Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes 3e

Cover Page
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Contents
Symbols and Abbreviations
Section Editors
Contributors
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SECTION 1 Principles of  Basic and Clinical Endocrinology
	1.1 Endocrine Practice Fundamentals
	1.2 Hormones and Receptors: Fundamental Considerations
	1.3 Molecular Aspects of Hormone Regulation
	1.4 Endocrinology and Evolution: Lessons from Comparative Endocrinology
	1.5 Hormones Across the Lifespan
	1.6 Pituitary Assessment Strategy
	1.7 Endocrine Autoimmunity
	1.8 Common Features of Endocrine Tumours
	1.9 Genetic Aspects of Endocrine Disease
	1.10 Environmental Influences on Endocrine Disease
	1.11 Endocrinology, Sleep, and Circadian Rhythms
	1.12 Principles of Hormone Replacement
	1.13 Prevention in Endocrinology
SECTION 2 Pituitary and Hypothalamic Diseases
	2.1 Functional Anatomy of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
	2.2 The Neurohypophysis
	2.3 Aetiology, Pathogenesis, and Management of Disease of the Pituitary
		2.3.1 Development of the Pituitary and Genetic Forms of Hypopituitarism
		2.3.2 Molecular Pathogenesis of Pituitary Tumours
		2.3.3 Histopathology of Pituitary Tumours
		2.3.4 Imaging of the Pituitary
		2.3.5 Hypopituitarism: Replacement of Adrenal, Thyroid, and Gonadal Axes
		2.3.6 Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency
		2.3.7 Surgery of Pituitary Tumours
		2.3.8 Pituitary Radiotherapy
		2.3.9 Prolactinomas and Hyperprolactinaemia (Including Macroprolactinaemia)
		2.3.10 Acromegaly
		2.3.11 Clinically Non- Functioning Pituitary Tumours and Gonadotropinomas
		2.3.12 Thyrotropinomas
		2.3.13 Pituitary Carcinoma
		2.3.14 Pituitary Incidentalomas
	2.4 Aetiology, Pathogenesis, and Management of Diseases of the Hypothalamus
		2.4.1 Hypothalamic Dysfunction (Hypothalamic Syndromes)
		2.4.2 Craniopharyngiomas
		2.4.3 Perisellar Tumours Including Cysts, Hamartomas, and Vascular Tumours
		2.4.4 Lymphocytic Hypophysitis and Other Inflammatory Conditions of the Pituitary
	2.5 Pineal Physiology and Pathophysiology, Including Pineal Tumours
SECTION 3 Thyroid Disease
	3.1 Evaluation of the Thyroid Patient
		3.1.1 The History and Iconography Relating to the Thyroid Gland
		3.1.2 Biosynthesis, Transport, Metabolism, and Actions of Thyroid Hormones
		3.1.3 Clinical Assessment of the Thyroid Patient
		3.1.4 Thyroid Function Tests and the Effects of Drugs
		3.1.5 Non- Thyroidal Illness (NTI)
		3.1.6 Thyroid Imaging: Nuclear Medicine Techniques
		3.1.7 Thyroid Imaging: Non- Isotopic Techniques
		3.1.8 Epidemiology of Thyroid Disease and Swelling
	3.2 Aetiology of Thyroid Disorders
		3.2.1 The Complex Genetics of Thyroid Disease
		3.2.2 Environmental Factors
		3.2.3 Iodine Deficiency Disorders
		3.2.4 Radiation- Induced Thyroid Disease
		3.2.5 Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
		3.2.6 Thyroiditis
	3.3 Thyrotoxicosis and Related Disorders
		3.3.1 Clinical Assessment and Systemic Manifestations of Thyrotoxicosis
		3.3.2 Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis
		3.3.3 Thyrotoxic Storm
		3.3.4 Subclinical Hyperthyroidism
		3.3.5 Causes and Laboratory Investigations of Thyrotoxicosis
		3.3.6 Antithyroid Drugs for Thyrotoxicosis
		3.3.7 Radioiodine Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
		3.3.8 Surgery for Thyrotoxicosis
		3.3.9 Management of Graves’ Hyperthyroidism
		3.3.10 Graves’ Orbitopathy and Dermopathy
		3.3.11 Management of Toxic Multinodular Goitre and Toxic Adenoma
		3.3.12 Management of Thyrotoxicosis Without Hyperthyroidism
	3.4 Hypothyroidism
		3.4.1 Clinical Assessment and Systemic Manifestations of Hypothyroidism
		3.4.2 Causes and Laboratory Investigation of Hypothyroidism
		3.4.3 Myxoedema Coma
		3.4.4 Subclinical Hypothyroidism
		3.4.5 Syndromes of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone
		3.4.6 Treatment of Hypothyroidism
	3.5 Thyroid Lumps
		3.5.1 Pathogenesis of Non- Toxic Goitre
		3.5.2 Management of Non- Toxic Multinodular Goitre
		3.5.3 Management of the Single Thyroid Nodule
		3.5.4 Pathogenesis of Thyroid Cancer
		3.5.5 Pathology of Thyroid Cancer
		3.5.6 Papillary, Follicular, and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Lymphoma
		3.5.7 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
SECTION 4 Parathyroid, Calcium and Bone Metabolism Disorders
	4.1 Parathyroid Anatomy, Hormone Synthesis, Secretion, Action, and Receptors
	4.2 Hypercalcaemia
	4.3 Primary Hyperparathyroidism
	4.4 Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcaemia Types 1–3 and Neonatal Severe Primary Hyperparathyroidism
	4.5 Hypocalcaemic Disorders, Hypoparathyroidism, and Pseudohypoparathyroidism
	4.6 Bones and the Kidney—The Practical Conundrum: Distinguishing Between Osteoporosis and the Bone Diseases that Accompany Chronic Renal Failure
	4.7 Hypercalcaemic and Hypocalcaemic Syndromes in Children
	4.8 Osteoporosis
	4.9 Thyroid Disorders and Bone Disease
	4.10 Paget’s Disease of Bone
	4.11 Rickets and Osteomalacia (Acquired and Heritable Forms)
	4.12 Glucocorticoid- Induced Osteoporosis
SECTION 5 Adrenal Diseases
	5.1 Adrenal Imaging
	5.2 Adrenal Surgery
	5.3 Adrenal Incidentaloma
	5.4 Adrenocortical Cancer
	5.5 Phaeochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
		5.5.1 Genetics of Phaeochromocytomas, Paragangliomas, and Neuroblastoma
		5.5.2 Management of Phaeochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
	5.6 Primary Aldosteronism
		5.6.1 Genetics of Primary Aldosteronism and Other Steroid- Related Causes of Endocrine Hypertension
		5.6.2 Management of Primary Aldosteronism
	5.7 Cushing’s Syndrome
	5.8 Adrenal Insufficiency
		5.8.1 Genetics of Adrenal Insufficiency
		5.8.2 Management of Adrenal Insufficiency
	5.9 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
		5.9.1 Genetics of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
		5.9.2 Modern Management of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Prospects for the Future
SECTION 6 Neuroendocrine Tumours and Inherited Endocrine Tumour Syndromes
	6.1 Overview and Pathophysiology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
	6.2 Neuroendocrine Tumour Markers
	6.3 Carcinoid Syndrome
	6.4 Lung Neuroendocrine Tumours
	6.5 Non- Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours
	6.6 Gastrinoma
	6.7 Insulinoma and Hypoglycaemia
	6.8 Glucagonoma
	6.9 Vasointestinal Polypeptide Secreting Tumours
	6.10 Somatostatinoma
	6.11 Imaging Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract/ Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (GEP-NET)
		6.11.1 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
		6.11.2 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a and 2b
	6.12 Familial Syndromes and Genetic Causes of Paraganglioma and Phaeochromocytoma
	6.13 Carney’s Complex
	6.14 Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of the McCune– Albright Syndrome
	6.15 Cowden Syndrome
Index
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Contents
Symbols and Abbreviations
Section Editors
Contributors
Free personal online access for five years
Section 7 Disorders of Growth, and Development and Transition
	7.1 Growth and Its Disorders
		7.1.1 Recognizing Normal and Disordered Growth
		7.1.2 Disorders of the GH- IGF Axis
		7.1.3 Short Stature in Children Born Small for Gestational Age
		7.1.4 Growth Disorders with No Defined Aetiology
		7.1.5 Tall Stature
	7.2 Sex Development
		7.2.1 Sex Determination and Differentiation
		7.2.2 Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) in the Newborn
	7.3 Pubertal Disorders
		7.3.1 Recognizing Normal and Disordered Pubertal Development
		7.3.2 Pubertal Delay and Hypogonadism
		7.3.3 Precocious Puberty
	7.4 Transition in Endocrinology
SECTION 8 Female Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
	8.1 Normal Female Endocrinologyand Ovarian Disorders
		8.1.1 Neuroendocrinologyof Reproduction
		8.1.2 O varian and Uterine Development from Fetal Life to Puberty
		8.1.3 Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation
	8.2 Evaluation of the Female Patient with Suspected Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
		8.2.1 C linical Evaluation of Patient swith Suspected Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
		8.2.2 Laboratory Evaluation
	8.3 Female Reproductive Endocrinology
		8.3.1 Disorders of Gonadotropin Secretion
		8.3.2 Hyperprolactinaemia
		8.3.3 Premenstrual Syndrome
	8.4 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Other Androgen Excess Disorders
		8.4.2 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
		8.4.3 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
		8.4.4 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
	8.5 Female Hypogonadism in Pre- and Post-Menopause
		8.5.1 Female Hypogonadism
		8.5.2 Female HypogonadismEndocrinology of the Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy
	8.6 Female Infertility
		8.6.1 Female Infertility andAssisted Reproduction
		8.6.2 Female Infertility
	8.7 Hormonal Contraception
		8.7.1 Hormonal Contraception
	8.8 Exogenous Factors and Female Reproductive Health
		8.8.1 Exogenous Factors and Female Reproductive Health
		8.8.2 Exogenous Factors and Female Reproductive Health
		8.8.3 Exogenous Factors and Female Reproductive Health
SECTION 9 Endocrine Disorders of Pregnancy
	9.1 General Considerations Relating to Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy
	9.2 Management of Thyroid Disorders Before Assisted and Spontaneous Pregnancies
	9.3 Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy
	9.4 Management of Thyroid Disorders After Pregnancy
	9.5 Thyroid Disorders in Newborns
	9.6 Pituitary Tumours in Pregnancy
	9.7 Other Disorders of the Pituitary and Hypothalamus in Pregnancy
	9.8 Adrenal Disease in Pregnancy
	9.9 Endocrine Bone Disease in Pregnancy
	9.10 Imaging for Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy
SECTION 10 Male Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
	10.1 Normal Male Reproductive Endocrinology
		10.1.1 Endocrine and Local Regulation of Testicular Hormone and Sperm Production
		10.1.2 Sex Steroid Actions in the Male
	10.2 Evaluation of the Male Patient with Suspected Hypogonadism and/or Infertility
		10.2.1 Clinical Evaluation
		10.2.2 Endocrine Evaluation
		10.2.3 Diagnostic Semen Analysis
	10.3 Klinefelter’s Syndrome
	10.4 Male Adult Hypogonadism
		10.4.1 Aetiology
		10.4.2 Types of Treatment
		10.4.3 Induction of Spermatogenesis by Gonadotrophin Treatment
		10.4.4 Benefits of Testosterone Treatment
		10.4.5 Risks of Testosterone Treatment
	10.5 Management of Idiopathic Male Infertility
	10.6 Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Testicular Axis Function in Systemic Diseases and Effects of Medications
	10.7 Management of Sexual Dysfunction
	10.8 Hormonal Male Contraception
	10.9 Management of Gynaecomastia
	10.10 Exogenous Factors and Male Reproductive Health
		10.10.1 Environmental Influenceson Male Reproductive Health
SECTION 11 Management of the Transgender Patient
	11.1 Introduction to Transgender and Gender Diverse People
	11.2 Endocrine Treatment of Transgender Youth
	11.3 Hormone Therapy in Transgender Women
	11.4 Hormone Therapy in Transgender Men
	11.5 Fertility Options for Transgender Persons
SECTION 12 Endocrine Responses to SystemicDiseases or Substance Misuse
	12.1 Endocrinology of Systemic Disease
		12.1.1 The Endocrine Responseto Stress
		12.1.2 Endocrinology in theCritically Ill
		12.1.3 Hormones and the Kidney
		12.1.4 The Endocrinology of Liver Disease
		12.1.5 Endocrine Abnormalities in HIV Infection
		12.1.6 The Endocrinology of Anorexia Nervosa
	12.2 Endocrine Complications of Substance Misuse
		12.2.2 Use and Abuse of Performance-​Enhancing Hormones in Sport
		12.2.3 Effect of Opioids on Adrenal and Reproductive Endocrinology
SECTION 13 Endocrinology of Cancer
	13.1 Endocrine Disorders Caused by Cancer or its Treatment
		13.1.1 Metastatic Disease in Endocrine Organs
		13.1.2 Paraneoplastic Endocrine  Syndromes
		13.1.3 Long-Term Endocrine Sequalae of Cancer Therapy
		13.1.4 Endocrine Complications of Biological Cancer Therapies
	13.2 Hormonal Therapy for Breastand Prostatic Cancers
	13.2.1 The Breast
	13.2.2 Endocrine Treatment of Breast Cancer
	13.2.3 Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer
SECTION 14 Obesity, Dyslipidaemia and other Metabolic Disorders
	14.1 Obesity
		14.1.1 The Physiology of Bodyweight Regulation
		14.1.2 Obesity as a Public Health Problem
		14.1.3 Medical Complications of Obesity
		14.1.4 Dietary and Medical Management of Obesity
		14.1.5 Metabolic Surgery
		14.1.6 Assessment of Obesity in Children
		14.1.7 Management of Obesity in Children and Young People
		14.1.8 Planning Obesity Care Pathways
	14.2 Lipoprotein Metabolism and Dyslipidaemia
		14.2.1 Lipoprotein Metabolism
		14.2.2 Genetic Forms of Dyslipidaemia
	14.3 Other Metabolic Disorders
		14.3.1 Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia
		14.3.2 Autoimmune Hypoglycaemia
		14.3.2 Autoimmune Hypoglycaemia
		14.3.3 Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism
		14.3.4 Haemochromatosis and Other Inherited Diseases of Iron Metabolism
		14.3.5 The Porphyrias
SECTION 15 Diabetes Mellitus
	15.1 Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus
		15.1.1 Physiology of Glucose Homeostasis
		15.1.2 Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
	15.2 Type 1 Diabetes
		15.2.1 Epidemiology and Public Health
		15.2.2 Presentation and Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes
		15.2.3 Pathogenesis
	15.3 Type 2 Diabetes
		15.3.1 Epidemiology and Public Health
		15.3.2 Presentation and Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes
		15.3.3 Pathogenesis
	15.4 Non Type 1, Non Type 2 Diabetes
		15.4.1 Diagnosis of Non Type 1, Non Type 2 Forms of Diabetes
	15.5 Principles of Management of Diabetes
		15.5.1 Structured Education
		15.5.2 Glucose Monitoring and Sensing
		15.5.3 Insulins and Insulin Delivery Devices
		15.5.4 Non-Insulin Glucose-Lowering Agents
		15.5.5 Hypoglycaemia in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
	15.6 Evidence Based Management of Type 1 Diabetes
		15.6.1 Strategies for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes
		15.6.2 Psychological and Behavioural Aspects of Type 1 Diabetes Management
		15.6.3 Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes
		15.6.4 Transplantation (Islet and Solid Organ)
	15.7 Evidence-based Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes
		15.7.1 Strategies for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
		15.7.2 Psychological and Behavioural Aspects of Type 2 Diabetes Management
		15.7.3 Type 2 Diabetes in Different Ethnic Groups
		15.7.4 Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
	15.8 Emerging Approaches to Restoring Euglycaemia in Diabetes
		15.8.1 Regenerative Medicine for Diabetes
		15.8.2 “Closed Loop” Insulin Delivery
	15.9 Emergency and Hospital Management of Diabetes
		15.9.1 Hyperglycaemic Emergencies
		15.9.2 Management of the Inpatientwith Diabetes Mellitus
		15.9.3 Care of Diabetes in ICU and Perisurgery
	15.10 Specialized Management of Other Forms of Diabetes
		15.10.1 Monogenic Forms of Diabetes Resulting from Beta-Cell Dysfunction
		15.10.2 Lipodystrophies and Severe Insulin Resistance Syndromes
		15.10.3 Diabetes Secondary to Pancreatic Disease
		15.10.4 Diabetes Secondary to Endocrine Disorders
		15.10.5 Diabetes in Pregnancy
	15.11 Psychiatry and Diabetes
		15.11.1 Type 1 Diabetes and Psychiatry
		15.11.2 Type 2 Diabetes and Psychiatry
	15.12 Microvascular Complications of Diabetes
		15.12.1 Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications
		15.12.2 Retinopathy
		15.12.3 Diabetic Nephropathy
		15.12.4 Diabetic Neuropathy
	15.13 Macrovascular Disease in Diabetes
		15.13.1 Mechanisms ofMacrovascular Disease in Diabetes
		15.13.2 Macrovascular Diseasein Type 2 Diabetes
		15.13.3 Macrovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
		15.13.4 Diabetic Dyslipidaemia
		15.13.5 Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus
	15.14 The Diabetic Foot
		15.14.1 Modern Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease
	15.15 Delivery of Diabetes Care
		15.15.1 Diabetes Service Organization
		15.15.2 Health Economics of Diabetes Care and Prevention
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index