Partial Discharges (PD). Detection, Identification, and Localization

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Author Biographies
Foreword
Symbols and Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Introduction
	1.1 Overview
	1.2 Acknowledgments
	1.3 Users
Chapter 2 Physical Behavior of Partial Discharges
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 External Discharges
	2.3 Internal Discharges
		2.3.1 Discharges in Liquid Insulation
		2.3.2 Discharges in Solid Insulation
	2.4 Gliding Discharges
	2.5 PD Quantities
	References
Chapter 3 Modeling of PD Behavior
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Network-Based Model
	3.3 Field-Based Model
		3.3.1 Stages of PD Behavior Modeling for DC Conditions
	References
Chapter 4 Measurement of Partial Discharges
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Signal Properties
		4.2.1 Device Under Test
		4.2.2 High Voltage Circuit
	4.3 Coupling Methods
		4.3.1 Capacitive Coupling with Measuring Impedance
		4.3.2 Inductive Coupling with High-Frequency Current Transformer
	4.4 Signal Processing
		4.4.1 Full Analog Processing
		4.4.2 Semi-Digital Processing
		4.4.3 Full Digital Processing
	4.5 Measurement Principles
		4.5.1 Narrow-Band Measurement
		4.5.2 Wide-Band Measurement
		4.5.3 Time Domain Integration
		4.5.4 Radio Interference Voltage (RIV) Measurement
		4.5.5 Synchronous Measurement for Multichannel Application
	4.6 Noise Suppression and Reduction
		4.6.1 Introduction
		4.6.2 Noise Sources
		4.6.3 Denoising Methods
	4.7 Visualization and Interpretation of PD Events
		4.7.1 Introduction
		4.7.2 Classical Methods
		4.7.3 Advanced Methods
		4.7.4 Pulse Sequence Analysis
	4.8 Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
		4.8.1 Introduction
		4.8.2 Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks
		4.8.3 Expert System
	4.9 Calibration
		4.9.1 Calibration of PD Measuring Circuit
		4.9.2 Performance Test of PD Calibrators
	References
Chapter 5 Electromagnetic Methods for PD Detection
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 PD Measurement by HF and VHF Sensors
		5.2.1 PD Measurement by CC
		5.2.2 PD Measurement by Inductive Couplers
		5.2.3 PD Measurement by DCS
	5.3 PD Measurement by UHF Method
		5.3.1 Theory
		5.3.2 UHF Sensors
		5.3.3 UHF PD Measurement System
		5.3.4 Application of UHF PD Measurement
	References
Chapter 6 Non-electrical Methods for PD Measurement
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Optical PD Measurement
		6.2.1 Theory
		6.2.2 Principle for Optical PD Measurement Technique
		6.2.3 Application of Optical PD Measurement
	6.3 Acoustic Emission PD Measurement
		6.3.1 Theory
		6.3.2 Acoustic Receivers and Acoustic Sensors
		6.3.3 Acoustic Noises in AE PD Measurement
		6.3.4 General Idea for AE PD Measurement
		6.3.5 Application of Acoustic PD Measurement for High-Voltage Apparatus
	6.4 Chemical Byproducts
		6.4.1 Theory
		6.4.2 Dissolved Gas Analysis for Liquid Insulation
		6.4.3 Decomposition Gas Analysis
		6.4.4 Ozone Measurement and Analysis for Air-Cooled Hydrogenerators
	References
Chapter 7 PD Localization
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 The Complexity of PD Localization
	7.3 Classification of PD Localization
		7.3.1 PD Localization for the Internal Insulation
		7.3.2 PD Localization for the External Insulation
	7.4 PD Localization Techniques for the Internal Insulation
		7.4.1 Pulse Time Arrival Method
		7.4.2 Auscultatory Method
		7.4.3 Triangulation Method
		7.4.4 Bouncing Particle Localization Method
	7.5 PD Localization Techniques for the External Insulation
		7.5.1 Application of the Corona Camera
		7.5.2 Application of the Airborne Acoustic Probe
	References
Chapter 8 PD Measurement Under Direct and Impulse Voltage Stress Conditions
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 PD Measurement at Direct Voltage Conditions
	8.3 PD Measurement at Impulse Voltage Conditions
		8.3.1 PD Measurement at Classical Impulse Voltage Conditions
		8.3.2 PD Measurement at Repetitive Pulse Voltage Conditions
	References
Chapter 9 Monitoring of PD Behavior
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 PD Monitoring
		9.2.1 Off-Line and On-Line PD Measurement
		9.2.2 PD Monitoring System
	9.3 Application of PD Monitoring
		9.3.1 Application of PD Monitoring for the Existing High-Voltage Equipment
		9.3.2 Application of PD Monitoring for the New Equipment Supporting Smart Grid
	9.4 Challenges for PD Monitoring in Future
	References
Chapter 10 Evaluation of PDs
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 In-House and On-Site PD Testing
		10.2.1 In-House PD Testing
		10.2.2 On-Site PD Testing
	10.3 How to Evaluate PD Test Results
	10.4 Effect of PD on Insulation Degradation
	10.5 Integrity of PD Measurement
	10.6 PD Quantity
		10.6.1 Discharge Magnitude
		10.6.2 PDIV, PDEV, and Other PD Quantities
		10.6.3 PD Quantity as Criteria for Evaluation of Insulation Condition
	10.7 PD Patterns
	10.8 PD Signal in Time Domain and Frequency Domain Analysis
	10.9 PD Source as Criteria for Evaluation of Insulation Condition
	10.10 Noise Patterns and Noise Reduction
		10.10.1 Noise Patterns
		10.10.2 Noise Reduction
	10.11 Effective Evaluation of PD Phenomena
	References
Chapter 11 Standards
	11.1 Standards
	11.2 Technical Brochures
	11.3 Books
	References
Chapter 12 Conclusions and Outlook
Index
EULA