Pandemic Medicine: Why the Global Innovation System Is Broken, and How We Can Fix It (Advances in International Political Economy)

Cover
Title page
copyright page
Contents
Acknowledgments
Ch1- An Innovation Commons: The Global System for New Drug Discovery
	Sandboxes and Pools
	Figure 1.1 Typology of Innovation System Architectures (TISA)
	Innovation Crisis in the Covid-19 Pandemic
	Innovation Commons and Human Health
	The State and the (Pharma) Firm: The Rise of the Global Patent System
	Figure 1.2 Drug Discovery by Type
	Medicine and Pandemics: The Need to Save Biological Materials and the Knowledge About Them
	Natural Medicines and the Innovation Commons
	The Promise of Biologics: Traditional Medicines and Their (Plant) Biological Materials
	Table 1.1 Key Multilateral Policies Related to Natural Medicines
	Patents in Perpetuity
	Figure 1.3 Natural Medicines in the Innovation Commons: Issue Areas (multilateral organization domain)
	Innovation Systems
	Toward an Open Architecture of Innovation
	Methods
	Chapter Previews
	Notes
Ch2- Twilight of the (Big Pharma) Gods: The Rise and Decline of Innovation
	Global Pharmaceutical Industry
	Figure 2.1 Access to Medicines: Who Can Afford What?
	Big Pharma Lobby Versus Humanity
	Promises and Limitations of Current Research
	Innovation Architecture
	The Typology of Innovation System Architectures: A TISA Framework
	Clarification of Terms
	Innovation in the Drug (Re)Discovery Pipeline: Commons and Anticommons
	Figure 2.2 Drugs and Medicines Composition
	Table 2.1 Innovation: Levels of Policy and Practice
	A Call to Action
	Emergent Organizations and System-Level Transformation
	PPPs as Part of the Policy Menu
	Notes
Ch3- Books of Remedies: China’s Drug (Re)Discovery Politics
	Historical-Institutional Background
	TCM and SARS/Coronavirus
	Table 3.1 Innovation Policies for New Drug Discovery in China
	China’s Health Diplomacy
	Health Insurance Coverage
	State-Owned Enterprises and Public-Private Partnerships
	Figure 3.1 Inclusive Innovation in New Drug Discovery: China State and PPPs
	Yiling Pharmaceutical
	Global Health Drug Discovery Institute
	Community-Based Access to Medicines and Economic Development
	Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge
	National Registry for Traditional Chinese Medicine
	Conclusion
	Notes
Ch4- The Turmeric War: India Takes on the World Trade Organization and Big Pharma
	Historical-Institutional Background
	Figure 4.1 Inclusive Innovation in New Drug Discovery: India State and PPPs
	Table 4.1 Innovation Policies for New Drug Discovery in India
	Health Insurance Coverage
	The Indian State and PPPs
	Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
	Honey Bee Network
	Open Source Drug Discovery
	Deo Rahati, Sacred Groves
	Conclusion
	Notes
Ch5- Medicine Gardens: Japan’s Investment in New Drug Discovery
	Historical-Institutional Background
	Organizations and PPPs
	Figure 5.1 Inclusive Innovation in New Drug Discovery: Japan State and PPPs
	Table 5.1 Innovation Policies for New Drug Discovery in Japan
	Health Insurance Coverage
	Natural Medicine Innovation
	Japan Biodiversity Fund andthe Satoyama Initiative
	Table 5.2 Inclusive Innovation in Drug (Re)Discovery: State and Private-Sector Responses to Market Failure
	Takeda Garden for Medicinal Plant Conservation, Kyoto
	Global Health Innovative Technology Fund
	Conclusion
	Notes
Ch6- A Way Forward: Bringing Innovative Solutions to Global Human Health Problems
	From Tragedy of the Commons to Public Innovation Commons
	Figure 6.1 Typology of Innovation Architecture: Cases in TISA Quadrants
	Conclusion
	Notes
Acronyms
References
Index
About the Book