Oxygen Transport to Tissue XLIII

Organization ISOTT 2021
Awards
Preface
In Memoriam: David Keith Harrison (1951–2021)
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: Brain
	Involvement of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cerebral Microcirculation and Oxygenation in Traumatic Brain Injury
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusions
		References
	Imaging Cerebral Energy Metabolism in Healthy Infants
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
			2.1	 Instrumentation
			2.2	 Protocol and Measurements
			2.3	 Data Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	Changes in Cerebral Oxygenation and Systemic Physiology During a Verbal Fluency Task: Differences Between Men and Women
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Subjects and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	Brain Tissue Conductivity in Focal Cerebral Ischemia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Material and Methods
			2.1	 Surgery
			2.2	 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
			2.3	 Electric Properties Reconstruction
			2.4	 Image Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Physical Stress Attenuates Cognitive Inhibition: An fNIRS Examination
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Participants
			2.2	 Cold Pressor Task (CPT) and Stroop Test
			2.3	 Procedural Flow
			2.4	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
			3.1	 sAA Characteristics
			3.2	 Stroop Test Results
			3.3	 fNIRS Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Oxygenation During Tilt Table Orthostatic Hypotension in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Patients
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Subjects
			2.2	 Study Design
			2.3	 Data Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Effects of Different Optical Properties of Head Tissues on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Using Monte Carlo Simulations
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Material and Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	Frontal Cerebral Oxygenation in Humans at Rest: A Mirror Symmetry in the Correlation with Cardiorespiratory Activity
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Subjects and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion, Conclusion and Outlook
		References
	Photomodulation of Lymphatic Delivery of Bevacizumab to the Brain: The Role of Singlet Oxygen
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
			3.1	 Lymphatic Delivery of BMZ into the Meninges
			3.2	 Photostimulation of Lymphatic Delivery of BMZ into the Brain Parenchyma
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusions
		References
	NIRS-Based Study of Local Cerebral Oxygenation During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Study Design
			2.2	 Population
			2.3	 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
			2.4	 Local Cerebral Oxygenation
			2.5	 Statistical Analysis and Endpoints
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	Postnatal Exposure to Brief Hypoxia Alters Brain VEGF Expression and Capillary Density in Adult Mice
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 P2 Hypoxic Exposure
			2.2	 Determination of Cerebral Capillary Density
			2.3	 Determination of VEGF Expression
			2.4	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Impaired Cognitive Performance in Mice Exposed to Prolonged Hyperoxia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Exposure to Chronic Hyperoxia
			2.2	 Measurement of Cognitive and Motor Functions
			2.3	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
			3.1	 Physiologic Variables
			3.2	 Y-Maze Test
			3.3	 Rotarod and Grip Strength Tests
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Chronic Ketosis Modulates HIF1α-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Rat Brain
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Motor Imagery and Frontal Head Oxygenation: An fNIRS Study
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Subjects and Protocol and Imagery Task
			2.2	 Motor Imagery Rating Scale
		3	 Result
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		6	 Limitations of the Study
		References
Part II: Clinical Application
	Non-invasive Detection of Persistent Cortical Hypoxia in Multiple Sclerosis Using Frequency Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fdNIRS)
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	Evaluation of Intraoperative End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Change Relates to Length Hospitalisation in Peridiaphragmatic Surgery: A Pilot Study
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients Is Not Related to a Deterioration of Tissue Oxygenation
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Cardiovascular Risk Score and Pulmonary Gas Exchange in COVID-19 Patients Show No Correlation
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Heme Oxygenase-1/High Mobility Group Box 1 Pathway May Have a Possible Role in COVID-19 ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome): A Pilot Histological Study
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	Silent Hypoxemia in COVID-19 Pneumonia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Low Flow and Microvascular Shunts: A Final Common Pathway to Cerebrovascular Disease: A Working Hypothesis
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Evidence on Microvascular Shunts
		3	 Low Blood Flow and Shear Rate on Endothelial Function
		4	 Low Blood Flow and MVS in the Final Common Pathway in Cerebrovascular Disease
		References
	A Case of Intracranial Vertebral Artery Stenosis Treated with Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stenting Guided by Brain Oximetry
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Case Presentation
			2.2	 Surgical Treatment Using the Brain Oximeter
		3	 Result
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	Assessment of Optimal Arterial Pressure with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusions
		References
	Effects of Exercise-Diet Therapy on Cognitive Function in Healthy Elderly People Evaluated by Deep Learning Based on Basic Blood Test Data
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Subjects and Study Protocol
			2.2	 Blood Test
			2.3	 Deep Learning-Based Assessment of Cognitive Function
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	NIRS Studies Show Reduced Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis That Exhibit Cortical Hypoxia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Participants
			2.2	 Protocol and Devices
			2.3	 Data Processing
			2.4	 Statistical Processing
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusions
		References
	Eye Tracking Parameters Correlate with the Level of Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Study
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
			2.1	 Study Design and Population
			2.2	 Eye Tracking Configuration
			2.3	 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
			2.4	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	Critical Closing Pressure of Cerebral Circulation at Concomitant Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Population
			2.2	 Critical Closing Pressure Calculation
			2.3	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Methods
	Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (hCNN) for Image Reconstruction in Near-Infrared Optical Tomography
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	Cross-Frequency Coupling Between Brain and Body Biosignals: A Systemic Physiology Augmented Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Material and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Machine Learning Distinguishes Familiar from Unfamiliar Pairs of Subjects Performing an Eye Contact Task: A Systemic Physiology Augmented Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Material and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion, Conclusions and Outlook
		References
	Assessing Neurovascular Coupling Using Wavelet Coherence in Neonates with Asphyxia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	Basic Examination of Haemoglobin Phase of Oxygenation and Deoxygenation in Resting State and Task Periods in Adults Using fNIRS
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Participants
			2.2	 fNIRS Device and Data Acquisition
			2.3	 Experimental Paradigm
			2.4	 Data Analysis
		3	 Results
			3.1	 hPod Vector Representation (Main hPod)
			3.2	 Dynamic Changes in hPod (Dynamic hPod)
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	Development and Validation of Robust and Cost-Effective Liquid Heterogeneous Phantom for Time Domain Near-Infrared Optical Tomography
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Method
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	Effect of Exercise Therapy on Stress Response Evaluated by IoMT Monitoring System
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Subjects and Study Protocol
			2.2	 System Design
			2.3	 Data Processing
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Improved Optical Tissue Model for Tissue Oximetry Imaging Applications
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 One-Layer Model
			2.2	 Quasi Two-Layer Model
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	In Vitro Validation of a New Tissue Oximeter Using Visible Light
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	Photon and Proton Dose Painting Based on Oxygen Distribution – Feasibility Study and Tumour Control Probability Assessment
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		4	 Conclusions
		References
Part IV: Tumor Oxygenations
	Effect of Acidosis-Induced Signalling Pathways on Mitochondrial O2 Consumption of Tumour Cells
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Cell Line
			2.2	 Experimental Settings
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	Feasibility of Non-invasive Measurement of Tumour NAD(H) by In Vivo Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		References
	Acidosis-Induced Regulation of Egr1 and Ccn1 In Vitro and in Experimental Tumours In Vivo
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Cell Culture and In Vivo Tumour Models
			2.2	 Experimental Settings
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	Perfusion-Limited Hypoxia Determines the Outcome of Radiation Therapy of Hypoxic Tumours
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	Improved Oxygenation of Human Skin, Subcutis and Superficial Cancers Upon Mild Hyperthermia Delivered by WIRA-Irradiation
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Delivery of wIRA-Hyperthermia
			2.2	 Non-invasive Monitoring of Skin Surface Temperatures (Thermography)
			2.3	 Minimally Invasive Measurement of Tissue Temperatures (Thermometry) and Tissue Oxygenation
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	Blood Supply and Oxygenation Status of the Liver: From Physiology to Malignancy
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Hepatic Blood Flow and Oxygen Supply
		3	 Hepatic pO2 Distribution
		4	 Oxygenation of Metastatic Lesions in the Liver
		5	 Oxygenation of HCCs
		6	 Severe Hypoxia in HCCs: Fact or Myth?
		References
	Optical Redox Imaging Is Responsive to TGFβ Receptor Signalling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		References
	Evaluation of Betulinic Acid Derivatives as PET Tracers for Hypoxia-Induced Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA IX) Expression
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Cell Line
			2.2	 Tracer Synthesis
			2.3	 Experimental Settings
		3	 Results
			3.1	 Cellular Metabolism CA IX Expression
			3.2	 Tracer Binding on Tumour Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	Role of the mTOR Signalling Pathway During Extracellular Acidosis in Tumour Cells
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Cell Line
			2.2	 Experimental Settings
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusion
		References
Part V: Tissue Oxygenation
	Feasibility Study of Remote Contactless Perfusion Imaging with Consumer-Grade Mobile Camera
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	Stability of a Novel PEGylation Site on a Putative Haemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Oxygen Storage in Stacked Phospholipid Membranes Under an Oxygen Gradient as a Model for Myelin Sheaths
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methodology
		3	 Results and Discussion
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	Confocal Laser and Electron Microscopic Investigation of Gap Junctions in Anaplastic Astrocytomas
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	A Radiation Biological Analysis of the Oxygen Effect as a Possible Mechanism in FLASH
		1	 Introduction and Background
		2	 The Biological Impact of Oxygen on the Radiation Response of Cells and Tissues
		3	 The Chemical Basis of Oxygen Impacting the Radiation Response of Cells and Tissues
		4	 Key Variables to Investigate Whether Impact of FLASH on Outcomes Is Related to Oxygen
			4.1	 Amount of DNA Radical Available for Interaction with Oxygen
			4.2	 Amount of Oxygen Available to React with the DNA Radical
		5	 Discussion
		6	 Conclusions
		References
	Assessment of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Human Tissues by In Vivo Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging at 1.5 Tesla
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		References
	Drag-Reducing Polymers Improve Vascular Hemodynamics and Tissue Oxygen Supply in Mouse Model of Diabetes Mellitus
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	Haemorheologic Enhancement of Cerebral Perfusion Improves Oxygen Supply and Reduces Aβ Plaques Deposition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	Calorimetric Characterisation of the Binding Reaction Between Human Ferric Haemoglobins and Haptoglobin to Develop a Drug for Removal of Cell-Free Haemoglobin
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	Feasibility to Measure Tissue Oxygen Saturation Using Textile-Integrated Polymer Optical Fibers
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
		3	 Results and Discussion
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	Effect of Atorvastatin on Microcirculation Evaluated by Vascular Occlusion Test with Peripheral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Subjects
			2.2	 Material and Methods
			2.3	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Flow Characteristics of the Conjugate of Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibodies and Magnetic Nanoparticle in PBS and Blood Vessels
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Materials and Methods
		3	 Experimental Results and Discussion
		4	 Conclusions
		References
	Cerebrovascular Reserve (CVR) and Stages of Hemodynamic Compromise
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Material and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	On the Mechanism of Sustained Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Without Functioning Complex IV
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussions
		References
	Further Evidence that Gradients of Extracellular pH Direct Migration of MDA-MB-231 Cells In Vitro
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussions
		References
	Blood Flow and Respiratory Gas Exchange in the Human Placenta at Term: A Data Update
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Basic Morphology of the Mature Placenta
		4	 Utero-placental and Foeto-placental Units: Blood Flow and Differential Oxygen Affinity of Haemoglobin
		5	 Key Parameters of the O2 Supply to the Term Foetus
		6	 Facilitation of O2 Transfer to the Foetus
		7	 Key Parameters Governing the CO2 Transfer from the Foeto-placental Compartment into the Maternal Blood
		8	 Facilitation of CO2 Transfer from the Foetus into the Maternal Blood
		9	 Foetal Respiratory Quotient
		10	 Key Conclusions
		References
	Oxyhaemoglobin Level Measured Using Near-Infrared Spectrometer Is Associated with Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction After Cardiac Arrest in Rats
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Animal Preparation
			2.2	 Isolation of Mitochondria and Evaluation of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function
			2.3	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	Changes in Oxygenation Levels During Moderate Altitude Simulation (Hypoxia-Induced): A Pilot Study Investigating the Impact of Skin Pigmentation in Pulse Oximetry
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Material and Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
Part VI: Muscle
	The Intramuscular Circulation Is Affected by Neck and Shoulder Pain
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Participants
			2.2	 Experimental Procedure
			2.3	 NIRS Measurements
			2.4	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Intramuscular Circulation of the Lumbar Multifidus in Different Trunk Positions on Standing
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Participants
			2.2	 Experimental Procedure
			2.3	 NIRS Measurements
			2.4	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Numerical Optimisation of a NIRS Device for Monitoring Tissue Oxygen Saturation
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Optimising a Sensor for a Specific Tissue Physiology
			2.2	 A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Finding a General Solution
		3	 Results
			3.1	 SGDm
			3.2	 Genetic Algorithm
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Upper Trapezius Muscle Tonicity, Assessed by Palpation, Relates to Change in Tissue Oxygenation and Structure as Measured by Time-Domain Near Infrared Spectroscopy
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Perceived Exertion Correlates with Multiple Physiological Parameters During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Participants
			2.2	 Experimental Procedure
			2.3	 NIRS Measurements
			2.4	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Systemic and Quadriceps Muscle O2 Dynamics in Subjects Without Attenuation Point of Deoxygenated Haemoglobin Concentration During Ramp Cycling Exercise
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
			2.1	 Subjects
			2.2	 Experimental Design
			2.3	 Statistical Analysis
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Jaw-Clenching Intensity Effects on Masseter Oxygen Dynamics and Fatigue: A NIRS Oximetry Study
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods
		3	 Results
		4	 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
Index