Oxide Minerals-Petrologic and Magnetic Significance

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	Titles
		REVIEWS in MINERALOGY
		Volume 25
		OXIDE MINERALS:
		The authors:
		Subir Banerjee
		B. Ronald Frost
		Mark S. Ghiorso
		Series Editor:
		J. Nell
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		OXIDE MINERALS: PETROLOGIC
		iii
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		TABLE OF CONTENTS
		vii
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		40 Rutile
		40 Pseudorutile
		40 Anatase
		42 Brookite
		43 Ilmenite, solid solutions and related phases
		43 Pseudobrookite solid solutions
		47 Tetraavalent manganese oxides and oxyhydroxides
		47 Pyrolusite
		47 Rarnsdellite
		47 Nsutite
		47 Hollandite and related phases
		51 Romanechite
		51 Todorokite
		52 Chalcophanite
		53 Birnessite
		54 Buserite
		54 Asbolane
		54 Vemadite
		55 Lithiophorite
		55 Bixbyite
		55 Groutite and feitknechtite
		55 Manganosite
		56 Corundum
		56 Boehmite and diaspore
		56 Pyrochlore group
		58 Columbite-tantalite group
		59 Perovskites
		59 Uraninite
		Chapter 3 Donald H. Lindsley
		EXPERIMENT AL STUDIES OF OXIDE MINERALS
		69 Synthesis vs. phase equilibrium
		70 Control of experimental conditions
		70 Oxygen fugacity
		70 Container problem
		71 Minerals and phases considered
		72 Fe-Ojoin
		72 Witstite
		72 Thermodynamically impossible diagram for wiistite
		73 Effects of high pressures on wustite
		73 Magnetite
		73 FeZ03 in magnetite
		73 Hematite
		74 Melting of iron oxides in the presence ofC-O vapor
		74 Ti02
		viii
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		Chapter 8 Benjamin P. Burton
		THE INTERPLAY OF CHEMICAL AND MAGNETIC ORDERING
		Chapter 9
		R. O. Sack & M. S. Ghiorso
		CHROMITE AS A PETROGENETIC INDICATOR
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		xii
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		Chapter 1
		B. Ronald Frost
		INTRODUCTION TO OXYGEN FUGACITY
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		2
		-60 , ; , ,.- ,-.-.-.-, -.,..-.-.-'- .. oJ ••• I •• 0'
		200 400 600 800 1000 1200°C
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		Equilibria
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		(a)
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		IRON OXIDES
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		IRON OXYHYDROXIDES
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		(b)
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REV025C002_p39-68.pdf
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			Yemadite
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			B
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			-A
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			BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
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		Chapter 3
		Donald H. Lindsley
		EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF OXIDE MINERALS
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		B
		To 0-
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		0.90
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		74
		1.0
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		was + yFe /
		was + eFe
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		90
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		91
		To Gk
		A
		NNO
		T inOC
		To Hem '70 ' 80 90 11m
		j""Ti.so·' \M -;0"
		s Data from Speidel (1970) To Usp-
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		92
		K • (~'fd';;(~Vlm
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		v.T .lv ..
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		96
		1600
		u
		1400
		1200
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		0.4
		SP .. + Cor
		0.6
		0.8
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		1 Kbar
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		1200
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		0.6
		B
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		UsP .. + lie ..
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		1000
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		/ I
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		A
		97
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		80
		1400
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		1200
		1000
		20
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		Qan .. + SP ..
		40 60
		MOL %
		80
		B
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		98
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		One Spinel
		MgAI20.. Mg 2 TiO ..
		Mole %
		99
		900
		800
		u
		o 700
		~
		,_
		600
		500
		FRK
		20
		40 60
		Mol %
		80
		GAH
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		100
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		Chapter 4
		Subir K. Banerjee
		MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF FE- TI OXIDES
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		ANTIFERROMAGNETISM
		r 1
		FERRlMAGNETISM
		FERROMAGNETISM
		r r
		115
		1
		o
		T(K)
		1
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		T(K)
		1
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		T (K)
		Mn
		o
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		o
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		---tr
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		o
		....
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		(>1) .1
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		100
		A
		200 300 400
		Temperature CC)
		500
		600
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		Chapter 5
		Stephen E. Haggerty
		OXIDE TEXTURES - A MINI-ATLAS
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		Chapter 6
		M. S. Ghiorso & R. O. Sack
		THERMOCHEMISTRY OF THE OXIDE MINERALS
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		o
		I-
		0.1
		0.3 0.5 0.7
		Mole fraction
		0.9
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		(1)
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		60
		I fer rites I
		Ichromates I
		I titanates I
		o --FeAI204
		1000
		1400
		PC
		0.1
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		>­
		....
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		(2)
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		I Rhombohedral Oxides I
		(3a)
		I-X
		solution; it follows from Equation (2) that
		A B
		(3b)
		(3c)
		where Equation (3a) incorporates the observation (Ishikawa 1958a, b) that ferric iron ex­
		xconr A A B B A A
		(4)
		or altematively,
		-conf X + s X - s
		where R is the universal gas constant.
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		lao) X + s 1
		(a2o)1 1
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		s
		I-
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		(9)
		- (ao I (ao I
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		- (02 G I (02 G I ( 02 G I (0 sl
		T[S* S* R I s (1 + S)] (~l
		[-* -* s (1 + S)j
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		235
		1400
		NMR
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		300
		250
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		300 700 1100
		400 1000 1600 2200
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		236
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		(aGHm I = 0 = 2 A(T) m + 4 B m3
		m=O
		(22)
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		K - ( nv )( nr )
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		MgCr204
		23
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		+
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		+
Page 31
	Titles
		251
		...
		...
		o
		'"
		If
Page 32
	Titles
		252
Page 33
	Titles
		I Fe· Mg • Mn - Ti Rhombohedral Oxides I
		253
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 34
	Titles
		254
Page 35
	Titles
		255
		+
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Page 36
	Titles
		256
Page 37
	Titles
		257
		1.8
		0.2
		o
		'"
		.f 1.0
		0.6
		0.2
		0.4
		0.4
		0.6 0.8
		0.6 0.8
		0.2
		0.2
		0.4
		0.4
		0.6 0.8
		0.6 0.8
		FeTi03
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 38
	Titles
		258
Page 39
	Titles
		259
		Table 10, Standard state thermodynamic properties of selected oxide minerals:
		.
		Enthalpies of formation, entropies of formation and lattice and magnetic heat capacity functions (Cp) for
		temperatures greater than 298 K and pressures of lOS Pascals, From Berman (1988), Ghiorso (1990a)
		Table 11. Standard state thermodynamic properties of selected oxide minerals:
		Volumes for temperatures greater than 298 K and pressures of 105 Pascals,
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 40
	Titles
		260
Page 41
	Titles
		261
		a
		..
		:;j
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 42
	Titles
		262
Page 43
	Titles
		263
Page 44
	Titles
		264
Page 1
	Titles
		Chapter 7
		B. J. Wood, J. Nell & A. B. Woodland
		MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 2
	Titles
		(4)
		266
		i J
		o
		(7)
Page 3
	Titles
		(8)
		267
Page 4
	Titles
		268
Page 5
	Titles
		269
Page 6
	Titles
		270
		Spinel-Oxide Cr-AI Partitioning
		Activity - Composition Relations
		0.8
		0.6
		0.4
		0.2
		Ideal Solution
		1.0
		0.8
		0.6
		0.4
		0.2
		0.0
		Mole Fraction MgAI204
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 7
	Titles
		271
		a b
Page 8
	Titles
		272
		Hercynite-Magnetite Miscibility Gap
		900~------------------------~~
		(a)
		2 Phases
		1 Phase
		600
		o
		~ 800
		CiS
		...
		E 700
		{!!.
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 9
	Titles
		273
Page 10
	Titles
		274
Page 11
	Titles
		275
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 12
	Titles
		276
		lfOz
Page 13
	Titles
		277
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 14
	Titles
		278
Page 15
	Titles
		279
		RHOMBOHEDRAL OXIDES
Page 16
	Titles
		280
Page 17
	Titles
		281
		In = 445 (1 _ X )2
		Xilm
		(31)
Page 18
	Titles
		282
		Olivine-Ilmenite Fe-Mg Partitioning
		0.8
		0.6
		0.4
		0.2
		12000+-~~-'--~~.-~~--r-~~-r~--~
		16000
		Mg/Mg+Fe
		Ilmenite
		Hematite-Ilmenite Phase Diagram
		Ordered
		Disordered
		800
		1200
		1000
		o
		....
		::l
		-
		...
		I--
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 19
	Titles
		283
Page 20
	Titles
		284
Page 21
	Titles
		285
		k [2 Fe3+]
		Q = -eln Fe2+
Page 22
	Titles
		286
		Magnetite Thermopower
		Inverse
		(a)
		Random
		-130 .I. -
		400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
		Temperature C
		Cation concentrations
		0.0 +-__,....--,.-...--r-~-......-......--~--....-~-.--I
		400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
		Temperature C
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 23
	Titles
		µV/K
		287
		i-l
Page 24
	Titles
		288
		a
		......
		~
		.....
		>
		o
Page 25
	Titles
		289
		sn 7n gn
		1/Tx 104(K)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 26
	Titles
		290
Page 27
	Titles
		291
		o
		a
		o~~~----~----~~----~~ ~~ __ ~~ ~
Page 28
	Titles
		292
		T ('C)
		(mt)x (hcrr-«
		1 IT x 104 (K)
		Explanation
		ion tet. site oct. site
		T = 1 000· C Aloel
		c
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 29
	Titles
		293
		......
		~
		>
		......
		o
Page 30
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 31
	Titles
		295
		5
		'0
		_g -5
		,_.,
		C
		J3 -15
		E-< -25
		~
		-35
		-45
		-55
		o
Page 32
	Titles
		296
		-RT In g
		(40)
Page 33
	Titles
		297
		10r---------------------------------------~
		composition (x)
		.....
		o
		-.
		~
		5
		o
		-5
		-15
		-20
		+
		system
		()
		T=10000C
		0: = 33.75
		/3 = -26.36
		)
		0.5
		0.6
		0.7
		0.8
		0.9
		1.0
		Degree of inversion
		Table 3. Free energy parameters for spinel disorder (kJ)
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 34
	Titles
		298
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 35
	Titles
		299
		SUMMARY
Page 36
	Titles
		300
Page 37
	Titles
		301
Page 38
	Titles
		302
Page 1
	Titles
		Chapter 8 Benjamin P. Burton
		THE INTERPLAY OF CHEMICAL
		AND MAGNETIC ORDERING
Page 2
	Titles
		304
Page 3
	Titles
		305
		T
		a.
		\ Ap
		,
		,
		Am?\ I
		... ,
		... ,
		.... \ Tc
		! ,
		. ,
		. Am + B ,
		T
		0-+---------'
		0-+------------'
		o
		x
		o
		x
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 4
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 5
	Titles
		307
Page 6
	Titles
		308
Page 7
	Titles
		b.
		x
		a., , b.
		c.
		G
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 8
	Titles
		310
Page 9
Page 10
	Titles
		312
Page 11
	Titles
		Atomic Fraction Mo
		313
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 12
	Titles
		314
		Mol Fraction CoO
		o
		Mol Fraction NiO
		"
		.......... " .
		...... ::.~ ....
		"
		Mol Fraction CoO
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 13
	Titles
		315
Page 14
	Titles
		316
		b.
		AF
		R3
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 15
	Titles
		317
		Mol% Fe2Ti04
		""--"',
		04~ I CHEM+MAG \-
		r >< 1
		: '-:- CHEM :
		-2 I,I""J""""""I""""'I""""'I'''''''!''I
		o
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 16
	Titles
		318
Page 17
	Titles
		319
		REFERENCES
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 18
	Titles
		320
Page 19
	Titles
		321
Page 20
Page 1
	Titles
		Chapter 9
		R. O. Sack & M. S. Ghiorso
		CHROMITE AS A PETROGENETIC INDICA TOR
Page 2
	Titles
		324
Page 3
	Titles
		325
		LlG-(3)}
Page 4
	Titles
		326
Page 5
	Titles
		327
		-15
		-25
		-15
		-5
		wgUM (kJ)
		5
		15
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 6
	Titles
		328
Page 7
	Titles
		329
Page 8
	Titles
		0.1
		0.2
		0.3
		{Fe/(Fe+Mg)} OL
	Tables
		Table 1
		Table 2
Page 9
	Titles
		331
Page 10
	Titles
		332
		s
		v
		5QO
		600
		700
		roc
		800
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 17
	Titles
		449
Page 18
	Titles
		450
Page 19
	Titles
		451
		-- __
		"1- 2Y1!s2J'1j
		I __
		I
		I
		I'-v--'I
		I I
		I I
		I I
		I I
		I I
		--t-----=-:- -
		___ l ~
		0.0 .-
		0'" 1.0
		.....
		700
		800
		900
		Toe
		3 .-
		o'
		....
		0'-
		""~
		'- _--
		-2~--~~--------~----------~----------~----------~
		1100
		900
		000
		1000
		Toe
Page 20
	Titles
		452
Page 21
	Titles
		453
Page 22
	Titles
		454
		o
		b
		..
		o
		-
		-3~~ __ ~~ __ ~~~~~ __ ~~~
		0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 23
	Titles
		455
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 24
	Titles
		456
Page 25
	Titles
		457
		><
		ci
		o
		ci
		0\ -t 11m -t Nc
		o
		o
		e
		E~
		.l'l
		19
	Tables
		Table 1
Page 26
	Titles
		458
Page 27
	Titles
		( .
Page 28
	Titles
		460
Page 29
	Titles
		461
		<
Page 15
	Titles
		483
		REFERENCES
Page 16
	Titles
		484
Page 17
	Titles
		485
Page 18
	Titles
		486
Page 19
	Titles
		487
Page 20
Page 1
	Titles
		Chapter 14
		B. Ronald Frost
		MAGNETIC PETROLOGY: FACTORS THAT CONTROL
Page 2
	Titles
		490
		o
		,
Page 3
	Titles
		491
Page 4
	Titles
		1100
		1000
		U40
		195
		900
		(2) relatively
		initial conditions
		oxidized
		--­
		__ cooling trend
		...... -;- ;-r -,- .-,_ -. hematite-ilmenite solvus
		...-
		conditions far ilmenite-
		hematite exsolunon .1.': ••••
		KUJIB cooling trend .....
		__ .
		conditions far axyexsolulion
		<:r>. ..... -;.::
		, ". -...:_'-.. ' -:-- , .......
		t
		2 0
		0>