Pass the MRCP (SCE) Neurology Revision Guide (MasterPass)

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Preface
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Contributors
Chapter 1 Cerebrovascular Diseases
	1. ATHEROSCLEROTIC CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES: STROKE
		Figure 1.1 Schematic representation of TIA and stroke.
		Table 1.1 Difference between Two Types of Watershed Infarctions
		2. Locked-in A clinical presentation of:syndrome
		3. Abulia
		Table 1.2 Cause of Stroke in Autoimmune Diseases
	2. INFLAMMATORY, NON-ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES
		1. HSP/IgA
		2. ABRA
		3. CAA
		4. Temporal
		5. Takayasu
	3. NON-INFLAMMATORY NON-ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES
		1. Sneddon’s
		2. Moyamoya
		3. FMD
		4. HHT
		5. Homocystinuria
		6. Fabry disease
	4. MISCELLANEOUS CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
	5. THROMBOLYSIS IN STROKE
		BOX 1.1 RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS
		Contraindications: Absolute Contraindications for Thrombolysis in Stroke
		Complication: Angioedema during Thrombolysis
	6. SPECIFIC NEUROIMAGING SIGNS IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
	7. NICE GUIDELINES IN STROKE
		TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)
			Carotid
			Figure 1.8 Carotid artery stenosis grade.
			STROKE
			Mechanical
			Secondary prevention
			STATINS
			ICU management
				ICU management: Surgery in ICH is indicated if neuroimaging shows hydrocephalus**
				ICU management: Decompressive surgery in ischemic stroke if
				ICU management: Nutrition
			Nutrition
			Early mobilization
		STROKE
	8. RISK STRATIFICATION SCORES IN STROKE
Chapter 2 Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders
	1. ILAE DEFINITION OF EPILEPSY
	2. IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY (IGE)
	3. TRAVEL REGULATIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY
	4. AUTOIMMUNE CAUSES OF EPILEPSY
	5. PEDIATRIC SEIZURES
	6. PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY SYNDROMES
		1. GAMT deficiency:
		3. West syndrome
		4. LKS
		5. Myoclonic–atonic
		6. JME
		7. Rasmussen’s
		8. Sunflower
		9. Jeavons syndrome
		10. Gray matter
		11. CAE
		12. GRIIN 2a
		13. CHRN a2
		14. SLC2a1
		2. Dravet SMEI:
	7. NON-EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES
	8. MESS TRIAL—RECURRENCE
	9. LOCALIZATION-RELATED EPILEPSY (LRE)
	10. SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS IN EPILEPSY
	11. DRUG TREATMENT OF EPILSEPSY
	12. STIMULATION TREATMENT FOR EPILEPSY
	13. SPECIFIC SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS (AEDs)
	14. SEIZURES AND PSYCHIATRY
	15. SYMPTOMATIC OR PROVOKED SEIZURES
	16. RISK OF PSYCHOSIS IN EPILEPSY IF
	17. RISK OF SUDEP (SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED DEATH IN EPILEPSY) IF
	18. UK ECLAMPSIA TRIAL DEFINITIONS
	19. SPECIFIC OR DIAGNOSTIC EEG AND MRI FINDINGS IN EPILEPSY
		1. LGS
		3. Anti-NMDA-
		4. Anti-LG1-
		5. Anti-DPPX
		6. GFAP disease
	20. WWE (WOMEN WITH EPILEPSY)
Chapter 3 Disorders of Cranial Nerves and Visual System
	Abbreviations
	1. DISORDERS OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM CRANIAL NERVES
	2. DISORDERS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE
		1.TN
		2. TTS
	3. DISORDERS OF THE FACIAL NERVE
		1. Bell’s palsy
		2. Ramsay Hunt
		3. Melkersson–
	4. DISORDERS OF THE LOWER CRANIAL NERVES
		1. Numb chin syndrome
		2. Tapia syndrome
		3. Radiation neuropathy
	5. NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
		Anisocoria
		Figure 3.4 Approach to anisocoria.
		Horner\'s Syndrome
			Causes of different types of Horner’s syndrome
			Figure 3.5 Diagrammatic representation of causes of Horner’s syndrome.
	6. SPECIFIC SYNDROMES IN NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
		1. ARP
		2. INO
		3. One-and-a-half
		4. Eight-and-a-half
		5. WEBINO
		6. III nerve lesions
		7. Superior Oblique
		8. Horizontal diplopia
	7. INFECTIOUS DISEASES INVOLVING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND EYE
		1. HsCJD
		2. THS
	8. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES INVOLVING THE EYE
		1. ON
		2. CRION
		3. Graves’
		4. NA-ION
	9. CONGENITAL DISORDERS INVOLVING THE EYE
		1. CPEO
		2. LHON
		3. Harding’s syndrome
	10. ION—ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY
Chapter 4 Disorders of Peripheral Nerves, Motor Neuron and Muscle—Part 1: Disorders of Peripheral Nerve and Motor Neuron
	Abbreviations
	1. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
		Table 4.1 Differential Diagnosis of Neuropathy Based on Involvement (Continued)
		Anti-MAG Antibody Neuropathy
		CANOMAD
		Wartenberg Migratory Sensory Neuritis
		CMT (Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease)
			Classification of CMT
			Figure 4.1 Genetic abnormalities in different types of CMT/ HSMN.
			HNPP
			How to Say Whether There Is a Possibility of an Inherited Neuropathy or an AcquiredDisease?
		MMN-CB
	2. MOTOR SYSTEM DISORDERS
		MND
			Table 4.4 Difference between MND and MMN-CB
			BOX 4.3 IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT MND FOR EXAM
		SBMA (Kennedy Disease)
		SMA (Spinal Muscular Atrophy)
			Table 4.5 Types of SMA
	3. AUTONOMIC SYSTEM NEUROPATHIES
		AAG (Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy)
		PAF (Pure Autonomic Failure)
		POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia + Joint Hypermobility Syndrome)
		Transthyretin Neuropathy
	4. OTHER COMMON CLINICAL NEUROPATHIES
		Diabetes Neuropathies: Types
			BOX 4.5 PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES NEUROPATHIES
			BOX 4.6 DM AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
			BOX 4.7 DM AMYOTROPHY/PLEXOPATHY
		Inflammatory Radiculoneuropathies (AIDP/CIDP)
			BOX 4.8 SIDS-GBS
			BOX 4.9 PROBABILITY OF MOBILITY IN GBS
			Figure 4.2 Variants of GBS/AIDP described in literature.
		Concept of Nodo-Paranodopathies
			BOX 4.10 EXAMPLE OF A CASE SCENARIO OFNODO-PARANODOPATHY WOULD BE
		Infectious Poly-Radiculitis
			BOX 4.11 AN EXAMPLE OF A CASE SCENARIO OF INFECTIOUSPOLYRADICULITIS WILL BE
		Vasculitis and Vasculitis Neuropathy
			a. PAN
			b. ANCA vasculitis
			d. Cryoglobulinemia
		Toxic Peripheral Neuropathies
			Table 4.8 Common Toxin-Related Neuropathies
		Monoclonal Gammopathy
			BOX 4.12 EXAMPLE OF A MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHYASSOCIATEDNEUROPATHY
	5. UPPER LIMB NEUROPATHIES
		Neuralgic Amyotrophy
		Hirayama Monomelic Amyotrophy
		Nerveroot
		How to Differentiate Ulnar Neuropathy v/s C8 Neuropathy
		Other Specific Entrapment or Compression Syndromes
	6. PELVIC AND LOWER LIMB NEUROPATHIES
		Diabetic Lumbosacral Amyotrophy
		Femoral Neuropathy
		Figure 4.3 Schematic representation of clinical features of lower limb neuropathies.
		Obturator Neuropathy
		Specific Nerve Involvement in Lower Limb
		How to differentiate between Sciatica + S1 Radiculopathy
		How to differentiate between Peroneal neuropathy + L5 Radiculopathy
		Localization of Foot Drop
Chapter 5 Disorders of Peripheral Nerves, Motor Neuron and Muscle—Part 2: Muscle Diseases
	Abbreviations
	1. IDENTIFYING FEATURES OF COMMONLY ASKED MUSCLE DISEASESIN EXAM
	2. DISTAL MYOPATHIES
	3. MUSCLE DYSTROPHIES IDENTIFYING FEATURES
	4. METABOLIC MYOPATHIES
	5. MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES
	6. MYOPATHIES WITH EARLY RESPIRATORY WEAKNESS
	7. CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES
	8. PERIODIC PARALYSIS (PP) AND CHANNELOPATHIES
	9. NON-DYSTROPHIC MYOTONIA
	10. FOURNIER PATTERNS: (SET/LET)
	Figure 5.3 Clinical and electrophysiological triads of LEMS.
	11. LAMBERT–EATON MYASTHENIA SYNDROME (LEMS)
		Diagnosis
	12. MYASTHENIA GRAVIS-LEMS OVERLAP
Chapter 6 Disorders of the Spinal Cord
	Abbreviations
	1. SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES
	2. CERVICAL SPINAL CORD INJURY
	3. SPECIFIC SPINAL CORD DISEASES
	4. CAUDA AND CONUS SYNDROMES
	5. ASIA SCALE LEVELS
Chapter 7 Neuro-Genetics
	Abbreviations
	1. INHERITED AND CONGENITAL DISEASES
	2. TRINUCLEOTIDE/NUCLEOTIDE EXPANSION DISEASES
		CAG repeats
		GAA repeats
		CTG repeats
		CGG repeats
		GCN repeats
		Untitled
	3. IMPORTANT GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN EPILEPSY
	4. PARKINSON\'S DISEASE GENETICS
	5. GENETICS IN OTHER DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
	6. MISCELLANEOUS GENES IMPORTANT IN NEUROLOGY
Chapter 8 Neuro-Endocrinology and Neuro-Toxicology
	Abbreviations
	1. NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
		Figure 8.1 MRI brain T2/FLAIR in a patient of Wernicke Encephalopathy:Showing hyperintensities around the III ventricle in mid-brain and inbilateral thalamus
		2. MIE
		3. Celiac disease
		4. Copper deficiency
	2. STORAGE DISEASES
		1. NP-C
		2. Gaucher disease
		3. KRS
	3. ENDOCRINOLOGICAL DISORDERS AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
		1. TPP
		2. Myxedema
		3. Addison
		4. AIP/PRES
	4. TOXIC DISEASES
		1. Lead toxicity
		2. Ciguatera toxin
		3. TCA drugs
		4. SS
		5. OP
		6. Platinum compounds
		7. Vitamin B6 toxicity
		8. Methanol toxicity
		Putaminal necrosis: Seen in
	5. NEURO-OTOLOGY
		5. Anterior/superior
		6. Horizontal/Lateral
		7. PST/TT
		8. VP
		9. MdDS
		10. PLF
		11. Mèniére’s disease
		12. Sudden-onset giddiness, ataxia and vertigo
	6. STATISTICS: SOME IMPORTANT FORMULAE
		Figure 8.3
		Figure 8.4 Calculation of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV.
	7. ETHICS
Chapter 9 Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases
	Abbreviations
	1. CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS AND AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS
		1. ADEM
		2. Anti-NMDA
		3. MFS
		4. BBE
		5. CLIPPERS
		6. SREAT
		7. PERM
		8. Anti-DPPX
	2. PARANEOPLASTIC ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROMES
		1. OMS
		2. Anti-Tr
		4. Anti-GABA-A
		5. Kelch-like protein
		6. Carcinomatous
		7. Anti-Hu antibody
	3. IMMUNE-MEDIATED NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
		2. MG
		3. ICI-MG
		4. LEMS
		5. Paraneoplastic
		6. Bing–Neel
	4. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
	5. LESIONS IN CNS DEMYELINATION DISORDERS
		Figure 9.1
Chapter 10 Neuroradiology and Neuropathology
	1.BASICS OF CT AND MRI
	2. CHIARI MALFORMATION
	3. NEUROIMAGING IN INFECTIONS
		Figure 10.3 Diagrammatic representation of MRI findings in CNS lymphoma.
		Figure 10.3 Diagrammatic representation of MRI findings in CNS lymphoma.
		Figure 10.4 Axial MRI (DWI, T2 and T1-contrast) showing left frontalabscess.
		Figure 10.6 Axial DWI MRI images showing cortical ribboning inCJD.
	4. NEUROIMAGING IN INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
		Figure 10.7 a,b: Empty sella; c,d,e: Thickened, enhancing optic nerve and flattened posteriorglobe; f: Transverse-sigmoid sinus stenosis.
		Figure 10.8 Axial MRI showing FLAIR hyperintensities inventral pons in a patient of CPM.
	5. NEUROIMAGING IN NEURODEGENERATION AND POISONINGS
		Figure 10.9 NCCT head, MRI-T2 and SWI images in a patientof FAHR syndrome.
		Differential Diagnosis/Causes of Basal Ganglia Calcification
			Figure 10.10 Sagittal MRI showing the A (midbrain) and B(pons) for calculation of A/B ratio.
		4. MLD
		Figure 10.11 Schematic representation of findings in A.Alexander disease, B. X-ALD and C. MLD.
		5. Manganese deposition
		6. CO poisoning
			Figure 10.12 Axial T2 and FLAIR MRI images showingbilateral pallidus involvement in CO poisoning.
		7. Marchiafava–Bignami
		8. Valproate (VPA)–
	6. NEUROIMAGING IN TUMOURS
		1. Pituitary tumours
		2. AT
		3. Colloid cyst
		4. CP angle tumours
	7. NEUROPATHOLOGY
		Neuro-fibrillary tangles
		3. FTD
		4. CBD
		5. DLBD
		6. MELAS
		7. Tomacula or
		8. Prions
Chapter 11 Cognitive Disorders and Dementia
	Abbreviations
	1. CLINICAL TESTS
	2. LOCALIZATIONS OF COMMON CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
		Left parietal lobe
		3. Non-dominant (Right
		4. Left anterior temporal
		5. Anterior thalamic
		6. Left thalamus
		7. Right Anterior nucleus
		8. Bilateral medial frontal
		9. Caudate infarct
	3. PPA: PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA
		Figure 11.1 MRI brain
		2. LvPPA
		3. Agrammatic PNFA
		4. PP-AOS
		Figure 11.3 Differentiating between different types of aphasia.
	4. CCAS: CEREBELLAR COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE SYNDROME
	5. ELDERLY DEGENERATIVE DEMENTIAS
		1. LBD/DLBD
		2. AD
			Figure 11.4 MRI coronal and PET imaging in
		3. PCA
			Figure 11.5 Sagittal and coronal MRI in a
		4. NPH
		5. CAA
	6. NPH: FEATURES OF DESH
	FTD
		bvFTD clinical features mnemonic: (A-B-C-D-E-F) and its localization
	7. EARLY-ONSET AD (<65 YEARS)
	8. AD PATHOLOGY ESSENTIAL POINTS
	9. AUTOIMMUNE DEMENTIAS
	10. CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (CTE)
	11. HIPPOCAMPAL SCLEROSIS MAY BE SEEN IN
	12. TREATMENT OF DEMENTIAS
		Figure 11.6 Drugs used in treatment of dementia.
		Figure 11.7 MRI findings in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tl-weighted images demonstrate prominenthippocampal and medial temporal lobe atrophy, moderate diffuse cortical atrophy and ventricularenlargement in an 81 year old with AD dementia, subsequently confirmed at autopsy. D(FLAIR)sequence demonstrates sub-cortical and periventricular white matter hyperintensities in a 78 yearold with a clinical diagnosis of AD, likely representing comorbid small vessel ischemic disease.E, Hallmarks of CAA, including scattered microbleeds and superficial siderosis, are revealed on(SWI) in a 75 year old with acute altered mental status superimposed on progressive memory andexecutive dysfunction. F, Confluent WM hyperintensities on FLAIR in a 75 year old with pathologyprovensevere cerebral amyloid angiopathy and AD neuropathology.
Chapter 12 Neurosurgery
	1. IMPORTANT EXAM POINTS FOR NEUROSURGERY AND CRITICAL CARE
	Prognosis of ambulation after SCI depends on
	2. COMPLICATIONS IN NEURO-CRITICAL CARE
Chapter 13 Pain and Headache
	Abbreviations
	1. HEADACHE
		2.Cortical SAH
		3. RCVS
			Figure 13.1 RCVS2 score for differentiating RCVS from other arteriopathies.
		4. Ciliary ganglio-
		5. SMART
		6. Pituitary apoplexy
		11. Menstrual
		12. Red ear syndrome
		13. MOH
	2. PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS
		Figure 13.4 Distinguishing features between various primary headache disorders.
	3. SECONDARY AND OTHER HEADACHE DISORDERS
		1. Epicrania fugax
		2. Glossopharyngeal
		3. GCA/temporal
		4. Fibromyalgia
		5. Primary exercise
		6. SIH
		7. CRPS 1,2
			Figure 13.2 Diagnostic criteria for CRPS.
			Figure 13.3 IgG4 disease: MRI brain showing pachymeningeal enhancement and biopsy showingstoriform pattern.
			Diagnostic criteria cut-offs
			Figure 13.4 Distinguishing features between various primary headache disorders.
	4. IMPORTANT CLINICAL POINTS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MIGRAINE AND OTHERHEADACHES
		Figure 13.4 Distinguishing features between various primary headache disorders.
		phases of migraine headache:
		Figure 13.5 Phases of a migraine headache attack.
		Migraine with AURA
		Important points about migraine medications
		Important points about migraine medications
		e. Migraine and women
		f. Childhood migraine
	5. NICE GUIDELINES: HEADACHE
		MIGRAINE
		5. CH (CLUSTER HEADACHE)
	6. TTH: NO OPIOIDS FOR TTH (TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE)
	7. MOH (MEDICATION OVERUSE HEADACHE)
Chapter 14 Movement Disorders
	Abbreviations
	1. CONGENITAL MDS: CHOREA SYNDROMES (CAUDATE ATROPHY)
		Figure 14.1 Peripheral blood film showing acanthocytes.
		2. HD
		3. Wilson
	2. CHOREA GRAVIDARUM
		BOX 14.1 CAUSES OF CHOREA GRAVIDARUM
	3. CONGENITAL MDS: NBIA (GLOBUS PALLIDUS AND THALAMUSINVOLVEMENT)
	4. IDIOPATHIC (LATE-ONSET) MOVEMENT DISORDERS WHICH MAY OR MAYNOT AFFECT COGNITION
Chapter 15 Neuro-Infections
	Abbreviations
	1. CREUTZFELDT–JAKOB DISEASE (CJD)
		Figure 15.1 Axial DWI MRI images showing cortical ribboning.
		Figure 15.2 Axial MRI FLAIR images showing pulvinar sign.
	2. BACTERIAL MENINGITIS AND ENCEPHALITIS
		MENINGITIS:
		3. Neisseria
		4. Listeria
		5. WD
	3. VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
		1. HSV
		2. NMDA
		3. KBS
		4. VZV
		5. SSPE
		6. Hepatitis-C
		7. HAD
		8. PML
		9. HIV-Myelopathy
		Figure 15.7 Estimating the risk of PML in a patient of HIV.
		BOX 15.1 RISK OF PML IN A PATIENT OF HIV ON NATALIZUMAB
		10. EEE
		11. WNV
		12. MVE
	4. PARASITIC INFECTIONS
		1. Toxoplasma
		2. NCC
	5. NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES AND MISCELLANEOUS
		1. GBS:
		2. GBS due to Zika
		3. Lyme disease
		4. Botulism
		5. LD
Index
	A
	B
	C