Overtourism, Technology Solutions and Decimated Destinations

Introduction
References
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Overtourism and Technology
	Chapter 1: Theorizing New Technologies as Potential Incremental Management Tools to Tackle Overtourism
		Introduction
		Overtourism Versus COVID-19
			Internal Shock (Overtourism)
			External Shock (COVID-19)
		Marriage A-la-Mode COVID-19: From Wedding Tourism to “Wedding Staycation”
			Overview
			Weddings and Tourism
			COVID-19, Weddings, and Wedding Tourism
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 2: Can Technology-Tourism Interaction Promote Responsible Practice Preventing Overtourism!
		Introduction
		Early Approaches
		Technology Innovations – Overtourism Interaction
			Overview
			Changes in Growth
			Changes in Promotion and Production-Consumption
		Contribution of Technology-Tourism Interaction Towards a Shift from Overtourism Phenomenon to Responsible Practice
		Conclusion
		References
Part II: Social Media Images
	Chapter 3: Facing Overtourism: Social Media to Advise Tourists to Visit Unexplored Destinations
		Introduction
		Case Study
		Methodology
		Overtourism and Media: Myths and Realities
		Destination Image and Tourists Visitation
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: Social Media Transforming Tourist Behavior: Leading Towards Overtourism
		Introduction
		Literature Review
		Research Methodology
			Objective
			Research Design
			Type of Data
			Sources of Data
		Findings
			Social Media an Overview
			Social Media and Tourist Behavior Leading Towards Overtourism
		Social Platforms That Influence Tourist Behavior
			Blogs and Vlogs
			Micro-Blogging
			Instagram
		Ways to Combat Overtourism
			Hashtag Culture
			Anti-hashtag
			Visitors Guiding System
			Government Interventions
			Demarketing
		Impact of COVID-19 on Overtourism
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: Social Media and Transformation of Consumer Behavior in Tourism
		Introduction
		Social Media in Tourism Sector
		Social Media and Tourism Behavior
			Social Media and Consumer Behavior in Pre-trip Stage
			Social Media and Consumer Behavior During the Trip Phase
			Social Media and Consumer Behavior in Post-trip Stage
		Conclusion
		References
Part III: Marketing and Promotion
	Chapter 6: Information and Communications Technology for Overtourism Management: An Exploration
		Introduction
		Methodology
		Overtourism: An Overview
		Background of Technology and Overtourism Linkage
		Framework for Technology-Driven Solutions for Overtourism (FTSO)
			Managing Visitors
				Monitoring
				Tracking
				Visitor’s Movement Data and Analysis
			Managing Attractions and Periphery
				Alternative Routes
				Places Outside Center
				De-seasonalization
				Safety and Security
			Managing Community Resources
				Identifying and Allocating Community Resources
				Common Development Plans
				Equalization
			Managing Experiences
			Managing Promotions and Creating Awareness
				Sensitizing Stakeholders
				Developing Actions
			Managing Environmental Impacts
		Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Psychology, Community and Environmental Issues
	Chapter 7: Residents’ Perception of Overtourism, Tourism Impacts and Economic Dependence in Gökceada Island
		Introduction
		Literature Review
		Research Methodology
		Results
		Conclusion and Discussion
		References
	Chapter 8: The Role of Community Based Tourism in Avoiding Overtourism
		Introduction
		Community and Community Development
		Community Development in Tourism: Community-Based Tourism
		The Frustration of Community: Overtourism
		Discussion and Conclusion
		References
Part V: Challenges
	Chapter 9: Overtourism: Issues, Risk and Responsibility
		Introduction
		The Concepts Related to Over Tourism
			Explaining the Term of overtourism Better: Irridex Model, Tourist Destination Life Cycle and Social Exchange Theory
			Relationship Between Density, (Over) Crowding and Overtourism
			Carrying Capacity and Overtourism
		Perceived Risks Caused by Over Tourism
			Local Community Perspective
			Tourist Perspective
			Environmental Perspective
		Responsibilities for Coping with Overtourism
			Marketing Efforts
			Governmental and Managerial Measurements
			Tourists and Potential Tourists
		Can COVID-19 Be a Cure for Overtourism Induced Pain?
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 10: Is Undertourism an Option After COVID-19?
		Introduction
		Is Undertourism an Option After COVID-19?
		Issues to Be Considered for Resuming the Tourism Industry
		Securing the Long Term Health of the Visitors and the Need of the Industry
		Involvement of Risk in the Tourism Industry COVID-19 Era
			Greater Risk Individuals
			Rising Numbers of Mass Transit Personnel Give a Bigger Risk of Infection
			Transmitting Risk Limited by Transportation Among Both Districts and Provinces
			Capacity to Detect Contacts in Case of a Positive COVID-19 Test
		Major Responsibilities of the Tourism Industry in the Era of COVID-19
		Other Responsibilities
			Safeguard of Staff Members
			Cost-Cutting
			Orderliness
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Overtourism in Cox’s Bazar in the Pre, During and Post COVID-19 Period
		Introduction
		Defining Overtourism and Its Impacts
		Cox’s Bazar – At a Glimpse
		Overtourism in Cox’s Bazar (Pre COVID-19 Pandemic)
			Landscape Changes Due to Construction Boom
			Traffic Congestion
			Loss of Marine Environment
			Increase in the Amount of Solid Waste
			Topsoil Depletion
			The Increased Amount of Water Consumption
			Socio Cultural Impact
			Safety and Security Concern
		Overtourism in Cox’s Bazar (During COVID-19 Pandemic)
		Overtourism in Cox’s Bazar (Post COVID-19 Pandemic)
		The Role of Social Media and Digital Platforms in Reviving Tourism in Cox’s Bazar After the COVID-19 Pandemic
		Policy Recommendations
		Conclusion
		References
Part VI: Possible Solutions
	Chapter 12: Harnessing Information and Communication Technology Led Interventions for Mapping Overtourism: Prospects and Retrospect
		Introduction
		Some Theoretical Underpinnings
		Literature on Overtourism: An Overview
		Taxonomy of Overtourism
			Defining Overtourism
			Enablers or Drivers of Overtourism
			Adverse Impacts of Overtourism
		A Comprehensive Framework of Use of ICT in Situating Overtourism
		Conceptualizing the Model
		Managerial Implications and Key Discussions
		Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	Chapter 13: Alternative Tourism as a Solution of Overtourism
		Introduction
		Overtourism
		Alternative Tourism
			What Are the Features of Alternative Tourism?
			What Are the Differences Between Alternative Tourism and Overtourism?
			Expected Changes in Mass and Alternative Tourism After the COVID-19 Pandemic
		Cases
		Some Suggestions
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 14: Smart Tourism: An Alternative Approach to Clench Overtourism
		Introduction-Overtourism
		COVID-19 and Overtourism
		Smart Tourism as an Alternative Approach
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 15: Prospects and Challenges in Promoting All-Inclusive Holiday Tourism in Sri Lanka with Special Reference to the Resorts in Kalutara
		Introduction
		Problem Statement of the Study
		The Overall Objective of the Study
		Scope of the Study
		An Overview of Empirical Research
		The Methodology of the Study
		Hypotheses of the Study
		Population and Sample
		Data Collection Methods
		Data Analysis and Findings
			Profile of Sample Population
			AI Holiday Package Contribution to Resort Hotel Occupancy
			AI Holiday Package Contribution to Resort Hotel Revenue
			AI Holiday Packages Contribution to Resort Hotel Profitability
			Influence of B&B Holiday Package on Hotel Financial Performance
			Influence of HB Holiday Package on Hotel Financial Performance
			Influence of FB Holiday Package on Hotel Financial Performance
			Influence of AI Holiday Package on Hotel Financial Performance
			Effect of the Dependent Variables on the Independent Variables
		Conclusion, Practical İmplications, and Recommendations
			Focused Marketing Strategy
			Offer AI Holiday Package to Local Tourist
			Elimination of B&B Holiday Package
			Development of AI Package for Asian Tourist
			Development of AI Package for Local Tourist
			Seasonal AI Holiday Packages
			Collaboration with Local Businesses and Communities
		References
	Chapter 16: Impact of Tourism Accommodation Sector Awareness on Responsible Tourism in Destination Development: A Case Study of Hambantota District
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			Concept of Responsible Tourism
			Impact of Responsible tourism on Consumers
			Impact of Responsible tourism on Businesses
			Tourism destinations Influence on Responsible Tourism
		Methodology
			Population and Sample
		Analysis and Findings
			Awareness of Responsible tourism and its Benefits
			Awareness of Responsible Tourism for Environments Benefits
			Financial Benefits Derived from the tourism Accommodation Sector from Responsible Tourism
			Non-financial Benefits Derived by the tourism Accommodation Sector from Responsible Tourism
		Conclusion and Recommendations
			Conclusion
			Recommendations
				Policymakers and tourism Authorities Should Show More Support and Interest in this Concept
				Financial Constraints in Implementing Responsible tourism Practices
				Implementation of an Environmental Conservation Policy
				Investigate the Reasons for the Low Financial and Non-financial Benefits Derived by Businesses Implementing Responsible tourism Practices
				Implementation of Strategies to Reduce Water, Energy Usage, and Waste Disposal
				Enhance tourism Stakeholders’ Awareness about Responsible tourism Concept
		References
	Chapter 17: Empowering the Homestay Operators to Use Social Media Marketing to Solve Overtourism Issues
		Introduction
		Overview of the Malaysian Tourism Industry
		The Malaysian Homestay Program
			Homestays in Sabah, Malaysia
			Social Media Marketing Competency and Sabah Homestay Performance
			Social Media Usage Among Homestay Operators in Sabah, Malaysia
		Shifting Tourists to Unexplored Destinations
		Empowering Homestay Operators to Use Social Media Marketing
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 18: Technology Application to Manage Overtourism in Turkey
		Introduction
		Overtourism
		Negative Effects of Overtourism
			Negative Economic Effects of Overtourism
			Negative Socio-Cultural Effects of Overtourism
			Negative Environmental Effects of Overtourism
		Prevention of Overtourism
		Technological Applications in Overtourism
		Overtourism and Technological Applications in Turkey
		Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
	Chapter 19: Tourism Development in Italian Natural Protected Areas: Traditional and Innovative Tools to Face Overtourism and Other Possible Negative Effects
		Introduction
		Natural Protected Areas and Sustainable Tourism
		Impacts of Tourism Development in Natural Protected Areas and Sustainability Problems
		The Case of the Tremiti Islands Marine Reserve
		Methodology
		Findings and Discussions
		Conclusion
		References
Part VII: The Future with Technology Solutions
	Chapter 20: Technology and Overtourism: A Paradoxical Perspective
		Introduction
		Ambidextrous Role of Technology in Overtourism
			The Flipside of Technology: An Antecedent of Overtourism
				Sharing Economy
				Social Media
			The Bright Side of Technology: Addressing and Resolving Overtourism
		Technology Solutions for Preventing Decimation of Destinations
		The Future Ahead: Incorporating Technology at Destinations in COVID-19 Era
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 21: What Could We Really Say About Overtourism?
		Introduction
		Overtourism: Causes and Consequences
		Information and Communications Technology: Part of the Cure or a Symptom?
		Challenges for the Industry in the Next Years
		Conclusion
		References
Index