image Clustering by Source Camera
	4 Conclusions
	References
Texture Based Supervised Learning for Crater-Like Structures Recognition Using ALOS/PALSAR Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Analysis
		3.1 Testing on Impact Craters and Circular Geoforms in the Western Desert in Egypt
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Medical Applications of Pattern Recognition
A Comparison Study of EEG Signals Classifiers for Inter-subject Generalization
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals of Motor Imagery
		2.1 Feature Extraction
		2.2 Classification
	3 Methods
		3.1 Experiments
		3.2 Fitting the Classifiers
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Experiment 1: Intra-subject Classification
		4.2 Experiment 2: Inter-subject Classification
	5 Conclusion
	References
COVID-19 Related Pneumonia Detection in Lung Ultrasound
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Materials
		2.1 Database
		2.2 Pleural Processing
		2.3 Pleural Continuity
		2.4 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for Ultrasound Feature Extraction
		2.5 Statistical Analysis and Classification
	3 Results
	4 Discussion of Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Breastfeeding and Caries. A Relationship Analysis to Develop a Computer-Assisted Diagnosis Using Random Forest
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Description
		2.2 Data Preprocessing
		2.3 Classification
		2.4 Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Lung-Nodule Segmentation Using a Convolutional Neural Network with the U-Net Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Convolutional Neural Networks
		3.1 U-Net Architecture
		3.2 U-Net for Nodule Segmentation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Multi-target Attachment for Surgical Instrument Tracking
	1 Introduction
	2 Multi-target Device
		2.1 Physical Device
		2.2 ArUco Markers
	3 Stages of the Pose Estimation of Multi-target Attachment Using ArUco Markers
		3.1 Image Acquisition, Marker Detection and Individual Marker Pose Estimation
		3.2 Marker Filtering and Multi-target Pose Estimation
	4 Experiments and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
W–net: A Convolutional Neural Network for Retinal Vessel Segmentation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Related Work
	2 The V–net and W–net Models
		2.1 The V–net Model
		2.2 W–net
	3 Methodology and Implementation Details
		3.1 Pre-processing
		3.2 First V–net
		3.3 Second V–net
		3.4 Thresholding Process
		3.5 The Fast V–net Implementation
	4 Experiments and Material
		4.1 Material
		4.2 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
		5.1 Conclusions
	References
Novel Features for Glaucoma Detection in Fundus Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Dataset Description
		2.2 Preprocessing
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Author Index