Particulate Colloids

front cover......Page 1
copyright......Page 5
table of contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 14
Pragmatics and the study of grammar......Page 18
Competence and performance in theory and in method......Page 20
Pragmatics and the dynamicisation of grammar......Page 24
Focus and theory at the interfaces......Page 25
Fundamentals......Page 29
Inference and semantics......Page 33
Pragmatic contributions to prepositional semantics......Page 34
Pragmatics and the assumption of compositionality......Page 38
Consequences of compositionality: illustrations from domain restriction......Page 44
A comparability restriction in exclusive readings......Page 45
Domain restricting indexicals......Page 50
Semantics: what it means......Page 54
Summary 1......Page 55
2. Relevance Theory and Implications for Linguistic Structure......Page 58
Relevance Theory......Page 59
RT as a reduction of Gricean pragmatics......Page 65
Practical falsifiability......Page 67
Encoded meaning as constraints on inference......Page 69
Inference in the course of processing......Page 72
Syntax: static structures versus instructions for interpretation......Page 74
Static syntax is unnecessary......Page 75
Abstraction and the accessibility of the object of study......Page 79
Well-formedness without syntactic representations......Page 84
The argument from production and parsing......Page 85
Formal and informal analysis......Page 87
Summary 2......Page 89
The basic positions of the Hungarian sentence......Page 92
Immediately pre-verbal position......Page 94
The interpretation of focus......Page 96
Verbal modifiers......Page 98
Other PV elements......Page 101
'Single position' analyses......Page 102
The verb movement analysis......Page 106
Independent movement to multiple PV positions......Page 108
Summary: looking beyond conventional syntactic analysis......Page 110
Overview 4......Page 112
The meaning of'focus'......Page 113
Focus and the encoded/inferred distinction......Page 115
A dynamic, RT approach to English......Page 119
The general meaning of focus (and presupposition)......Page 121
There is no simple'focus position'......Page 123
Narrow' and 'broad' focus......Page 124
Exhaustivity: are there two kinds of focus?......Page 127
Encoded versus inferred exhaustive focus......Page 129
The case against inferred exhaustivity......Page 130
Exhaustivity as an inference in context......Page 133
Exhaustivity as an unmarked reading......Page 134
Dependence on (psychological) context......Page 135
Alternatives emerge from context......Page 136
Different contexts; different kinds of exhaustivity......Page 138
Non-exhaustive narrow foci are linguistically marked......Page 141
The it-cleft translation......Page 144
Quantity implicature......Page 147
Quantity implicature in RT......Page 149
The failure of encoded focus: the absence of exhaustivity......Page 152
Narrow focus and the presupposition of eventualities......Page 155
Non-exhaustive narrow foci and eventualities......Page 160
Summary 4......Page 162
Overview 5......Page 166
Szabolcsi (1997b)......Page 167
Against the PredOp/Focus distinction......Page 171
The apparent difference......Page 173
Numerals, narrow focus and scalar implicature......Page 176
The monotonicity constraint......Page 185
Witness set representations and information structure......Page 187
Constraints on PV......Page 188
Proportionality and PV......Page 189
The apparent counterexamples......Page 194
'Counterexample' 1: a complex determiner......Page 195
'Counterexample' 2: complex QNP-internal information structure......Page 196
'Counterexample'3: a different kind of proportionality......Page 198
Proportionals in PV and the idea of'counting'......Page 200
Contrastive focus on non-PV quantifiers......Page 201
Summary 5......Page 202
Overview 6......Page 204
Focus and focus frame as predicate and logical subject......Page 206
Main predication......Page 208
Basic inferences over main predicates......Page 209
Eventualities and structured meanings......Page 211
Eventuality-based semantics......Page 212
Herburger (2000): structured eventualities......Page 214
The creation of prepositional forms......Page 216
The epsilon operator......Page 218
The epsilon operator with event variables......Page 220
Hungarian syntax and main predication......Page 223
Topi>comment......Page 227
Narrow focus......Page 230
Two readings of main predicate verbs......Page 232
Summary 6......Page 234
Overview 7......Page 236
Verbal 'prefix'particles and resultatives......Page 238
Why the VM, not the verb, is the unmarked main predicate......Page 246
VMs as unmarked main predicates: empirical support......Page 252
Barenominals......Page 253
Adverbs......Page 258
Locatives......Page 264
Summary 7......Page 269
Overview 8......Page 272
The 'existential/evidential' and 'progressive' constructions......Page 273
The 'abstract operator' analysis......Page 274
The AspP analysis......Page 275
Explaining the'progressive construction'......Page 277
Explaining the'existential construction'......Page 282
Negation......Page 285
Negation and main predication......Page 288
'Constituent negation'......Page 290
Simple sentential negation......Page 292
Focus > nem > V......Page 294
Why nem is pre-verbal......Page 296
Negation and the interpretive relevance of lexicalisation......Page 298
Summary 8......Page 299
Theoretical concerns......Page 302
Empirical illustrations......Page 303
Implications and further research......Page 307
Bibliography......Page 312
Index......Page 324