Partnerships for the Goals (Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals)

Partnerships for the Goals
Series Preface
Volume Preface
List of Topics
About the Editors
About the Section Editors
Contributors
A
	Academic-Business Partnerships for the SDGs: The Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
			Context of the Chapter
			Methodology
		The Fourth Industrial Revolution
			The History of 4IR
			Key Factors of 4IR with Relevance to the SDGs
			The Areas of Academic-Business Focus
		Academic-Business Partnerships
			Partnerships for Development
			Evolution of Partnerships
			Key Areas of Academic-Business Partnership
		Further Directions on 4IR for SDGs
			Key Messages for Building Academic-Business Partnerships
			Policy Recommendations
		Cross-References
		References
	Academic-to-Business Partnerships
	Accountability
	Accountability Frameworks for Partnership Toward Sustainability
		Definition
		Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Partnership for the Goals
			Multinational Accountability Framework
			National Accountability Framework
			Strengths and Weaknesses of the Accountability Framework
		Challenges and Opportunities for Accountability Frameworks
			Challenges to Accountability Frameworks
			Opportunities for the Accountability Frameworks
				Opportunities in Public Accountability Frameworks
				Opportunities in Corporate Accountability Frameworks
		Conclusions
		Disclaimer
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Adolescents
	Africa-EU Research Collaboration on Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Emergence of Sustainable Development Goals
		Food and Nutrition Security: Concepts and Recent Trends in Africa
			The Concepts of Food and Nutrition
		An Overview of Africa´s Agriculture
		The State of Food and Nutrition Security in Africa
		The Africa-EU Research Collaboration on Food Security
			Exploring the Roadmap Toward Africa-EU Partnership on Food Security
		The Emergence of Africa-EU Research Partnership on Food Security
		Africa-EU Research and Innovation Partnership on Food and Nutrition Security and Sustainable Agriculture: The Beginning
		The Manifestation of Africa-EU Research and Innovation Partnership on Food and Nutrition Security and Sustainable Agriculture
		Concluding Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Alliances
	Archaeology
	Attaining SDGs in Africa Through Bilateral and Multilateral Partnerships
		Definition
		Introduction
		Theoretical Frameworks
			Liberalism
			International Cooperation
		Basic Factors for Effective Partnerships
		Africa in the Beginning
		Inhibitors to Africa´s Development
		Africa and the Need to Partner
		Partnerships and Their Role in Africa´s Development
		Uses of Partnerships for Africa
		Sectorial Analysis of African Partnerships
		Africa´s Health Sector in Focus
		Beaming the Searchlight on Infrastructure in Africa
		Concluding Remarks
		Cross-References
		References
B
	Backbone Organization
	Belief System
	Binomial Technology and Sustainability: Four Elements of Nature and Key Geostrategic Sectors
		Definition
		Introduction
		Fire: ``It All Started with the Big Bang´´
		Water: ``From an Ocean of Plastics to a Sea of Opportunities´´
		Air: ``To Infinity and Beyond´´
		Earth: ``Food Is the New Oil. Land Is the New Gold´´
		Key Takeaways
		References
	Bio-based Economy
	Bioeconomics
	Biotechonomy
	BRICS Consortium: Toward Implementing Sustainable Development Goal 6
		Definition
		Introduction
		Method
		Overview of BRICS´s Emergence and Water Inclusion on Its Agenda
		Water Crisis, Sustainable Development Goals, and BRICS
		SDG 2: Zero Hunger
		SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
		SDG 13: Climate Action
		SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
		BRICS Countries´ Water Management and SDG 6
		BRICS Repositioning Focus on Water
			The National Development Bank (NDB)
			BRICS University Network
			The Water Forum
		Discussion and Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Bridging the Gender Gap to Realize Capacity Building: The role of SDG 5 for SDG 17
		Definition
		Introduction to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
		Sustainable Development Goal 5
			Overarching Goals and Key Indicators
			SDG 5 in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
		Sustainable Development Goal 17
		Significance of Gender Equality for Two Key Targets of SDG 17: (1) Capacity Building and (2) Systemic Issues
		Roadmap for Realizing SDG 5 to Address SDG 17 in SSA and SA
			Policies on SDG 5 Currently in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
			Needed Efforts for Realizing Policies on SDG 5
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Business as a Partner for the Global Goals
		Synonyms
		Definition
			Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships
		Introduction
		The Emerging and Increasing Role of Business in the Global Goals Agenda
			Spotlight on Business as a Key Contributor to the Global Goals
			Business as a Main Driver of the Sustainable and Inclusive Growth Agenda
		The Business Case for Partnering for the Global Goals
			Addressing Complexity and Multiple Stakeholders´ Needs Through Partnerships
			The SDG Investment Case
		Toward a Strategic Alignment of Business and Sustainable Development Goals
			Repurposing Business
			Creating Value Through Systems Thinking and Integrated Sustainability Approaches
			Unfinished Business: An urgent Call for Systems Transformation, Collaborative Action, and Responsible Leadership
		Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in Action
			Lessons Learnt
			Toward Transformative and Inclusive Partnerships
		Enablers and Accelerators of Business Partnerships for the Global Goals
			Facilitating Strategic Alignment
			Accelerating Learning, Building Capacity, and Advancing Partnerships for the SDGs
		Measuring and Driving Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships Effectiveness
			Long-Term Impact and Systems Transformation as Key Measures of Success
			Benchmarking, Accountability, and Integrated Reporting as key Drivers and Measures of Transformation
		Conclusive Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Business Education as a Partnership for Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		A Historical Introduction
		Business Schools in Partnership
		NGO Partnerships
		Responsible Business
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Business School
	Business Schools
C
	Catholic Church
	Change Scenarios for Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Change Scenarios: A Relatively New Approach
		Change Scenarios and the Sustainable Development Goals
			Eight Model Categories for Scenario Analysis
				Hybrid Models
				CGE Models
			Top-Down System Dynamics Models
				Bottom-Up Optimization/Partial Equilibrium Models
				Bottom-Up Simulation Models
				Macro-econometric Models
				Input-Output Models
				Bottom-Up Multi-Agent Models
		Change Scenarios and Fields of Research
		The IPCC Scenario Framework
		Concluding Remarks
		Cross-References
		References
	Children
	China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Sustainable Development in Pakistan
		Definition
		Introduction
		Economic Corridors
		Characteristics of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
		Major Challenges
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Civil Partnership and Social Protection
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
			Poverty and Vulnerability: Concepts and Measures
		Social Protection and the Sustainable Development Goals
		The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Social Protection
			Role of Civil Society in Development
				Advocacy
				Policy Change
				Service Delivery
		Key Messages and Concluding Remark
			Key Messages and Lessons
			Concluding Remark
		Cross-References
		References
	Civil Society Organization
	Climate Change Scenarios
	Climate Strategy Proactivity (CSP): A Stakeholder-Centric Concept
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Common Understanding of the Concepts
			Climate Strategy Proactivity (CSP)
			Stakeholders
			Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
		CSP, Stakeholders, and Complementary Noncompeting Relevant Theories
		CSP: A Stakeholder-Centric Concept
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Climate-Conflict (Subtype)
	Co-creation Governance
	Co-creation of Services
	Collaboration
	Collaborations
	Collaborative
	Collaborative Economy
	Collaborative Governance
	Collaborative Governance: Opening the Doors of Decision-Making
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Diffusion of the Concept and Practice of Collaborative Governance
			Collaborative Governance and Environmental Policy
		The Constitutive Elements of Collaborative Governance
			Heterogeneity
			Participation
			Collaboration
			Commonality of Interests
			Planning
		The Benefits and Challenges of Collaborative Governance
			Benefits
				Direct Engagement
				Co-creation of Knowledge and Solutions
				Empowerment
				Limitation of Antagonism
			Challenges
				Symbolic Participation
				Coordination Problems
				Representativeness
				Unequal Power and Influence
				Lack of Commitment
		Concluding Remarks
		Cross-References
		References
	Collaborative Government
	Collaborative Methodologies for Creative Processes in the SDGs Framework
		Definition
		Introduction
		Collaboration as a Key Factor for the Achievement of SDGs
		Creative Process and Co-creation
		Disciplinary Work in Group Projects
		Co-creation Methodologies
		How to Apply Co-creation Methodologies in a Real Experience?
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Collective Impact
	Collective Impact Partnership and Backbone Organizations as Enablers of Children´s Well-Being
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Data Collation Process for the Referenced Scientific Literature
		Collective Impact Partnerships Contribute to Children´s Well-Being
			General Characteristics
			International Partnerships and their Their Backbone Structures: Two Case Studies
			Multiregional and Local Partnerships and their Their Backbone Structures: Case Examples from Three Thematic CI Areas
			The Structures of Backbone Organizations in the Multiregional and Local CI Initiatives
		The Role of Collective Impact Initiatives in Systemic Society
		Conclusions: Partnership Is Crucial for CI Initiatives
		Cross-References
		References
	Co-management Regime
	Commodifying Biodiversity: Socioeconomic Approaches to Wildlife Human Coexistence
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biodiversity Conservation: Maximizing ROI Through Diverse Portfolios
			Inclusive Conservation Networks: Reduce, Prevent, and Recover
			A Paradigm Shift: Diversifying ``Active´´ Conservation Strategies
		Wildlife Corridors: Connecting Transnational Landscapes
			Mitigating Conflict: Towards Wildlife Human Coexistence
			A Case for Corridor Connectivity
		Ecosystem Services: Commodification for Nature
			The Green Economy of Ecology
			Ecological Systems: Reciprocal Value Exchange
			Wetlands in Climate Change
			Wetland Degradation
		Measuring for Direct Impact
			Tracking Sustainability for CSR
			The Role of the Firm: Impact Reporting
		Collaborative Economies: Putting It All Together
			Restoring Habitats and Rewilding Landscapes
			Environmental Activism and Grassroot Mobilization
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Common Agenda
	Common Property Resources
	Common-Pool Resources
	Community Partnerships for Disaster Risk Management
		Definition
		Introduction
		Disaster Risk Reduction and Community-Based Disaster Risk Management
		Participation as a Dimension to Catalyze Decision-Making
		Participatory Use of ICT Technologies: How to Create Informational Feedback Loops
			Participatory ICTs to Valorize Indigenous Knowledge in DRM
			Participatory Mapping
			OpenStreetMap
		Conclusions
		References
	Comprehensive
	Cooperation
	Cooperative Economy
	Cooperative Governance
	Corporate Responsibility: Law Interactions
		Definition
		Introduction
		Conceptions of Corporate Responsibility
			Economic Perspective
			Legal Perspective
			Ethical and Political Perspectives
			Strategic and Stakeholder Perspectives
		Country Illustrations of Responsibility: Law Interactions
			The US Market-Oriented Approach
			The PRC Hard Law Approach
			The Nordic CSR Public Policy Approach
			The Indian Companies Act 2013 Approach
			Corporate Social Reporting Requirements and Guidelines
		Implications
		Cross-References
		References
	Corporate Shared Value for the Wellbeing of Local Community
		Definition
		Introduction
			Corporate Social Responsibility
		Community Development
			Corporate Shared Values
		Creating Shared Values : A Community Project
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Counter-narratives
	Credit
	Critical Intercultural Citizenship
	Cross-Border Region
	Cross-Sector Partnerships: Role Toward Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals
		Introduction
		UN´s Sustainable Development Goals
		Cross-Sector Partnerships
		Effectiveness
		Factors and Practices Leading to Successful Cross-Sector Partnerships
		Recommendations
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Cross-Societal Relationships
	Cultural Diffusion
	Cultural Ecology: Paradigm for a Sustainable Man-Nature Relationship
		Definition
		Background
			Key Issues
			Environmental Crisis and Change of Paradigm
		Ecological Theories and Cultural Ecology
			Human-Environment Interactions
			Ecologism and Environmentalism
			Environment and Landscape
		Cultural Ecology and Contemporary Debate
			Sustainable Development and Cultural Ecology
			Human-Environment Resilience
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Cultural Heritage Conservation and Protection: Underrepresented Roles Within Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Role of Cultural Heritage in the Successful Application of SDG 17
		A Case Example - Israeli and Palestinian Archaeological Heritage: Partnerships and Oppositional Knowledge
		Salvage Excavations: The Role of Archaeology in Consuming Cultural Heritage Space
		Israeli and Palestinian Cultural Heritage Tourism: A Case Study of a Unsustainable Non-partnerships
		Future Direction for Cultural Heritage Partnerships
		Cross-References
		References
	Cultural Remittances
	Curricula
	Cycle Transport Partnerships for Attaining Sustainable Development Goals
		Definition
		Introduction
		Transport Cycling and the Sustainable Development Goals
		Scope and Problems
		Cycle Transport Interventions and Partnership Working
			Physical Infrastructure
			Vehicular Initiatives (e-Bikes, Cargo Bikes, and Similar)
			Cycling as a Service
				Speculative Schemes: A Problem for Sustainability
		Events, Public Engagement and Advocacy Partnerships
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
D
	Data, Monitoring, and Accountability
	Decision-Making
	Developing Partnerships Across Global Supply Chains
		Definition
		Managing Supplier Sustainably Across Global Supply Chains
			Sustainable Procurement: A Possible Success Factor
			The Impact of SDG 17 on Global Supply Chains
			An Industry Partnership Model for Global Supply Chains
		Partnership Models in Practice: Three Different Industries: Three Different Challenges
			The ``Chemical Industry Case´´
			The ``Automotive Case´´
			The ``Agricultural Case´´
		Conclusion: How Partnerships across Global Supply Chains Address SDG 17
		Cross-References
		References
	Development Aid
	Development Assistance
	Development Cannibalism and the Sustainable Development Goals
		Definition
		Introduction
		Causes of Development Cannibalism
		Effects of Development Cannibalism
		How to Curb Development Cannibalism
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Disaster Governance
	Disaster Management
	Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience Through Partnership and Collaboration
		Definition
		Introduction
		Hyogo and Sendai Framework on DRRR
		South China Sea Tsunami Workshops
		USM International Collaboration and Partnership
			Disaster Research Nexus (DRN)
			Centre for Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS)
		Hazard Advice and Services for DRRR
			School Hazard Awareness and Education
			Public Hazard Awareness and Education
			Tsunami Risk Management in Malaysia
		Sustainable Development Solution Network (SDSN)
		Concluding Remarks
		Cross-References
		References
	Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Paradigm Shift: From Disaster Response to Risk Reduction Culture
		DRR and Sustainable Development: An Interplay
		Importance of Coordinated DRR Approach
		In Quest of Dynamic Leadership
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Drawdown´s ``System of Solutions´´ Helps to Achieve the SDGs
		Definition
		Introduction
		Approach for Mapping Drawdown Solutions and SDGs
		Results of Mapping Drawdown Solutions to SDGs
			Sector Level
				Electricity Generation
				Buildings
				Transportation
				Industry
				Food, Land, and Agriculture (FALU)
				Land and Oceans
				Health and Education
			System Level
			Limitations and Future Work
		Discussion
		Cross-References
		References
	Duty-Free and Quota-Free Market Access (DFQF): Integrating LDCs with the Global Trading System
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Trade Preferences and DFQF Market Access in Multilateral Trading System
			First Steps at GATT
			GATT ``Waiver´´
			GATT Tokyo Round and ``Enabling Clause´´
			Least Developed Countries and WTO
			WTO Ministerial Conference in Singapore (1996)
			Doha Development Agenda and the WTO Hong Kong Ministerial Conference (2005)
			Latest Developments in DFQF at the Multilateral Forum
		Duty-Free and Quota-Free Market Access in Practice
			Developed Countries
			Developing Countries
		Concluding Summary
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Duty-Free Market Access
E
	Ecological Distribution Conflict
	Economic Democracy
	Economics Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Climate Change
			Climate Change Mitigation
			Climate Change Adaptation
		Climate Change International Legal Regime
		Sustainable Finance
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
	Education for Sustainable Development: A Framework for Global Partnership and Sustainability in India
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		India´s Effort in Revitalizing the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development (SDG 17)
			Improving Taxation Capacity and Compliance (Voluntary National Review Report, Government of India 2017)
			Strengthening Subnational Governments (Voluntary National Review Report, Government of India 2017)
			Enhancing Efficiency of Expenditures (Voluntary National Review Report, Government of India 2017)
			Establishing Strong Partnerships with the Private Sector (Voluntary National Review Report, Government of India 2017)
			Promoting South-South Cooperation (Voluntary National Review Report, Government of India 2017)
			Reforming the Aid System and Honoring Existing ODA (Official Development Assistance) Commitments (Voluntary National Review Re...
			Technology Facilitation Mechanism (TFM) (Voluntary National Review Report, Government of India 2017)
			Data, Monitoring, and Accountability (Voluntary National Review Report, Government of India 2017)
				Legal Framework for Data Collection (MOSPI, Government of India 2017)
				Monitoring Framework for SDGs (MOSPI, Government of India 2017)
		Conclusion
		References
	Emerging Technologies in Education for Sustainable Development
		Definition
		Introduction
		Education for Sustainable Development
		Technology Influencing Human Behavior
			Persuasive Design
			Gamification
			Sense-Related Technologies and Learning
				On Creating a Learning Experience That Is Impossible to Do It Easily in Real World
				On Helping Learners to Better Absorb Conceptual Ideas
				On Improving Collaborative Learning
				On Supporting Different Education Ideas
			Wearable Technology
		Evaluating Behavior Change by Using Technology
		The Importance of Partnership Relationship Between Educators and Technologists
		References
	Environment and Technology Transfer for Sustainable Development Goals
	Environmental Conflict
	Environmental Education as a Technical or Vocational Subject in Zimbabwe´s Secondary Schools
		Definition
			Environmental Education (EE)
			Technical/Vocational (Tech/Voc) Education
			Technical Education (TE)
			Vocational Education (VE)
		Introduction
		Historical Development of Environmental Education
		EE and SDGs
		From Environmental Education to Environmental Sustainable Development (ESD)
		Is EE a Tech/Voc Subject?
		Historical Framework of EE in Zimbabwe
		Current Status of EE in Zimbabwe´s Schools
		Tech/Voc EE Pedagogy: Proposed Strategies
		EE and Research, Develop, Disseminate, and Adopt (RDDA) Approach to Resource and Curriculum Development
		Project Learning Tree (PLT)
		The Role of EMA in EE in Zimbabwe
		Benefits of EE in Zimbabwe´s Context
		Equal Importance of Subjects within the School Curricula
		Conclusion
		Policy Implications/Recommendations
		Cross-References
		References
	Environmental Ethics
	Environmental Management Proactivity
	Environmental Responsiveness
	Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Management of Mangrove Forests in Mozambique
		Definition
		Introduction
		Ecosystem Services, Ecological and Economic Value of Mangroves
		Environmental and Socioeconomic Framework of Mangroves in Mozambique
		Mangrove Areas of Distribution in Mozambique
			Species Diversity, Zonal Distribution, and Known Areas of Occurrence
			Mangrove Occurrence in Conservation Areas in Mozambique
		Historical Evolution of Estimates and Trend of Mangrove Forest Extension in Mozambique
		Legal Framework and Legal Regimes for Environmental Management and Strategies in Mozambique
		International Agreements and Mangrove Ecosystems for Global Environmental Awareness
		Future Directions
		Cross-References
		References
	Environmentally Sound Technologies for Sustainability and Climate Change
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Adaptation of ESTs for Climate Change
		Implementation of ESTs in Developing Countries
		Challenges for Transfer of Technology and Barriers and Priorities for ESTs
		Application and Analysis of Technology for Sustainability of ESTs
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Ethical Business
	Ethical Heritage
	Ethical Investment
	Examining the Role of Big Data for Strengthening Multi-stakeholder Partnerships in the SDGs
		Definition
		Background
		Introduction
		Big Data: Definition and Characteristics
		Big Data and Sustainable Development Goals
			United Nations Initiatives
		Sources of Data for SDG
		Projects in Big Data and SDGs
			Specific Goal: SDG 5: Gender Equality and Big Data
		Implementing Big Data Initiatives for SDGs
			Steps to Successful Big Data Projects
		Challenges
		Newer Technologies
		Conclusion
		References
F
	Feminist Movement(s)
	Feminist Organizations
	Fighting Against Poverty Through Giving and Entrepreneurship
		Definition
		Introduction
		Achieving Partnerships Between Countries for the Welfare of the People (SDG Number 17)
		UN Goals for the Eradication of Poverty
		Partnership Through CSR as a Means of Empowering Organizations and Nations to Develop the Economy and Reduce Poverty
		Partnerships and Giving of Organizations as Parameters of Fulfillment According to Positive Psychology
		An Example of Giving Through Partnerships of Individuals Inspiring Others Through Entrepreneurship
		The Partnership Between Jose Antonio Abreu´s Project and the Venezuelan Government to Eradicate Poverty and Improve Child Welf...
		Partnerships Between Nations as a Way to Promote Economic Development and Subsequent Poverty Reduction
		Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Finance Climate Action
	Financial Distress and Household Debt: Managing Longer-Term Financial Sustainability
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Where Did your Money Go? Wants vs Needs
		Socioeconomic Status and Household Debt
		Costs Associated with High Household Debt: Less Stigma or More Financial Distress?
		Recommendations: Resolution to Minimize Financial Distress
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Financial Instability
	Financial Technology for Sustainable Development
		Definition
		Introduction
		On Alternative Credit Scoring
		On Crowdfunding
		On Insurance
		On Investment
		On P2P Lending
		On Payment
		On Regulation
		The Importance of Collaboration and Partnerships
		Conclusions and Future Directions
		References
	Financing for SDGs: Toward a Responsible Public-Private Tax Approach
		Synonyms
		Introduction
		Definition
		The Inefficient Present Situation Caused by Limited Views on Taxation. Social Responsibility as a Means to Overcome It
		How to Spread the Virtue of Being Socially Responsible in and Through Taxation to Achieve Global Sustainable Development?
		Socially Responsible Public and Private Organizations Are Needed to Lead This Change of Paradigm
			States´ Tasks
				Calibrating the Regulatory Function of Taxation in the International Context
				Exerting Tax Sovereignty Through Coordinated Responsible Taxation
				Promoting Responsible Business Conduct in and with Taxation
			Entrepreneurial Challenges in a Changing Environment
			Responsible Interactions Between Public and Private Sectors to Promote Sustainable Development
		Searching for Effective Control Mechanisms of Any Special Tax Treatment Derived from Positive or Negative Impacts on Sustainab...
			Reporting and Auditing
			Taking Advantage of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in a Digitalized Economy
		Attuning the Institutional Tax Framework
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Flood Disaster
	Fourth Industrial Revolution
	Francis
	Future-Oriented Financial Decision-Making
G
	Geographical Indications and Regional Trade Agreements: Facilitating International Partnerships for Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Geographical Indications and Intellectual Property
		Trends in Using Geographical Indications
			Geographical Indication Schemes
			Geographical Indications for Regional Development and Environmental Management
			Geographical Indications as a Benefit-Sharing Scheme
			Fundamental Challenges in Operationalizing Geographical Indication Schemes: Spatiotemporal Multilayers of Geographical Indicat...
		Potentials and Challenges in Sectoral and Regional Collaborations
			Regional Trade Agreements for Intellectual Property Management
			Sustainable Management of Geographical Indications Under International Partnerships
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Gift Economy
	Global Common Goods
	Global Goals
	Global Partnership
	Global Partnership for Sustainable Development with and for Indigenous Peoples
		Definition
		Introduction
		Decolonizing Sustainable Development
		Indigenous Knowledge Systems as a Framework for Policy Coherence
		Future Issues
		Cross-References
		References
	Global Partnership in the Service Industries for Sustainable Development
		Definition
		Introduction
		Frameworks on Global Partnership in Service Industries
			Global Partnership in Education Sector
			Global Partnership in Tourism Sector
			Global Partnership in Health-Care Sector
			Global Partnerships among the UN´s Sustainable Development Goals
		Concluding Summary
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Global Partnership Under a New Normal: Challenges and Response to COVID-19
		Definition
		Introduction
		Translating Global Goals into Local Realities
			Understanding a New Normal
			Supporting the SDGs Through Partnership
			Partnership Platforms for Sustainable Development
		Strengthening Partnership on Global Health
			Partnership: Perspectives from Global Health
		Global Partnership for Covid-19 Response
			Covid-19 Global Partner: Toward Integrated Challenges
		Sustainable Solutions to Cope with the Impacts of Covid-19
		Partnerships to Accelerate the Global Responses to COVID-19
		Concluding Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Global Partnerships of Rural Stakeholders for Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Frameworks on Global Partnership in Selected Rural Industries
			Examples of Partnerships in Agriculture and Rural Tourism
				A Case Study of Developing Country: Partnerships in Tourism and Agriculture in Serbia
			Partnerships in Artisanal Handicraft
				A Case Study of a Developing Country: Partnerships Through Clusters in India
		Global Partnerships Among the UN´s Sustainable Development Goals
		Concluding Remarks
		Cross-References
		References
	Global Public Goods
	Good Governance: Its Role in Building a Sustainable Future
		Definition
		Introduction
		Governance
		Good Governance
		Bad Governance
			Counterfeiting
			Unsustainable Lifestyle
			Undesirable Social Developments
			Food Adulteration
				Milk
				Poultry
				Ready-to-Eat Foods (RTE Foods)
				Synthetic Colors
				Agricultural Produce
		Deterioration in Healthy Life
		How to Reengineer Sustainable Life?
		Way Forward: Sustainable Ways of Living
			Minimize the World Population to Sustainable Levels
		Good Governance
		Leadership
		Development Planning
		Emphasis on Public Infrastructure of Transportation
		Categorization of People with a Criminal Record
		Unnecessary Replacement of Spare Parts in the Servicing Industry
		Pollution Through the Delayed Settlement of Cases Involving Seizing of Vehicles
		Pollution from the Poor Maintenance of Public Properties
		Quality of Education
		Quality Production
		Universalization of Vital Public Policies
			Root Out Corruption
		A Sustainable Way of Living
			Water Bottles
			Environmentally Friendly Packing Material
			Waste Management
			Sustainable Cities
			Sustainable Industrial Policy
			Conscious Consumption of Resources
			Ecosystem Services and Tree Replantation
			Forest Cover
			Essential Services for Sustenance of the Planet
			Global Policy on the Environment
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Governance
	Governance for Sustainable Development
		Definition
		Sustainable Development and Partnerships
		The Partnership Types for the Sustainable Development
			SNP Functional for Building and Managing Agreements
			SNP Functional for Supporting Strategies, Actions and Interventions
			SNP Functional for Developing and Spreading the Scientific Bases, the Knowledge, and the Solutions of Intervention
		Some Emblematic Partnerships
			The Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy (GCMCE)
			The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS)
			Cities Alliance
			The Resilience Projects Observatory (RPO)
			The European Institute of Economics and the Environment (EIEE)
		The Role of the Partnership for the Sustainable Development
		Cross-References
		References
	Green Business
	Green Business Practices
	Greening of Religion
	Growth Paradox
H
	Historical Narratives
I
	Identity
	Impact Investment
	Inclusive Partnerships: A Key to Achieving Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Inclusive Partnerships for Sustainable Development
			Introduction
			Sustainable Development
			Partnerships
				Inclusive Partnerships
			Typologies of Inclusive Partnerships
			Value Proposition
				Consequential Value Variables
				Constitutive Value Variables
			Networks of Influence
			Benefits of Inclusive Partnerships for Sustainability
			Challenges of Inclusive Partnerships for Sustainability
			Framework for Successful Inclusive Partnerships
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Inclusivity
	Index and Indicator in SDGs
	Indigenous and Local Knowledge
	Industrial Growth in Africa
	Innovating Youth Engagement and Partnerships to Progress the SDGs
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Prioritizing Young People´s Participation
		Learning through Innovation
		Innovative Modes of Youth Engagement
			Partnership-Driven Platforms
			Youth-Led Solutions
			Crowdsourcing and Mapping
			Gameplay
		Directions for Youth-Engaged Partnerships
			Enable Digital Cooperation across Sectors, Ages, Disciplines, and Regions
			Address Multidimensional Barriers to Young People´s (Digital) Participation
			Diversify Data Collection and SDG Monitoring
			Support Youth Leadership, Creativity, and Capacities
			Prioritize Research and Knowledge-Sharing
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Innovation Systems for Sustainability
	Institutional Coherence
	Institutional Theory and City Council as a Driver for Urban Sustainability
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Bases of Institutional Theory
		The Institutional Theory Applied to the International System
		Building Institutions in the International Interdependence Environment
		Institutional Arrangements to Consolidate Governance
		Urban Governance and Sustainability
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Integrative Governance
	Intellectual Property Rights for Agricultural Products
	Intercontinental Collaboration
	Intercultural (Communicative) Competence
	Intercultural Ethics
	Intercultural Responsibility: Critical Inter-epistemic Dialog and Equity for Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		The Intercultural Responsibility Background
			Intercultural Competence
			ICOPROMO - Intercultural Competence for Professional Mobility
			GLOCADEMICS - Glocal Languages and Intercultural Responsibility in a Postcolonial Global Academic World
			Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)
		Different Notions of Responsibility in the Twentieth Century in Europe
			Hanna Arendt
			Emmanuel Levinas
			Hans Jonas
		Intercultural Responsibility
			Philosophy of Liberation
			Epistemologies of the South
			The Postcolonial and Decolonial Turn
			Responsibility that Is Intercultural
			Contribution of Intercultural Responsibility to Goal 17 - Strengthen the Means of Implementation and Revitalize the Global Par...
		Cross-References
		References
	Interdisciplinary Approach to Microalgae Production in Partnerships Around the World
		Definition
		Introduction
		Interdisciplinarity and the Sustainable Development Goal 17
		Forms of Cultivation and Growth of Microalgae
		The Market for Microalgae Products
		The Biotechnological and Interdisciplinary Potential of Microalgae
		Applications and Products
		Publication Data
		Microalgae as Tools for Partnerships
		Impacts on SDG 17 Targets and Their Indicators
		Impacts on Other Sustainable Development Goals
		Challenges, Limitations, and Directions
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Interdisciplinary Research Teams for the Sustainable Development Goals
		Introduction
		The Need for Collective Action
			Synergies Between the Sustainable Development Goals
		Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals: From Research to Practice
			Interdisciplinarity in Research
			Implications of Higher Education Partnerships
			Role of Multi-stakeholder Partnerships
		Benefits and Challenges
		Key Recommendations
		Conclusions
		References
	Inter-governmental Partnerships and Global Governance
		Definition
		Introduction: Contextualizing Inter-governmental Partnerships and Global Governance
		Inter-governmental Partnerships
			Inter-local Partnerships
			International Partnerships
			Regional Partnerships
			Strategic Partnerships
		Global Governance
			Political Governance
			Economic Governance
			Environmental Governance
			Networked Governance
		Linkages: Inter-governmental Partnerships and Global Governance
			Processes and Outcomes
			Actors and Interests
			Territory, Place, Scale, and Networks
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	International Environmental Protection Initiatives: Direct and Indirect Drivers of Change
		Definition
		Introduction
			Voluntary Environmental Regulation as an Indirect Driver of Change
				Mandatory Regulation as a Direct Driver of Change
				Corporate Environmental Responsibility as an Indirect Driver of Change
		The Environmental Protection and the Sustainable Development Goals
			The Agenda 2030 and the International Environmental Initiatives
			The Agenda 2030 and the Corporate Environmental Responsibility
		Future Directions for the International Environmental Regulation
		Cross-References
		References
	International Governance of Global Commons in the Context of SDG 17
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Atmosphere
			Beginnings of Atmospheric Governance
			Global Atmospheric Regime
			Future Atmospheric Challenges
		Oceans
			History of Ocean Governance
			Oil (and Other) Pollution
			Carbon Dioxide and World´s Oceans
			Protection of Ocean Living Resources
			Opportunities and Challenges for the World´s Oceans
		Antarctica
		Outer Space
			History and Current Status of the Outer Space Governance
			Future Challenges for Outer Space
		Cyberspace and Intellectual Property
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	International Investment Agreements and the Promotion of Sustainable Development
		Definition
		Introduction
		Promotion of Sustainable Development in the Foreign Investment Regime
		Integrating Sustainable Development to the Investment Agreement Provisions
		Alternatives to Attract Investment for the Promotion of Sustainable Development
			Adoption and Enforcement of Sustainable Development Chapters
			Establishment of Exceptions and Screening Mechanisms
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	International Relations Between Actors in Rural Areas
	International Volunteering
	Interweaving Knowledge Systems Through Sustainability Governance
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Knowledge Governance Towards Sustainability
		Knowledge Brokerage: The Missing Piece of the Puzzle?
			How Does Knowledge Brokerage Work?
			Where Does Knowledge Brokerage Take Place?
			Challenges, Barriers, and Facilitators of Knowledge Brokerage
		Concluding Remarks
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
J
	Junior Enterprise Movement and Sustainable Development: Focus on E-Waste Management
		Definition
		Chapter Organization and Purpose
		Introduction to Partnerships
		Opportunity Window for Sustainable Entrepreneurship
			The Junior Enterprise Movement
			Building Sustainable Connections and Partnerships
		Junior Enterprise Movement and E-Waste Management
			``Solve - Soluções em Engenharia´´
			The E-Waste Management Project
				Waste Management Improvement: Why E-Waste?
				Case Study
				How to Solve this Problem?
				Progress and Organization
		Classification of Junior Enterprise Partnerships for SDG
		Localization of SDG
			Localizing Junior Enterprise Movement Advances in Education for Sustainable Development
			Localizing SDG in the EWUC Project
			Further Developments
		Discussion and Final Remarks
	Acknowledgment
		References
K
	K4DP
	KM4Dev
	Knowledge Brokerage
	Knowledge Systems
	Knowledge-Based Bioeconomy
L
	Laudato si
	Leadership
	Life Cycle Assessment
	Life Cycle Assessment and Evaluation of Solutions Toward Sustainable Development Goals
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Life Cycle Assessment: Key Methodological Aspects
		The Role of LCA in Supporting Decision-Making
		LCA and the Support to SDGs
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Life Cycle Thinking
	Long-Term Investments
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
		Socially Responsible Investment
			Emergence
			2008/2009 World Financial Recession Aftermath
			Contemporary Long-Term Investments
			SRI in the Age of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
			Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Investments
		Future Outlook
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
M
	Management of Protected Areas for Sustainability
		Definition
		Introduction
			Frameworks on Protected Areas
		Preparation and Implementation of Management Plans
			Elements of the Management Plan and Examples of Good Practice in the World
		New Approach to Protected Area Management: The Role of Local People
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Migration-Development Nexus
	Multilateral Cooperation: Core Essence of Sustainable Development Policy in 2030 Agenda
		Definition
		Introduction
		Multilateral Cooperation and SDG Nexus
		Benefits of Multilateral Cooperation in Attaining SDG
		Challenges in Multilateral Cooperation for SDG
		Areas and Dimensions of Multilateral Cooperation for SDGs
		MLC Framework
			Basic MLC Framework
			Institutional Framework
			Policy Framework
			Operational Framework
		Future Pathways
			From Cohesion and Coordination to Integration
			Strengthening of Equitable Representation and Responsible Sovereignty
			Strengthening of Transparency and Accountability
			Innovation in Cooperation Patterns
			Streamlining the Evidence-Based Approach
			Compatible Reforms in the United Nations and Global Development Institutions
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Multi-partner Governance
	Multi-sector
	Multisectoral Partnership
	Multispecies Livelihoods: Partnering for Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Conservation
		Definition
		Introduction
		Biodiversity Conservation
			Land Connectivity
			Habitat Restoration and Preservation
			Rewilding
		Wildlife-Human Conflict and Coexistence
			Sociocultural Factors
			Socioeconomic Factors
			Traditional Ecological Knowledge
		Sustainable Development
			Alternative/Sustainable Livelihoods
			Nature-Based Economic Livelihoods
		Multispecies Livelihoods
			Wildlife Ecotourism Models
				Excursion Model
				Sanctuary Model
				Animal Ambassador Model
				Reserves/Parks Model
				Online/Social Media Hybrid Model
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Multistakeholder Initiatives
	Multi-stakeholder Partnerships
	Multi-stakeholder Partnerships in Public Policy
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Reasons for the Growth in Multi-stakeholder Partnerships
		Obstacles to Multi-stakeholder Partnerships (MSPs)
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Mutual Understanding
N
	National Sustainable Development Strategies
		Definition
		Introduction
		Disparities Among Nations in the Sustainability Progress
			Causes of Disparities and Imperatives for Action
			Global Commitment for Global Commons
		National Strategies for Implementation
		Incorporating Integrated Knowledge Perspectives in National Development Planning
		Traditional Knowledge
		Sustainability Science
		Role of Universities in Sustainability Science
		Future Directions
		Cross-References
		References
	Nation-Building
	Natural Disaster
	Natural Hazards
	Natural Resource Conflicts: Definition and Three Frameworks to Aid Analysis
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
			A Brief Recent History of Natural Resource Conflicts
			Current Theories of Natural Resource Conflicts
			The Global Environmental and Political Context
		Varying Intensities of Natural Resource Conflicts
		Resource Characteristics in Conflicts: Renewables versus Nonrenewables
		Local to Global Dynamics: Geographical Scales in Natural Resource Conflict
		Concluding Summary
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Nature-Based Solutions
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Development and Evolution of NBS as a Concept
		NBS Principles
		NBS and Related Concepts
		NBS Classification
		NBS to Address Global Societal Challenges
			Water Security
			Food Security
			Human Health
			Risk Management and Resilience
			Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
			Economic and Social Development
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Network Governance
	Networks
	Nonmarket Environmental Valuation as a Nonmarket Strategy for Sustainable Development
		Definition
		Introduction
		Source of Information
		Nonmarket Valuation and Sustainable Development
		Market and Nonmarket Environmental Valuation Methods
		Market Techniques
			Nonmarket Techniques
		Economic Valuation in Colombia
		Environmental Economics in Developing Economies
			Ecosystem
			Recreation
			Fauna and Flora
			Hydrological Resource
		Issues in Valuation Methods and Sources of Bias
		Conclusions
		References
	Nonprofit Economy
O
	Official Development Assistance (ODA), Aid Dynamics, and Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Official Development Assistance (ODA): Past, Present, and Future
			ODA: History, Definitions, and Targets
				Bilateral Origins and Early Iterations
				Public Aid to Development and the Development Assistance Architecture
				The Role of the OECD DAC
				Defining ODA
				ODA Targets
			Aid Effectiveness
				Untying Aid
				Aid Dependence
				Donor Conditionalities
				Reemergence of the Neocolonialism Debate
			ODA, Aid Dynamics, and Sustainable Development
				South-South Cooperation
				New Modalities in Aid: Blended Finance
				Global Structural Inequalities and Redistribution
		Cross-References
		References
	Oppositional Knowledge
P
	Participatory Co-design for Sustainable Development
		Definition
		Introduction
		Inclusive Development Through Participatory Co-design for SDG17
		Participatory Design Roots
		Co-design: From Customers to Policy and Social Innovation
		Critical Views of Politics and Empowerment Claims
		The Knowledge and Expertise Tension
		Method Innovation
		Benefits and Challenges in Development Contexts: Three Examples
			Three Illustrative Examples of Participatory Co-design
				Case 1: Biocultural Design and Indigenous Knowledge
				Case 2: Urban Slum Redevelopment Through Co-design
				Case 3: Empowering Marginalized Children
		Discussion and Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Participatory Governance
	Partnership and Capacity Building of Local Governance
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Theoretical Understanding of Key Concepts
			Partnership as a Development Doctrine
			Local Governance
		Partnership as a Tool to Promote Local Governance Capacity Building
			Why Local Governance Partnership?
			Major Benefits of Partnerships, Capacity Building, and the Emergence of Trust
			Potential Bottlenecks of Building Partnership
		Conclusions, Discussion, and Future Research Agenda
		Cross-References
		References
	Partnership For Electrification of Urban Passenger Transport in India
		Definition
		Introduction
		Public Private Partnership (PPP)
		National- and State-Level Electric Vehicle Policies in India
			National-Level Policies
			State-Level Policies
		Electrification of Various Urban Passenger Transport Modes
			Transforming Private Vehicle Fleet to Electric Fleet
			Transition of Public Sector Bus Fleet to Electric Fleet
			Transition of Three-Wheelers Fleet to Electric Fleet (e.g., E-Rickshaws)
			Partnership in EV Charging Infrastructure Delivery and Maintenance
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Partnership for Flood Disaster Management
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Excellence Global Partnership and Disaster Management Action through the UNISDR and GFP
			The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)
			Global Flood Partnership (GFP)
		US, European, and Asian Action for Flood Disaster Management
			US Initiative for Flood Disaster
			Flood Disaster Management by European Countries
			Asian Action for Flood Disaster Management
				Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN)
				Asia-Pacific Disaster Resilience Network (ESCAP)
				ASEAN-UN Joint Strategic Plan of Action on Disaster Management
				The Asia Pacific Disaster Resilience Centre (APDRC)
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Partnership for the Goals
	Partnership Through Sustainable Development Indicator
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Global Sustainable Development Indicator
		Tools and Methods to Assess Sustainable Development Indicator
		Partnership for Sustainable Development Goals
		Partnership Initiative Through Sustainable Development Indicator
			World University Sustainability Assessment (WUSA) by Universiti Sains Malaysia (Radzi and Hassan 2019)
			UI GreenMetric World Ranking (UIGMWR) by Universitas Indonesia (Universitas Indonesia 2018a)
			SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 (Sachs et al. 2018)
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Partnership-Oriented Reverse Supply Chain Toward Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling
		Definition
		Introduction
			Partnership-Oriented Reverse Supply Chain: Scope, Definitions, and Value
		Literature Review Related to Reverse Supply Chain in the Global Context
			Challenges of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling in Reverse Logistics
			Drivers for Reverse Logistics Implementation and Stakeholder Perspectives
			Current Research in RSC: Problems and Challengers Observed in the Construction Industry Context
		The Way Forward
			Partnership-Oriented Reverse Supply Chain Scenarios
			Unpacking the Challenges of Partnerships in the Construction Industry RSC for a Sustainable Future
		Discussion and Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Partnerships
	Partnerships and Innovations Relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals
		Synonyms
		Definition
		The Intersecting Need for Innovation and Partnerships
		Exploring Innovation Relevant to the SDGs
			Responsible Innovation
			Social Innovation
			Transdisciplinary Innovation
			Summarizing the Challenges of Innovation
		Partnerships
			Transformational Partnerships for Innovation
				Allowing for Mutual Benefit
				Alignment of Individual Vision and Values
				Recognizing and Balancing Power Dynamics
				The Benefits of a Partnership Broker
		A Necessary Way Forward for Sustainable Development
		Cross-References
		References
	Partnerships for Development and the SDG17: Role of Foreign Direct Investment
		Definition
		Introduction
		Partnerships for a Change: FDI and the SDG17
		FDI and Development in Economic Theory
			The Neoclassical Theory of FDI
			Expansion and Absorption of Assets Theory
			The Post-Keynesian View
		An Overview of the Empirical Evidence
		FDI, Economic Development, and the SDG17
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Partnerships for Development of Sustainable and Reliable Energy
		Definition
		Introduction
		Interlinkage Between SDG 17 and SDG 7
		Partnerships for SDG 7
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Partnerships for Smart City Retrofits: The Case of Toronto´s Quayside
		Definition
		Introduction
		Types of Partnerships and Their Implications
		Toronto´s High-Tech Quayside Plans
		Transparency and Democratic Decision-Making for Social Capital Building
		Classic Principles of Change Management Facilitated by Technology
		A Vision for a Sustainable Smart City Developed with Democratic Principles
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Partnerships of the Philosophy of Eating
		Definition
		Eating for Nutrition and Survival
		Healthy Eating
		Emotional Eating
		Food as a Mirror
		Food as a Relation
		Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
		Partnerships
		Types of Partnership
		Partnership Features
			Trust and Committed Leadership
			Planning
			Evaluation
			Accountability
			Transparency
		The Cost of Feeding Malnourished People Especially Children
			Benefits of Proper Child Nutrition and the Philosophy of Eating
			State of Food Security and Nutrition in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean
		How to Partner
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Pathways to Sustainable Development
	Peace Initiatives
	Peer Production
	Personal Bankruptcy
	Policy Coherence
	Policy Integration
	Political Remittances
	Power, Trust, and Knowledge Sharing in Sustainable Development Through International Volunteering
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Power, Trust, and Knowledge Sharing in Development Partnerships
			Power
			Trust
			Knowledge Sharing
		Power, Trust, and Knowledge Sharing in IVS Stakeholder Partnerships
			Factors Affecting IVS Relationships at Macro-Level
				International Volunteering: From Voluntary Service to Technical Assistance
				Changing Patterns of Aid and Implications for IVS
			Factors Affecting IVS Relationships at Meso-Level
				Strategic Stakeholder Partnerships
				Mobilizing Stakeholder Partnerships
			Factors Affecting IVS Relationships at Micro (Implementation)-Level
		Power, Trust, and Knowledge Sharing in the Management and Coordination of IVS
		Concluding Remarks
		Cross-References
		References
	Preferential Market Access
	Preservation of Marine Biodiversity and Social Economical Sustainability in Mozambique
		Definition
		Introduction
		Strengthen the Means of Implementation and Revitalize the Global Partnership for Marine and Coastal Areas Biodiversity Sustain...
		Environmental Management Conservation Approaches
			Ecosystem-Based Management Versus Community-Based Management
		The Importance of Community-Based and Socio-Environmental Management Approach in Less Developed Countries
			The PPEMBA Project: Known to Preserve Marine Biodiversity and Ordering for Social and Environmental Sustainability of Pemba Ba...
				Project Partners and Networking with Governmental Institutions and NGOs: Working Groups
			PPEMBA Activities, Instruments, and Procedures for Project Development
				Local Participation in Planning Process and to Develop Strategies and Action Plans
			PPEMBA Outcomes: Acquisition, Adaptation, Dissemination, and Creation of Networking between Scientific and Local Knowledge
				Human Resources Training and Capacitation
				Sustainable Biodiversity Management
				Dissemination and Evaluation of the Knowledge Produced
				Consolidation of Scientific and Local Knowledge Exchange
			PPEMBA Global Outcome: Integrated Pemba Coastal Zone Management Plan
				PPEMBA Outcome-Integrated Pemba Coastal Zone Management Plan
		Future Perspectives
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	PRME
	Proactive Climate Change Strategy
	Proactive Environmental Strategy
	Proactive Environmentalism
	Public Policy
	Public-Private Partnerships and Sustainable Development
		Introduction
		Public-Private Partnerships
		Effectiveness
		Public-Private Partnerships and UN´s Sustainable Development Goals
		Profit Motive and Corruption
		Suggestions and Best Practices
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Public-Private Partnerships to Promote Healthy Food Access
		Definition
		Introduction
		Purpose
		Food Security and Healthy Food Access
		Introduction to the Term and Function of Partnership
		Three Examples of PPPs to Promote Healthy Food Access
			Example 1: Fresh Food Financing Initiative
			Example 2: Pay-for-Results Model
			Example 3: Agritourism
				Italy
				Malaysia
				South Africa
		Critical Implementation Elements for Successful PPPs
			Collaborative Intervention
			Clearly Defined Roles and Responsibilities
			Outcomes-Oriented Focus
			Synergistic Approaches
			Data-Driven Action
			Contextual Success Factors
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
R
	Reimagining Development Institutions for the SDG Era: Pathways to Impact
		Definition
		Introduction: Old Institutions, New Challenges
		Theorizing Development Institutions
		Toward Impact: Reframing Development Institutions
			Current and Emerging Approaches to the SDGs and the 2030 Agenda
			Australia: Approach and Challenges
			Australia: Emerging Opportunities
			Uruguay: Approach and Challenges
			Uruguay: Emerging Opportunities
			Opportunities for Horizontal Learning
		Creating Institutions for Impact
		Cross-References
		References
	Religion
	Religion as Transmission Belt for Promoting the Sustainable Development Goals
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		The Development Paradigm
		Religious Commitment to the Conservation of Creation
			The Ambiguous Role of Religion Toward Conservation
			The ``Conciliar Process´´
			Laudato si´
			Dark Green Religion
		Religious Resources for Sociocultural Transformations
			The Catholic Church´s Potentials as a Change Agent
			The Religions´ Mission for a Sustainable World
		Cross-References
		References
	Representation
	Research and Enterprises
	Resolving CPEC Issues in Balochistan Through Local Government
		Definition
		Introduction
		An Overview of BRI and CPEC
			Belt and Road Initiative
			China Pakistan Economic Corridor
		Discussion
			CPEC, Issues of Balochistan, and Decentralization
			History of Decentralization of Power in PAKISTAN
			Major Issues in Decentralization
				Preference of Centralized Decision Making
				Institutional Capacity at Local Level to Implement CPEC
				Legal Aspects
				Transparency, Corruption, and Other Issues
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Responsible Artificial Intelligence and Partnerships for the Goals
		Definition
		Introduction
			What Are Some Concerns with AI?
			How Do We Implement Responsible AI?
		Partnerships for Responsible AI
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Responsible Leadership
	Revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Through Community Engagement
		Introduction
		Learning from Top Sustainability-Ranked Corporations
		Community Engagement as a Partnership Platform
			Leadership
			Strategies
			Objectives and Actions
		Reporting and SDG 17
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Role of Bioeconomy in the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Roots and Foundations of Bioeconomy
			Thermodynamics and the Struggle Against Entropy
			Biology and the Complex Evolution of the Human World
			Sociology and Psychology, the Return of the Relational Being
			Economics Towards a Knowledge-Based Society
				From Bioeconomy to Sustainable Issues
		The Role of Bioeconomy for Achieving SDGs
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Role of Science, Technology, and Innovation Towards SDGS
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Partnerships for the SDGs: Who Is Behind It?
			Government
			Education and Research
			Innovative Firms
			STI Finance and Venture Capital
			Innovation Intermediaries
		Knowledge Based Interaction and SDGs
		SDG 17: Framework for Action
		Conclusion
		Cross-Reference
		References
	Role of Transnational Multi-stakeholder Partnerships in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
		Definition
		Introduction
		Governance as Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development
		The Essence of Transnational Governance to the SDGs
		Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships as Transnational Mechanisms for SDG 17
		The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) as a Model for Transnational Multi-Stakeholder Partnership
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
S
	Science Policy, Technology Policy, and Innovation Policy
	SDG Indicators
	SDGs
	Shared Heritage
	Sharing Economy
	Sisterhood
	Social and Political Commitment
	Social and Solidarity Economy or How Not-for-Profit Organizations Participate to SDGs´ Implementation?
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Social and Solidarity Economy Versus State and Market Regulation?
		SSE and Sustainable Development, between Principles and Values
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Social Assistance
	Social Dialogue in Partnerships and Gender Equality: Focus on Garment Industry in Bangladesh
		Definition
		Introduction
		Contribution of Social Dialogue
			Social Dialogue as a Mechanism for Partnership Collaboration
			Social Dialogue as a Means to Improve Working Conditions
			Social Dialogue as a Means to Achieve Gender Equality
		Global Scenario of Practicing Social Dialogue: Preconditions and Realities
			Preconditions of Effective Social Dialogue
			The Actual Situation of Practicing Social Dialogue across the World
		Social Dialogue and Gender Issues: RMG Industry in Bangladesh
			Nature and Practice of Social Dialogue in RMG Industries in Bangladesh
			Contribution of Social Dialogue through Partnerships in Reducing Gender Inequalities within RMG Industries
			Challenges Faced by Trade Unions in Achieving Gender Equality in RMG Industries
		Concluding Summary
		Cross-References
		References
	Social Impact Investment for Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Why: Financing Sustainable Development
		What: Spectrum and Instruments of Social Impact Investment
			Venture Philanthropy
			Sustainable and Responsible Investing
			Social Impact Investors and SII Instruments
				Social Impact Bonds
				Development Impact Bonds
				Crowdfunding: Individual Impact Investors as Development Financiers
			Social Impact Investment Market Facilitators
		Return Expectations: Three-Dimensional Returns
		How: Social Impact Investment Infrastructure
		Potential Challenges
			SDG Washing
			Logic Dissonance
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Social Insurance
	Social Investment
	Social Remittances: A Pathway to Partnerships for Sustainable Development
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Remittances and the Development of Societies: A History of Migration
		Remittances in the Migration Development Nexus
		Social Capital: Resources to Mitigate Economic Stagnation
			Social Remittances at the Household and Local Level
			Social Remittances at National and International Levels
			Transnational Social Spaces: Diffuse Arenas of Social Remittance
		The Economics of Social Exchange
		Obstacles to Social Remittances
			Legal Restrictions
			Stigmatization of Migrants
			Corruption
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Social Responsibility
	Social Safety Net
	Social Security
	Socially Co-responsible Action in Taxation
	Socio-environmental Conflict
	South East Asia Sustainability Network
	South East Asia Sustainability Network (SEASN)
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Background of Sustainability Networking Based on Southeast Asian Region
		Sustainable Development Solutions Network Southeast Asia (SDSN SE Asia)
		Southeast Asia Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Teacher Educators´ Network
		ICLEI Southeast Asia
		SEASN
		SEASN History, Logo, Aims, and Goals
			History
			SEASN Logo
			Aims and Goals
		SEASN Organization Structure
			SEASN Chairperson
			SEASN Vice-Chairperson
			Secretary-General
			SEASN Secretariat
			SEASN Board Members
			SEASN Members
		SEASN Membership
		SEASN Boards and Assembly
			SEASN Board Meeting
			SEASN Assembly
		SEASN Events and Programs
			ISCO 2013
			1st SEASN Assembly
			1st SEASN Board Meeting
			2nd SEASN Board Meeting
			SEASN Thematic Working Group (TWG) Lab
			3rd SEASN Board Meeting
			2nd SEASN Assembly
			4th SEASN Board Meeting
			International Conference on Sustainable Development Goals (ICSDG2016)
			5th Board Meeting and Strategic Planning Lab 2017
			SEASN Strategic Planning Lab 2018
			6th Board Meeting
			7th Board Meeting and 3rd Strategic Planning 2018
		Networking Benefit in Southeast Asia for Sustainable Development
		Conclusion
		References
	Spatial Justice
	Stakeholder
	Stakeholder Partnerships: Collaborative Modeling as a Mechanism for Sustainable Development
		Definition
		Introduction
		Stakeholder Partnerships and Collaborative Modeling
			Water Resources Planning
			Computer-Based Models
			Stakeholder Participation and Negotiation
		Application of Collaborative Modeling for Multistakeholder Cooperation
			The Surabaya River in the Lower Reach of Brantas Watershed
			Collaborative Modeling and the Negotiated Approach
			Stakeholder Engagement Structure
			Modeling Approach
				Quick Scan and Complex Simulation Models
				The Surabaya River Game
			Impact Assessment
		Discussion: Key Lessons Learnt
			Shared Understanding of the System and Codesign of Solutions
			Social Dynamics of Collaborative Modeling
			Reluctance to Accept Participatory Processes
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Storytelling for the SDGs: Social Impact of Entertainment and Media
		Definition
		Introduction
		Being Heard and Seen
			Spreading Knowledge
			Social Impact Entertainment
		Changing Behavior
			Media as Social Learning
			Changing Viewing Habits
		Creating Impact
			A Framework of Media Impact
			Attribution of Impact
		Extending the Conversation
			Cross-Functional Strategies
			Bridge-Building Between Knowledge and Communities
		Reimagining Roles and Narratives
			A New Hero´s Journey
			Storytelling ``for not Against´´
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Strategic Environmental Assessment
	Strengthening International Partnership to Support Higher Education Institutions
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		History of Partnerships
		International Partnerships within Higher Education Institutions
		Final Remarks
		Cross-References
		References
	Supporting the Sustainable Development Goals Through Partnerships and Local Development
		Definition
		Introduction
		Localizing the SDGs: From Goals to Actions
			Local Actors
				Local and Regional Governments (LRGs)
				Nongovernmental Actors
			Roadmap for Localizing the SDGs
				Awareness Raising: Getting to Know the SDGs at Subnational Level
				Advocacy: Including a Subnational Perspective in National SDG Strategies
				Implementation: The Global Goals Go Local
				Monitoring: Evaluating and Learning from Experiences
		The Progress of Localization of the SDGs
			The Progress in SDG Localization: 2016-2017
			The Progress in SDG Localization: 2018
			Mapping LRG Actions by Region
		The Facilitating Factors of SDG Localization
			Institutional Frameworks and Policy Reforms
			Financing of the Localizing Process
			Capacity-Building Initiatives
			Co-production of Data and Local Monitoring
			Partnerships
		Partnerships for SDG Localization
			Value Creation: The Partnership Spectrum
				Leverage/Exchange Partnerships
				Combine/Integrate Partnerships
				Transform Partnerships
			Partnerships for Financing the Efforts to Localize the SDGs
				Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
				Philanthropy/Community Foundation
		SDG Localization: The Growing Relevance of Cities and Urban Development
			Targets for Cities and Urban Development
		Concluding Summary
		Cross-References
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Sustainability
	Sustainability Forecast
	Sustainability Governance
	Sustainability Networking in Southeast Asia
	Sustainable Development
	Sustainable Development Through Academic-Industrial Partnerships: A Perspective on the Chemical Sciences
		Definition
		Introduction
		Training the Chemists of the Future
		Outmaneuvering Antibiotic Resistance
		Biorenewable Polymers
		Green Chemistry in Action
		Designing Pigments for a More Efficient Aviation Industry
		Designing Effective Catalysts Through Collaboration
		Data-Driven Climate-Change Resilience
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Sustainable Finance
	Sustainable Governance
	Sustainable Public Systems: Global Norms and Partnerships for National Implementation
		Definition
		Introduction
		What Is a Sustainable Public System and How to Create It
		What Is Required to Make Systems Sustainable?
			The Strategic Vision of Developing the Nation
			Structural Reforms
		Global Norms and Partnership for National Implementation
			Challenges in Global Partnership
		How to Make Global Partnership Enforceable
		How Sustainable Systems Lead to Sustainable Development
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Sustainable Tourism: A Conflict of Interest
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Development and Sustainable Development: The Theoretical Gap
		The Engine of Development: The Case of Tourism
		Mass Tourism at a Tipping Point
		The Growth Paradox: Can Tourism Be Sustainable?
		Toward a Place-Specific and Resident-Centered Sustainable Tourism Model
		Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
		References
	Systemic Issues and Multi-stakeholders Partnerships for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Systems Thinking for Systemic Issues
		Elements of Systemic Issues
			Policy and Institutional Coherence
			Multi-Stakeholders Partnerships
			Data, Monitoring, and Accountability
		Sustainability Challenges for Systemic Issues
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Systems and Systemic Approaches for Attaining the SDGs Across Partnerships
		Definition
		Introduction
		Sustainability as a Systemic Problem
		Cross-Sector Collaboration, Systems Thinking, and Goal 17
		Different System Approaches to Sustainability
			System Dynamics
			Viable System Model (VSM)
			Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA)
			Soft Systems Methodology (SSM)
			Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH)
			Systemic Intervention
			Theory U
		Practicing Systemic Sustainability Towards the Goals
			Building Meaningful Relationships to Create Effective Partnerships
			Unlocking Value Co-Creation in Partnerships
			Create Systemic Change in Regenerative Eco-Systems
		Conclusions and Future Directions
		Cross-References
		References
	Systems Thinking
T
	Tariff Preferences
	Teaching
	Technology Revolution
	Tourism
	Trade Preferences
	Traditional and Local Knowledge for Sustainable Development: Empowering the Indigenous and Local Communities of the World
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Nature of Traditional and Local Knowledge
			Place in Traditional Systems and Processes
			Role in Sustainable Development
			Realistic Application
		International Instruments
			United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
			Convention on Biological Diversity
			Akwé: Kon Guidelines
			WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore
		Transmitting and Retaining Knowledge
			Vertical, Horizontal, and Oblique Transmission
			Preserving Knowledge
			Channels and Motivations
		Traditional Ecological Knowledge
			Sustainable Ecological Management
			Socioecological Systems
			Knowledge on Wild Edible Plants
			Knowledge on Beekeeping
		Driving Partnerships for Sustainable Development
			International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative
			Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
		Moving Forward
		Cross-References
		References
	Transborder Cooperation for Sustainable Tourism in the Baltic Sea Region
		Synonyms
		Definition
			The Baltic Sea Region
			Sustainable Tourism
			Transborder or Transboundary Tourist-Recreational Region
		Introduction
		Transborder Regionalization in Regional Studies
		Transborder Tourist and Recreation Region
		Theoretical Foundations of Transborder Regional Formation in Relation to Tourism
			Methodology of Research of Transborder Regions
			Conditions, Factors and Patterns of the Formation of Transborder Tourist and Recreational Regions
		Transborder Tourist and Recreational Regions in the Baltic Sea Region
			Pomerania - Polish-German Transborder Tourist Region
			The Öresund Transborder Region Is a Region of Cooperation Between Denmark, Sweden, and Germany
			The Green Belt of Fennoscandia in EU-RU Transborder Regions
			Transborder Region Estonia-Southern Finland
			Transborder Estonian-Latvian-Russian Region
			The Transborder Tourist and Recreational Region ``Zone of Lagoons´´
			Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Transborder Region
	Transboundary Region
	Transdisciplinary Collaborations for Achieving the SDGs
		Definition
		Introduction
		Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs
		Transdisciplinary Research for the SDGs
			The TDR Process
			Boundary Objects
			Stakeholders Engagement in TDR Collaborations for Achieving the SDGs
			Conditions for TDR Collaborations for Achieving the SDGs
		Challenges of TDR Collaborations for Achieving the SDGs
			Quality
			Ethics
			Power
			Organizational Support
			Process
		Concluding Summary
		References
	Trend Analysis for Sustainable Development
	Tripartite Partnerships: Promoting Sustainable Consumption in the Context of Brazil
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		Background
			Sustainable Consumption
			Brazil and Changes in Consumption Practices
			Progress Towards Effective Public, Public-Private, and Civil Society Partnerships
		Existing Bilateral Partnerships Between Societal Actors in Brazil
			Business-Government Partnerships
			Citizen-Business Partnerships
			Government-Citizen Partnerships
		Tripartite Model of Cross-sector Partnerships for Sustainable Consumption
			Settings and Processes of Tripartites
				Democratic Power Sharing
				Shared Motivation and Responsibility
				Localized, Relevant Action
			Progress Towards Forming Tripartite Partnerships
			Tripartites as a Means towards Sustainable Consumption
				Tripartites and the Circular Economy
			Potential Challenges
		Concluding Summary
		Cross-References
		References
U
	UN
	UN Agenda 2030
	UNDP
	Universal Health Coverage: Healthcare System for Universal Health Coverage Under Partnerships
		Synonyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		What Is the Universal Health Coverage?
			Achieving Health Equity
			UHC Index
			Sustainable Finance for UHC
		UHC for Sustainable Development
			Integrated People-Centered Health Services (IPCHS)
			Partnerships for UHC
			Moving Toward UHC
		Future Directions
		Cross-References
		References
	Universal Healthcare
	Universities
	Urban Governance
V
	Values-Based Investment
	Volunteering: Connecting the Global Agenda on Sustainability to the Community Level
		Definition
		Introduction
		A Snapshot into Volunteering Debates
		A Closer Look into ``Local´´ Complexities
		Volunteering in the Sustainable Development Global Agenda
		Local Volunteers as Valuable Assets for Community Development
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
W
	Water Safety Plans and Climate Change Mitigation
		Definition
		Introduction
		Background on Water Quality for Human Consumption
		About Water Safety Plans
		About Climate Change
			Impacts on Water Quality
			Impacts on Human Health
		Strategies to Implement a WSP in a Context of Climate Changes
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	Water Security
		Definition
		Introduction
			Why It Matters
		Water Influences on Mankind and Economic Development
			Freshwater
			Economic Development
			Natural Environment
		Partnership for Water Security
		Nature-Based Solutions
		Conclusions
		Cross-References
		References
	Women Activist Groups
	Women Caucuses
	Women Collectives
	Women Empowering Women
	Women Networks
	Women´s Movement(s)
	Women´s Rights Organizations
	Women-Led Alliances
	Women-Led Coalitions
	Women-Led Partnerships and the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals
		Synonyms
		Key Acronyms
		Definition
		Introduction
		History of Women-Led Partnerships
			Early Heritage and Work
			Efforts of Women-Led Groups to Institutionalize the Rights of Women
				Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
				The Beijing Platform for Action
				The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
				The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)
				The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
		Examples of Women-Led Partnerships
		Women-Led Partnerships and SDG 17: Implementation and Measurement
			The Impact of Women-Led Partnerships
			Challenges Faced by Women-Led Partnership
				Funding
				Lack of Inclusion in the Lexicon of the SDG 17
			Suggested Solutions
		The Debates
			Universalizing ``Women´´
			Commercializing Goals
		Conclusion
		Cross-References
		References
	World Council of Churches
Y
	Youth: Young People