Padrões Sociolinguísticos

Front page
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
INTRODUCTION
1. The Social Motivation of a Sound Change
	The Island of Martha's Vineyard
	Selection of the Linguistic Variable
	The History of Centralized Diphthongs
	The Investigation of (ay) and (aw)
	Scales of Measurement
	The Linguistic Environment
	Possible Explanations for a Rise in Centralization
	The Interaction of Linguistic and Social Patterns
	Centralization among Other Ethnic Groups
	The Social Meaning of Centralization
	The Intersection of Social and Linguistic Structures
	Limitations of This Study
2. The Social Stratification of (r) in New York City Department Stores
	The Method
	Overall Stratification of (r)
	The Effect of Other Independent Variables
	Differentiation by Age of the Informants
	Some Methodological Directions
3. The Isolation of Contextual Styles
	The Five Phonological Variables
	Contextual Styles
	The Problem of Casual Speech
	Channel Cues for Casual Speech
	The Array of Stylistic Variation
	The Structure of Stylistic Variation
4. The Reflection of Social Processes in Linguistic Structures
5. Hypercorrection by the Lower Middle Class as a Factor in Linguistic Change
	Hypercorrect Behavior of the Lower Middle Class
	Hypersensitivity of the Lower Middle Class in Subjective Reactions
	Linguistic Insecurity of the Lower Middle Class
	The Role of the Lower Middle Class in Linguistic Change
	The Role of Hypercorrection in the Mechanism of Linguistic Change
6. Subjective Dimensions of a Linguistic Change in Progress
	Appendix A
7. On the Mechanism of Linguistic Change
	A Strategy for the Study of Linguistic Changes in Progress
	The Observation of Sound Change
	The Centralization of (aw) on Martha's Vineyard
	The Raising of (oh) in New York City
	The Mechanism of Sound Change
	Conclusion
8. The Study of Language in Its Social Context
	The Saussurian Approach to "Langue"
	Problems in Dealing with Speech
	Problems in the Study of Intuitions
	The Object of Linguistic Description: "Dialect" and "Idiolect"
	Problems in the Relation of Theory to Data
	The Direct Study of the Linguistic Data
	Resolution of Problems in the Study of Everyday Language
	Sources for the Study of Language in its Social Context
	1. Methodology
	2. Resolving Problems of Linguistic Structure
	3. Sociolinguistic Structure
	The Role of Social Factors in Linguistic Change
	4. Some Invariant Rules of Discourse Analysis
	5. The State of Linguistics
9. The Social Setting of Linguistic Change
	The Linguistic View of Language as a Social Fact
	Three Substantive Questions on Linguistic Change
	3. The Study of Sound Change in Progress: the Uniformitarian Principle
	4. The Embedding of Linguistic Change in its Social Context
	5. The Evaluation Problem: Subjective Reactions to Linguistic Change
	6. The Actuation Problem
	7. The Place of Social Variation in the  Life History of a Linguistic Change
	8. Doubts on the Level of Abstraction Affected by Social Factors
	9. Is There An Adaptive Function to Linguistic Diversity?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX