Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations

Contents......Page 14
List of Figures......Page 16
List of Tables......Page 17
Part I: Introduction......Page 18
1 On the Freezing of Party Systems......Page 20
Laws and Structures......Page 21
Constraints, Control, and Adaptation......Page 26
Part II: Persistence and Change......Page 34
2 Continuities, Changes, and the Vulnerability of Party......Page 36
What Parties Are and What Parties Do......Page 37
Left, Right, and Policy Competition......Page 41
Left, Right, and Voter Alignments......Page 44
A Crisis of Party?......Page 48
Catch-all Politics and Party Vulnerability......Page 50
Organizational Change and Electoral Change......Page 55
Organizational Change: a Research Agenda......Page 58
3 The Problem of Party System Change......Page 62
Party Change versus Party System Change......Page 66
Party System Change......Page 68
Electoral Volatility and Cleavage Change......Page 71
How Much Electoral Change?......Page 83
The Electoral Bias......Page 87
Key Problems......Page 90
4 Myths of Electoral Change and the Survival of the 'Old' Parties......Page 93
Levels of Electoral Volatility......Page 96
The Survival of Traditional Parties......Page 99
What Sustains the Myths of Electoral Change?......Page 103
The Neglect of Party......Page 106
Part III: Party Organizations and Party Systems......Page 108
5 Party Organization, Party Democracy, and the Emergence of the Cartel Party (with Richard S. Katz)......Page 110
The Mass Party and the Catch-All Party......Page 111
Stages of Party Development......Page 113
Parties and the State......Page 122
The Emergence of the Cartel Party......Page 124
The Characteristics of the Cartel Party......Page 126
Democracy and the Cartel Party......Page 131
Challenges to the Cartel Party......Page 133
6 Popular Legitimacy and Public Privileges: Party......Page 137
New Perspectives on the Development of Party Organizations......Page 138
Party Democracies and the Problem of Party Decline......Page 141
Parties and the State......Page 154
Changing Parties......Page 161
Parties and Their Privileges......Page 169
Part IV: Party Systems and Structures of Competition......Page 172
7 Electoral Markets and Stable States......Page 174
Developments and Contrasts in Western Europe......Page 177
Electoral Markets and Consociational Democracy......Page 179
Small States and Large States......Page 181
Some Implications for the New East European Democracies......Page 188
8 What is Different about Post-Communist Party Systems?......Page 192
Newly Emerging Party Systems......Page 193
Post-Communist Democratization is Different......Page 195
The Electorate and the Parties are Different......Page 198
The Context of Competition is Different......Page 204
The Pattern of Competition is Different......Page 210
9 Party Systems and Structures of Competition......Page 216
Approaches to the Classification of Party Systems: a Review......Page 217
Party Systems and the Competition for Government......Page 223
Party Systems and Electoral Outcomes......Page 231
References......Page 242
C......Page 256
F......Page 257
L......Page 258
P......Page 259
U......Page 260
Z......Page 261