Oxford Textbook of Medicine

cover
Oxford Textbook of Medicine
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
Section editors
Contents
List of abbreviations
List of contributors
SECTION 10 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
	10.1 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning— Introduction 1637
	10.2 Occupational health 1638
		10.2.1 Occupational and environmental health 1638
		10.2.2 Occupational safety 1652
		10.2.3 Aviation medicine 1656
		10.2.4 Diving medicine 1664
		10.2.5 Noise 1671
		10.2.6 Vibration 1673
	10.3 Environment and health 1677
		10.3.1 Air pollution and health 1677
		10.3.2 Heat 1687
		10.3.3 Cold 1689
		10.3.4 Drowning 1691
		10.3.5 Lightning and electrical injuries 1696
		10.3.6 Diseases of high terrestrial altitudes 1701
		10.3.7 Radiation 1709
		10.3.8 Disasters: Earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and volcanic eruptions 1713
		10.3.9 Bioterrorism 1718
	10.4 Poisoning 1725
		10.4.1 Poisoning by drugs and chemicals 1725
		10.4.2 Injuries, envenoming, poisoning, and allergic reactions caused by animals 1778
		10.4.3 Poisonous fungi 1817
		10.4.4 Poisonous plants 1828
	10.5 Podoconiosis (nonfilarial elephantiasis) 1833
SECTION 11 Nutrition
	11.1 Nutrition: Macronutrient metabolism 1839
	11.2 Vitamins 1855
	11.3 Minerals and trace elements 1871
	11.4 Severe malnutrition 1880
	11.5 Diseases of affluent societies and the need for dietary change 1891
	11.6 Obesity 1903
	11.7 Artificial nutrition support 1914
SECTION 12 Metabolic disorders
	12.1 The inborn errors of metabolism: General aspects 1929
	12.2 Protein- dependent inborn errors of metabolism 1942
	12.3 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism 1985
		12.3.1 Glycogen storage diseases 1985 Robin H. Lachmann and Timothy M. Cox
		12.3.2 Inborn errors of fructose metabolism 1993 Timothy M. Cox
		12.3.3 Disorders of galactose, pentose, and pyruvate metabolism 2003
	12.4 Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism 2015
	12.5 The porphyrias 2032 Timothy M. Cox
	12.6 Lipid disorders 2055
	12.7 Trace metal disorders 2098
		12.7.1 Hereditary haemochromatosis 2098 William J.H. Griffiths and Timothy M. Cox
		12.7.2 Inherited diseases of copper metabolism: Wilson’s disease and Menkes’ disease 2115
	12.8 Lysosomal disease 2121
	12.9 Disorders of peroxisomal metabolism in adults 2157
	12.10 Hereditary disorders of oxalate metabolism: The primary hyperoxalurias 2174
	12.11 A physiological approach to acid– base disorders: The roles of ion transport and body fluid compartments 2182
	12.12 The acute phase response, hereditary periodic fever syndromes, and amyloidosis 2199
		12.12.1 The acute phase response and C- reactive protein 2199
		12.12.2 Hereditary periodic fever syndromes 2207
		12.12.3 Amyloidosis 2218
	12.13 a1- Antitrypsin deficiency and the serpinopathies 2235
SECTION 13 Endocrine disorders
	13.1 Principles of hormone action 2245 Rob Fowkes, V. Krishna Chatterjee, and Mark Gurnell
	13.2 Pituitary disorders 2258
		13.2.1 Disorders of the anterior pituitary gland 2258 Niki Karavitaki and John A.H. Wass
		13.2.2 Disorders of the posterior pituitary gland 2277
	13.3 Thyroid disorders 2284
		13.3.1 The thyroid gland and disorders of thyroid function 2284
		13.3.2 Thyroid cancer 2302
	13.4 Parathyroid disorders and diseases altering calcium metabolism 2313
	13.5 Adrenal disorders 2331
		13.5.1 Disorders of the adrenal cortex 2331 Mark Sherlock and Mark Gurnell
		13.5.2 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 2360 Nils P. Krone and Ieuan A. Hughes
	13.6 Reproductive disorders 2374
		13.6.1 Ovarian disorders 2374 Stephen Franks, Kate Hardy, and Lisa J. Webber
		13.6.2 Disorders of male reproduction and male hypogonadism 2386
		13.6.3 Benign breast disease 2406
		13.6.4 Sexual dysfunction 2408
	13.7 Disorders of growth and development 2416
		13.7.1 Normal growth and its disorders 2416
		13.7.2 Normal puberty and its disorders 2428
		13.7.3 Normal and abnormal sexual differentiation 2435
	13.8 Pancreatic endocrine disorders and multiple endocrine neoplasia 2449
	13.9 Diabetes and hypoglycaemia 2464
		13.9.1 Diabetes 2464
		13.9.2 Hypoglycaemia 2531
	13.10 Hormonal manifestations of nonendocrine disease 2541
	13.11 The pineal gland and melatonin 2553
SECTION 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
	14.1 Physiological changes of normal pregnancy 2563
	14.2 Nutrition in pregnancy 2568
	14.3 Medical management of normal pregnancy 2575
	14.4 Hypertension in pregnancy 2583
	14.5 Renal disease in pregnancy 2589
	14.6 Heart disease in pregnancy 2597
	14.7 Thrombosis in pregnancy 2606
	14.8 Chest diseases in pregnancy 2613
	14.9 Liver and gastrointestinal diseases of pregnancy 2619
	14.10 Diabetes in pregnancy 2627
	14.11 Endocrine disease in pregnancy 2638
	14.12 Neurological conditions in pregnancy 2642
	14.13 The skin in pregnancy 2648
	14.14 Autoimmune rheumatic disorders and vasculitis in pregnancy 2655
	14.15 Maternal infection in pregnancy 2671
	14.16 Fetal effects of maternal infection 2678
	14.17 Blood disorders in pregnancy 2687
	14.18 Malignant disease in pregnancy 2696
	14.19 Maternal critical care 2701
	14.20 Prescribing in pregnancy 2706
	14.21 Contraception for women with medical diseases 2711
SECTION 15 Gastroenterological disorders
	15.1 Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract 2721
	15.2 Symptoms of gastrointestinal disease 2727
	15.3 Methods for investigation of gastroenterological disease 2734
		15.3.1 Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy 2734
		15.3.2 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 2740
		15.3.3 Radiology of the gastrointestinal tract 2748
		15.3.4 Investigation of gastrointestinal function 2757
	15.4 Common acute abdominal presentations 2765
		15.4.1 The acute abdomen 2765
		15.4.2 Gastrointestinal bleeding 2771
	15.5 Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract 2783
	15.6 The mouth and salivary glands 2797
	15.7 Diseases of the oesophagus 2828
	15.8 Peptic ulcer disease 2849
	15.9 Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract 2862
		15.9.1 Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract 2862
		15.9.2 Carcinoid syndrome 2870
	15.10 Malabsorption 2875
		15.10.1 Differential diagnosis and investigation of malabsorption 2875
		15.10.2 Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine 2879
		15.10.3 Coeliac disease 2884
		15.10.4 Gastrointestinal lymphomas 2892
		15.10.5 Disaccharidase deficiency 2902
		15.10.6 Whipple’s disease 2909
		15.10.7 Effects of massive bowel resection 2911
		15.10.8 Malabsorption syndromes in the tropics 2916
	15.11 Crohn’s disease 2925
	15.12 Ulcerative colitis 2937
	15.13 Irritable bowel syndrome 2951
	15.14 Colonic diverticular disease 2960
	15.15 Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract 2967
	15.16 Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract 2977
	15.17 Vascular disorders of the gastrointestinal tract 2997
	15.18 Gastrointestinal infections 3008
	15.19 Miscellaneous disorders of the bowel 3025
	15.20 Structure and function of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas 3032
	15.21 Pathobiology of chronic liver disease 3043 Wajahat Z. Mehal
	15.22 Presentations and management of liver disease 3049
		15.22.1 Investigation and management of jaundice 3049
		15.22.2 Cirrhosis and ascites 3058
		15.22.3 Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding 3068
		15.22.4 Hepatic encephalopathy 3080
		15.22.5 Liver failure 3089
		15.22.6 Liver transplantation 3100
	15.23 Hepatitis and autoimmune liver disease 3108
		15.23.1 Hepatitis A to E 3108
		15.23.2 Autoimmune hepatitis 3119
		15.23.3 Primary biliary cholangitis 3127
		15.23.4 Primary sclerosing cholangitis 3135
	15.24 Other liver diseases 3142
		15.24.1 Alcoholic liver disease 3142
		15.24.2 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 3147
		15.24.3 Drug- induced liver disease 3155
		15.24.4 Vascular disorders of the liver 3166
		15.24.5 The liver in systemic disease 3169
		15.24.6 Primary and secondary liver tumours 3178
		15.24.7 Liver and biliary diseases in infancy and childhood 3191
	15.25 Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree 3196
	15.26 Diseases of the pancreas 3209
		15.26.1 Acute pancreatitis 3209
		15.26.2 Chronic pancreatitis 3218
		15.26.3 Tumours of the pancreas 3227
Index